NSF 61-2017 Drinking Water System Components - Health Effects.pdf

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1、NSF International Standard / American National StandardNSF/ANSI 61 - 2017 Drinking Water System Components -Health Effects NSF International, an independent, not-for-profit, non-governmental organization, is dedicated to being the leading global provider of public health and safety-based risk manage

2、ment solutions while serving the interests of all stakeholders. This Standard is subject to revision. Contact NSF to confirm this revision is current. Users of this Standard may request clarifications and interpretations, or propose revisions by contacting: Chair, Joint Committee on Drinking Water A

3、dditives c/o NSF International 789 North Dixboro Road, P.O. Box 130140 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140 USA Phone: (734) 769-8010 Telex: 753215 NSF INTL FAX: (734) 769-0109 E-mail: infonsf.org Web: http:/www.nsf.orgi NSF/ANSI 61 2017 NSF International Standard/ American National Standard for Drinking

4、Water Additives Drinking water system components Health effects Standard Developer NSF International NSF International Board of Directors Designated an ANSI Standard March 13, 2017 American National Standards Institute ii Prepared by The NSF Joint Committee on Drinking Water Additives Recommended fo

5、r Adoption by The NSF Council of Public Health Consultants Adopted by The NSF Board of Directors June 1988 Revised October 1988 Revised July 2002 Revised July 2012 Revised May 1990 Addendum August 2002 Addendum March 2013 Revised May 1991 Editorial Revision February 2002 Revised January 2014 Revised

6、 May 1992 Revised September 2003 Revised September 2014 Revised September 1994 Editorial Revision October 2003 Revised February 2015 Revised January 1995 Revised November 2004 Revised October 2015 Revised July 1996 Addendum March 2005 Revised July 2016 Revised September 1996 Revised October 2005 Add

7、endum January 2017 Revised November 1996 Revised March 2007 Revised October 2017 Revised January 1997 Revised July 2007 Revised March 1997 Addendum October 2007 Revised July 1997 Revised December 2008 Revised November 1998 Revised August 2009 Revised January 1999 Revised February 2010 Revised Novemb

8、er 1999 Revised October 2010 Revised September 2000 Revised June 2011 Revised February 2001 Addendum March 2012 Addendum September 2001 Published by NSF International PO Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, USA For ordering copies or for making inquiries with regard to this Standard, please r

9、eference the designation “NSF/ANSI 61 2017.” Copyright 2017 NSF International Previous editions 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998, 1997, 1996, 1995, 1994, 1992, 1991, 1990, 1988 Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publi

10、cation may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from NSF International. Printed in the United States of America. iii Disclaimers1 NSF, in performing its functions in accordance with its ob

11、jectives, does not assume or undertake to discharge any responsibility of the manufacturer or any other party. The opinions and findings of NSF represent its professional judgment. NSF shall not be responsible to anyone for the use of or reliance upon this Standard by anyone. NSF shall not incur any

12、 obligation or liability for damages, including consequential damages, arising out of or in connection with the use, interpretation of, or reliance upon this Standard. NSF Standards provide basic criteria to promote sanitation and protection of the public health. Provisions for mechanical and electr

13、ical safety have not been included in this Standard because governmental agencies or other national standards-setting organizations provide safety requirements. Participation in NSF Standards development activities by regulatory agency representatives (federal, local, state) shall not constitute the

14、ir agencys endorsement of NSF or any of its Standards. Preference is given to the use of performance criteria measurable by examination or testing in NSF Standards development when such performance criteria may reasonably be used in lieu of design, materials, or construction criteria. The illustrati

15、ons, if provided, are intended to assist in understanding their adjacent standard requirements. However, the illustrations may not include all requirements for a specific product or unit, nor do they show the only method of fabricating such arrangements. Such partial drawings shall not be used to ju

16、stify improper or incomplete design and construction. Unless otherwise referenced, the annexes are not considered an integral part of NSF Standards. The annexes are provided as general guidelines to the manufacturer, regulatory agency, user, or certifying organization.1The information contained in t

17、his Disclaimer is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been processed in accordance with ANSIs requirements for an ANS. As such, this Disclaimer may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain require

18、ments necessary for conformance to the Standard. This page is intentionally left blank. v Contents 1 Purpose, scope, and normative references 1 1.1 Purpose 1 1.2 Scope . 1 1.3 Normative references . 1 1.4 Limitations 3 1.5 Alternate products or materials 4 1.6 Significant figures and rounding . 4 2

19、Definitions . 4 3 General requirements . 6 3.1 General. 6 3.2 Information and formulation requirements . 6 3.3 Identification of analytes. 9 3.4 Products manufactured from Annex C acceptable materials. 10 3.5 Restriction on use of lead containing materials . 17 3.6 Lead content of products 17 4 Pipe

20、s and related products . 17 4.1 Scope . 17 4.2 Definitions 18 4.3 General requirements 18 4.4 Sample requirements . 18 4.5 Extraction procedures 19 4.6 Analysis 24 4.7 Normalization of contaminant concentrations 24 4.8 Evaluation of contaminant concentrations . 26 5 Barrier materials . 32 5.1 Scope

21、. 32 5.2 Definitions 32 5.3 General requirements 33 5.4 Sample requirements . 33 5.5 Extraction procedures 34 5.6 Analysis of extraction water . 38 5.7 Normalization . 38 5.8 Evaluation of contaminant concentrations . 41 6 Joining and sealing materials . 47 6.1 Coverage 47 6.2 Definitions 47 6.3 Mat

22、erial and extraction testing requirements . 47 6.4 Items of special significance 47 7 Process media 47 7.1 Scope . 47 7.2 Definitions 48 7.3 General requirements 49 7.4 Sample requirements . 51 7.5 Extraction procedures 51 7.6 Analysis 54 7.7 Normalization . 54 7.8 Evaluation of contaminant concentr

23、ations . 56 8 Mechanical devices 59 8.1 Coverage 59 8.2 Definitions 59 8.3 Device, component, or material requirements . 59 8.4 In-line devices, components, and materials . 60 8.5 Point-of-entry systems, components, and media . 61 8.6 Chemical feeders and generators 61 8.7 Other mechanical devices,

24、components, and materials 62 vi 9 Mechanical plumbing devices . 64 9.1 Coverage 64 9.2 Definitions 65 9.3 Device, component, or material requirements . 66 9.4 Exposure and normalization 66 9.5 Evaluation of normalized contaminant concentrations 67 10 Instructions and information . 67 Annex A Toxicol

25、ogy review and evaluation procedures . 69 Annex B Product/material evaluation 97 Annex C Acceptable materials 141 Annex D Normative drinking water criteria 145 Annex E Informational drinking water criteria . 277 Annex F Revisions to the evaluation of lead . 279 Annex G Weighted average lead content

26、evaluation procedure to a 0.25% lead requirement 281 Annex H Water quality criteria considerations 283 vii Foreword2In response to a competitive request for proposals from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), a Consortium led by NSF International (NSF) agreed to develop voluntary third

27、-party consensus standards and a certification program for all direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the Consortium include the American Water Works Association Research Foundation, the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators, the Conference of State Health and En

28、vironmental Managers, and the American Water Works Association. (COSHEM has since become inactive as an organization.) Each organization was represented on a steering committee with oversight responsibility for the administration of the cooperative agreement. The Steering Committee provides guidance

29、 on overall administration and management of the cooperative agreement. Currently, the member organizations remain active in an oversight role. Two Standards for additives products were developed. NSF/ANSI 60: Drinking water treatment chemicals Health effects covers many of the water treatment chemi

30、cals, also known as direct additives. This Standard, NSF/ANSI 61: Drinking water system components Health effects , covers all indirect additives products and materials. Testing to determine the potential of a product to impart taste and/or odor to drinking water is not included in this Standard. NS

31、F/ANSI 61 was developed to establish minimum requirements for the control of potential adverse human health effects from products that contact drinking water. It does not attempt to include product performance requirements that are currently addressed in other voluntary consensus standards establish

32、ed by such organizations as the American Water Works Association, the American Society for Testing and Materials, and the American National Standards Institute. Because this Standard complements the performance standards of these organizations, it is recommended that products also meet the appropria

33、te performance requirements specified in the standards of such organizations. NSF/ANSI 61, and subsequent product certification against it, has replaced the USEPA Additives Advisory Program for drinking water system components. USEPA terminated its advisory role in April 1990. For more information w

34、ith regard to USEPAs actions, refer to the July 7, 1988 Federal Register (53FR25586). Water age can be a major factor in the deterioration of water quality within plumbing systems affecting issues of both public health and aesthetic concerns. With increased water age is an increased potential for th

35、e formation of disinfection by-products, increased corrosion, and an increased potential for microbial regrowth. It can also lead to a loss in the effectiveness of corrosion control measures and an increased potential for nitrification of the water. Within NSF/ANSI 61, most extraction protocols resu

36、lt in exposure periods between 12 to 24 hours. While these are appropriate for typical drinking water system use, they can be significantly less than in others. Examples of where high water age can occur include: water storage tanks in rain water catchment systems where the duration may be weeks or

37、months, plumbing system designs in green buildings which result of overall reduction in water usage without a change in piping design to minimize stagnation, buildings where stagnant periods occur due to non-use such as schools between semesters, vacation homes, or seasonal buildings, and 2The infor

38、mation contained in this Foreword is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been processed in accordance with ANSIs requirements for an ANS. As such, this Foreword may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does no

39、t contain requirements necessary for conformance to the Standard. viii products on isolated lines with either long or oversized piping resulting low water turnover. NSF/ANSI 61 compliant products are often specified in these applications yet the potential accumulation of leachates over extended peri

40、ods of exposure may or may not be addressed though this standard. It is important that the design of drinking water plumbing systems take into account potentials for extended aging of water. This may include the flushing of the water piping system after extended periods of nonuse. It is also importa

41、nt for managers of the drinking systems in buildings be aware of the potential for high water age and proactively manage the system to minimize it. This Standard and the accompanying text are intended for voluntary use by certifying organizations, utilities, regulatory agencies, and/or manufacturers

42、 as a basis of providing assurances that adequate health protection exists for covered products. Product certification issues, including frequency of testing and requirements for follow-up testing, evaluation, enforcement, and other policy issues, are not addressed by this Standard. It is the intent

43、 of the Joint Committee to eliminate the extraction water specified in Table B3a from the Standard after August 2020, or a period of five years from the adoption of Table B3b. Use of either Table B3a or B3b provides for transition during this period. Certification bodies and other users of this stan

44、dard are strongly encouraged to perform periodic assessments of the effects of this change and provide feedback to the Joint Committee. All references to gallons (gal) are in U.S. gallons. This version includes the following revisions: Issue 127: Exposure and normalization criteria specific to concr

45、ete aggregate was added under section 5 and concrete aggregate was added to the material-specific analyses requirements under Table 3.1 Issue 134: Informative Annex H: Water quality criteria considerations for piping materials in contact with drinking water was added. Issue 135: Language regarding t

46、ank covers was incorporated in section 5.7.1.1 Issue 136: This revision updated allowable volumes of test assemblies, as well as updated terminology on control samples. Issue 137: Lead content requirements were updated in section 3.6. Issue 138: Updates were made to several pass/fail values in Annex

47、 D - Drinking Water Criteria ix Suggestions for improvement of this Standard are welcome. This Standard is maintained on a Continuous Maintenance schedule and can be opened for comment at any time. Comments should be sent to Chair, Joint Committee on Drinking Water Additives System Components at sta

48、ndardsnsf.org, or NSF International, Standards Department, P.O. Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, USA. This page is intentionally left blank.xi Consortium Organizations NSF International Popularly referred to as NSF, NSF International is a noncommercial agency. It is incorporated under the

49、 laws of Michigan as a not-for-profit organization devoted to research, education, and service. It seeks to solve problems involving man and his environment. It wishes to promote health and enrich the quality of life through conserving and improving that environment. Its fundamental principle of operation is to serve as a neutral medium in which business and industry, official regulatory agencies, and the public come together to deal with problems involving products, equipment, procedures, and services related to health and the environment. It is conc