NSF 61-2015 Drinking Water System Components - Health Effects.pdf

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1、NSF International Standard / American National StandardNSF/ANSI 61 - 2015 Drinking Water System Components -Health Effects NSF International, an independent, not-for-profit, non-governmental organization, is dedicated to being the leading global provider of public health and safety-based risk manage

2、ment solutions while serving the interests of all stakeholders. This Standard is subject to revision. Contact NSF to confirm this revision is current. Users of this Standard may request clarifications and interpretations, or propose revisions by contacting: Chair, Joint Committee on Drinking Water A

3、dditives c/o NSF International 789 North Dixboro Road, P.O. Box 130140 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140 USA Phone: (734) 769-8010 Telex: 753215 NSF INTL FAX: (734) 769-0109 E-mail: infonsf.org Web: http:/www.nsf.org i NSF/ANSI 61 2015 NSF International Standard/ American National Standard for Drinking

4、 Water Additives Drinking water system components Health effects Standard Developer NSF International NSF International Board of Directors Designated an ANSI Standard March 29, 2015 American National Standards Institute ii Prepared by The NSF Joint Committee on Drinking Water Additives Recommended f

5、or Adoption by The NSF Council of Public Health Consultants Adopted by The NSF Board of Directors June 1988 Revised October 1988 Revised May 1990 Revised May 1991 Revised May 1992 Revised September 1994 Revised January 1995 Revised July 1996 Revised September 1996 Revised November 1996 Revised Janua

6、ry 1997 Revised March 1997 Revised July 1997 Revised November 1998 Revised January 1999 Revised November 1999 Revised September 2000 Revised February 2001 Addendum September 2001 Revised July 2002 Addendum August 2002 Editorial Revision February 2002 Revised September 2003 Editorial Revision October

7、 2003 Revised November 2004 Addendum March 2005 Revised October 2005 Revised March 2007 Revised July 2007 Addendum October 2007 Revised December 2008 Revised August 2009 Revised February 2010 Revised October 2010 Revised June 2011 Addendum March 2012 Revised July 2012 Addendum March 2013 Revised Jan

8、uary 2014 Revised September 2014 Revised February 2015 Revised October 2015 Published by NSF International PO Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, USA For ordering copies or for making inquiries with regard to this Standard, please reference the designation “NSF/ANSI 61 2015.” Copyright 2015

9、NSF International Previous editions 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998, 1997, 1996, 1995, 1994, 1992, 1991, 1990, 1988 Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electr

10、onic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from NSF International. Printed in the United States of America. iii Disclaimers1 NSF, in performing its functions in accordance with its objectives, does not assume or undertake to discharge any responsibility o

11、f the manufacturer or any other party. The opinions and findings of NSF represent its professional judgment. NSF shall not be responsible to anyone for the use of or reliance upon this Standard by anyone. NSF shall not incur any obligation or liability for damages, including consequential damages, a

12、rising out of or in connection with the use, interpretation of, or reliance upon this Standard. NSF Standards provide basic criteria to promote sanitation and protection of the public health. Provisions for mechanical and electrical safety have not been included in this Standard because governmental

13、 agencies or other national standards-setting organizations provide safety requirements. Participation in NSF Standards development activities by regulatory agency representatives (federal, local, state) shall not constitute their agencys endorsement of NSF or any of its Standards. Preference is giv

14、en to the use of performance criteria measurable by examination or testing in NSF Standards development when such performance criteria may reasonably be used in lieu of design, materials, or construction criteria. The illustrations, if provided, are intended to assist in understanding their adjacent

15、 standard requirements. However, the illustrations may not include all requirements for a specific product or unit, nor do they show the only method of fabricating such arrangements. Such partial drawings shall not be used to justify improper or incomplete design and construction. Unless otherwise r

16、eferenced, the annexes are not considered an integral part of NSF Standards. The annexes are provided as general guidelines to the manufacturer, regulatory agency, user, or certifying organization. 1 The information contained in this Disclaimer is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) an

17、d has not been processed in accordance with ANSIs requirements for an ANS. As such, this Disclaimer may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the Standard. iv This page is inten

18、tionally left blank. v Contents 1 Purpose, scope, and normative references 1 1.1 Purpose 1 1.2 Scope . 1 1.3 Normative references 1 1.4 Limitations 3 1.5 Alternate products or materials 4 1.6 Significant figures and rounding 4 2 Definitions . 4 3 General requirements 6 3.1 General . 6 3.2 Informatio

19、n and formulation requirements 6 3.3 Identification of analytes 8 3.4 Products manufactured from Annex C acceptable materials 9 3.5 Restriction on use of lead containing materials 12 3.6 Weighted average lead content of products . 13 4 Pipes and related products 13 4.1 Scope . 13 4.2 Definitions . 1

20、3 4.3 General requirements . 14 4.4 Sample requirements 14 4.5 Extraction procedures . 15 4.6 Analysis 20 4.7 Normalization of contaminant concentrations. 20 4.8 Evaluation of contaminant concentrations 22 5 Barrier materials 28 5.1 Scope . 28 5.2 Definitions . 28 5.3 General requirements . 29 5.4 S

21、ample requirements 29 5.5 Extraction procedures . 30 5.6 Analysis of extraction water . 34 5.7 Normalization 34 5.8 Evaluation of contaminant concentrations 36 6 Joining and sealing materials. 42 6.1 Coverage 42 6.2 Definitions . 42 6.3 Material and extraction testing requirements 42 6.4 Items of sp

22、ecial significance 42 7 Process media 42 7.1 Scope . 42 7.2 Definitions . 43 7.3 General requirements . 44 7.4 Sample requirements 45 7.5 Extraction procedures . 46 7.6 Analysis 48 7.7 Normalization 49 7.8 Evaluation of contaminant concentrations 50 vi 8 Mechanical devices . 53 8.1 Coverage 53 8.2 D

23、efinitions . 53 8.3 Device, component, or material requirements 54 8.4 In-line devices, components, and materials . 54 8.5 Point-of-entry systems, components, and media 55 8.6 Chemical feeders and generators 56 8.7 Other mechanical devices, components, and materials . 56 9 Mechanical plumbing device

24、s 58 9.1 Coverage 58 9.2 Definitions . 59 9.3 Device, component, or material requirements 60 9.4 Exposure and normalization 60 9.5 Evaluation of normalized contaminant concentrations 61 10 Instructions and information . 61 Annex A . A2 Annex B . B1 Annex C . C2 Annex D . D1 Annex E . E1 Annex F . F1

25、 Annex G G1 Interpretations Annex Interpretations - 1 vii Foreword2 In response to a competitive request for proposals from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), a Consortium led by NSF International (NSF) agreed to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification p

26、rogram for all direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the Consortium include the American Water Works Association Research Foundation, the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators, the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers, and the American Water Wor

27、ks Association. (COSHEM has since become inactive as an organization.) Each organization was represented on a steering committee with oversight responsibility for the administration of the cooperative agreement. The Steering Committee provides guidance on overall administration and management of the

28、 cooperative agreement. Currently, the member organizations remain active in an oversight role. Two standards for additives products were developed. NSF/ANSI 60: Drinking water treatment chemicals Health effects covers many of the water treatment chemicals, also known as direct additives. This Stand

29、ard, NSF/ANSI 61: Drinking water system components Health effects , covers all indirect additives products and materials. Testing to determine the potential of a product to impart taste and/or odor to drinking water is not included in this Standard. NSF/ANSI 61 was developed to establish minimum req

30、uirements for the control of potential adverse human health effects from products that contact drinking water. It does not attempt to include product performance requirements that are currently addressed in other voluntary consensus standards established by such organizations as the American Water W

31、orks Association, the American Society for Testing and Materials, and the American National Standards Institute. Because this Standard complements the performance standards of these organizations, it is recommended that products also meet the appropriate performance requirements specified in the sta

32、ndards of such organizations. NSF/ANSI 61, and subsequent product certification against it, has replaced the USEPA Additives Advisory Program for drinking water system components. USEPA terminated its advisory role in April 1990. For more information with regard to USEPAs actions, refer to the July

33、7, 1988 Federal Register (53FR25586). Water age can be a major factor in the deterioration of water quality within plumbing systems affecting issues of both public health and aesthetic concerns. With increased water age is an increased potential for the formation of disinfection by-products, increas

34、ed corrosion, and an increased potential for microbial regrowth. It can also lead to a loss in the effectiveness of corrosion control measures and an increased potential for nitrification of the water. Within NSF/ANSI 61, most extraction protocols result in exposure periods between 12 to 24 hours. W

35、hile these are appropriate for typical drinking water system use, they can be significantly less than in others. Examples of where high water age can occur include: - Water storage tanks in rain water catchment systems where the duration may be weeks or months, - Plumbing system designs in green bui

36、ldings which result of overall reduction in water usage without a change in piping design to minimize stagnation, - Buildings where stagnant periods occur due to non-use such as schools between semesters, vacation homes, or seasonal buildings, and 2 The information contained in this Foreword is not

37、part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been processed in accordance with ANSIs requirements for an ANS. As such, this Foreword may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conf

38、ormance to the Standard. viii - Products on isolated lines with either long or oversized piping resulting low water turnover. NSF/ANSI 61 compliant products are often specified in these applications yet the potential accumulation of leachates over extended periods of exposure may or may not be addre

39、ssed though this standard. It is important that the design of drinking water plumbing systems take into account potentials for extended aging of water. This may include the flushing of the water piping system after extended periods of nonuse. It is also important for managers of the drinking systems

40、 in buildings be aware of the potential for high water age and proactively manage the system to minimize it. This Standard and the accompanying text are intended for voluntary use by certifying organizations, utilities, regulatory agencies, and/or manufacturers as a basis of providing assurances tha

41、t adequate health protection exists for covered products. Product certification issues, including frequency of testing and requirements for follow-up testing, evaluation, enforcement, and other policy issues, are not addressed by this Standard. All references to gallons (gal) are in U.S. gallons. Th

42、is version includes the following revisions: Issue 120: This revision added an option to perform a full 90 days of exposure to establish the Day 90 contaminant concentration where Day 90 assessments are currently allowed. Issue 121: This revision updated the terminology that describes the chlorine c

43、ontent of various test waters to be stated as “free available chlorine.” Issue 122: This revision added nanofiltration to the exemptions under section 3.2 and 3.3.2, and revised the formulation exemption to the restriction of lead-containing materials under Section 3.5. for component materials in wh

44、ich the generic material type is contained in Table 3.1 Issue 124: This revision removed the reference to the 2.0 square inch restriction on material formulation information found under section 3.3. Issue 125: This revision updated the compositions of four of the stainless steels listed in Table C1

45、to match the material specifications in the ASTM product standards cited for them in the table. Issue 126: This revision updated several pass/fail values included in Annex D - drinking water criteria. Suggestions for improvement of this Standard are welcome. This Standard is maintained on a Continuo

46、us Maintenance schedule and can be opened for comment at any time. Comments should be sent to Chair, Joint Committee on Drinking Water Additives System Components at standardsnsf.org, or NSF International, Standards Department, P.O. Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, USA. ix Consortium Orga

47、nizations NSF International Popularly referred to as NSF, NSF International is a noncommercial agency. It is incorporated under the laws of Michigan as a not-for-profit organization devoted to research, education, and service. It seeks to solve problems involving man and his environment. It wishes t

48、o promote health and enrich the quality of life through conserving and improving that environment. Its fundamental principle of operation is to serve as a neutral medium in which business and industry, official regulatory agencies, and the public come together to deal with problems involving product

49、s, equipment, procedures, and services related to health and the environment. It is conceived and administered as a public service organization. NSF is perhaps best known for its role in developing standards and criteria for equipment, products, and services that bear upon health. NSF was the lead organization in the Consortium responsible for developing this Standard. NSF conducts research; tests and evaluates equipment, products, and services for compliance with standards and criteria; and grants and controls the use of NSF registered Marks. NSF offers product c