NFPA 70EH-2015 Handbook for Electrical Safety in the Workplace (Fourth Edition).pdf

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1、Handbook for Electrical Safety in the Workplace FOURTH EDITION With the complete text of the 2015 edition of NFPA 70E,Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts With the complete text of the 2015 edition of NFPA 70E, Standard for Elect

2、rical Safety in the Workplace Edited by Michael D. Fontaine, PE, CESCP Christopher D. Coache Gil Moniz Art editor: Jean Blanc BK-NFPA-70EHB15-140265-FM.indd 1 9/4/2014 9:20:43 PMCopyright 2014 National Fire Protection Association One Batterymarch Park Quincy, Massachusetts 02169-7471 All rights rese

3、rved. Important Notices and Disclaimers: Publication of this handbook is for the purpose of circulating information and opinion among those concerned for fire and electrical safety and related subjects. While every effort has been made to achieve a work of high quality, neither the NFPA nor the cont

4、ributors to this handbook guarantee or warrantee the accuracy or completeness of or assume any liability in connection with the information and opinions contained in this handbook. The NFPA and the contributors shall in no event be liable for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any na

5、ture whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance upon this handbook. This handbook is published with the understanding that the NFPA and the contributors to this handbook are supplying information a

6、nd opinion but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought. NFPA 70E , Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace (“NFPA 70E”), is, like all NFPA codes, standards, recommen

7、ded practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”), made available for use subject to Important Notices and Legal Disclaimers, which appear at the end of this handbook and can also be viewed at www.nfpa.org/disclaimers. Notice Concerning Code Interpretations: This fourth edition of the Handbook for Electr

8、ical Safety in the Workplace is based on the 2015 edition of NFPA 70E. All NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”) are developed in accordance with the published procedures of the NFPA by technical committees comprised of volunteers drawn from a broad array of rel

9、evant interests. The handbook contains the complete text of NFPA 70E and any applicable Formal Interpretations issued by the NFPA at the time of publication. This NFPA Standard is accompanied by explanatory commentary and other supplementary materials. The commentary and supplementary materials in t

10、his handbook are not a part of the NFPA Standard and do not constitute Formal Interpretations of the NFPA (which can be obtained only through requests processed by the responsible technical committees in accordance with the published procedures of the NFPA). The commentary and supplementary material

11、s, therefore, solely reflect the personal opinions of the editor or other contributors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the NFPA or its technical committees. REMINDER: UPDATING OF NFPA STANDARDS NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, like all NFPA codes,

12、standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”), may be amended from time to time through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata. An official NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any Tentative In

13、terim Amendment and any Errata then in effect. In order to determine whether an NFPA Standard has been amended through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata, visit the Document Information Pages on NFPAs website. The Document Information Pages provide up-to-date, docume

14、nt specific information including any issued Tentative Interim Amendments and Errata. To access the Document Information Page for a specific NFPA Standard go to http:/www.nfpa.org/document for a list of NFPA Standards, and click on the appropriate Standard number (e.g., NFPA 70E). In addition to pos

15、ting all existing Tentative Interim Amendments and Errata, the Document Information Page also includes the option to sign-up for an “Alert” feature to receive an email notification when new updates and other information are posted regarding the document. The following are registered trademarks of th

16、e National Fire Protection Association: National Fire Protection Association NFPA National Electrical Code , NFPA 70 , and NEC Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace and NFPA 70E NFPA No.: 70EHB15 ISBN (book): 978-1-455-90818-9 ISBN (PDF): 978-1-455-90819-6 ISBN (e-book): 978-1-455-91132-5

17、Library of Congress Control No.: 2014943179 Printed in the United States of America15 16 17 18 5 4 3 2 Product Management: Debra Rose Development: Jennifer Harvey Production: Irene Herlihy Copyediting: Kenneth Ritchie Permissions: Josiane Domenici Art Direction: Cheryl Langway Art Editor: Jean Blanc

18、 Cover Design: Greenwood Associates Interior Design: M. Palmer Design Composition: Cenveo Publisher Services Manufacturing: Ellen Glisker Printing/Binding: R.R. Donnelley/Willard BK-NFPA-70EHB15-140265-FM.indd 2 9/4/2014 9:20:45 PMDedication This edition of the Handbook for Electrical Safety in the

19、Workplace is dedicated to Wil- liam H. Gatenby, William R. Kruesi, Kent P. Stiner, Richard E. Stevens, and Howard P. Mi- chener for their outstanding contributions to the development of NFPA 70E. In 1974, the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) petitioned the Oc- cupational Safety a

20、nd Health Administration (OSHA) to adopt the 1975 edition of the Na- tional Electrical Code as a replacement for the 1971 edition of the NEC adopted under section 6(a) rules of the OSHA Act. OSHA responded that the NEC is primarily directed at an initial installation and that determination of compli

21、ance is best judged during the design and construction phases of a project. Instead, OSHA needed regulations that were tailored for elements in electrical safety requirements observable during an OSHA inspection. A NEMA-sponsored subcommittee composed of William H. Gatenby (Harvey Hubbel, Inc.), Wil

22、liam R. Kruesi (General Electric Company), Kent P. Stiner (ITE Imperial Corpora- tion), Richard E. Stevens (National Fire Protection Association), and Howard P. Michener (NEMA Technical Director) met with OSHA on May 8, 1975, and submitted a proposal to OSHA for the development of electrical safety

23、requirements. It was conceived that a docu- ment would be put together by a competent group, representing all interests, that would ex- tract suitable portions from the NEC and from other documents applicable to electrical safety, such as those prepared by a group operating under a consensus process

24、 compatible with the American National Standard Institutions rules and regulations a technical committee (TC) sponsored by the NFPA and operating under NFPA rules and regulations. With positive encouragement from OSHA, the NEC Correlating Committee examined the feasibility of developing such a docum

25、ent to be used as a basis for evaluating electrical safety in the work- place, and NFPA 70E was born. Recognition is due to the members of the NEMA subcom- mittee as the “founding fathers” of NFPA 70E and is hereby given. BK-NFPA-70EHB15-140265-FM.indd 3 9/4/2014 9:20:45 PMBK-NFPA-70EHB15-140265-FM.

26、indd 4 9/4/2014 9:20:45 PMPreface vii About the Editors ix NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, with Commentary 3 Introduction 5 Safety-Related Work Practices 19100 Definitions 20105 Application of Safety-Related Work Practices 50110 General Requirements for Electrical Safety-R

27、elated Work Practices 53120 Establishing an Electrically Safe Work Condition 79130 Work Involving Electrical Hazards 101 Safety-Related Maintenance Requirements 167200 Introduction 168205 General Maintenance Requirements 169210 Substations, Switchgear Assemblies, Switchboards, Panelboards, Motor Con

28、trol Centers, and Disconnect Switches 176215 Premises Wiring 178220 Controller Equipment 179225 Fuses and Circuit Breakers 179230 Rotating Equipment 181235 Hazardous (Classified) Locations 182240 Batteries and Battery Rooms 183245 Portable Electric Tools and Equipment 184250 Personal Safety and Prot

29、ective Equipment 185 Contents PART 1 ARTICLE 90 CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 vv BK-NFPA-70EHB15-140265-FM.indd 5 9/4/2014 9:20:45 PMSafety Requirements for Special Equipment 189300 Introduction 189 310 Safety-Related Work Practices for Electrolytic Cells 190320 Safety Requirements Related to Batteries and Ba

30、ttery Rooms 197330 Safety-Related Work Practices for Use of Lasers 206340 Safety-Related Work Practices: Power Electronic Equipment 209350 Safety-Related Work Requirements: Research and Development Laboratories 215 Informative AnnexesA Referenced Publications 219B Informational References 223C Limit

31、s of Approach 227D Incident Energy and Arc Flash Boundary Calculation Methods 231E Electrical Safety Program 249F Risk Assessment Procedure 251G Sample Lockout/Tagout Procedure 273H Guidance on Selection of Protective Clothing and Other Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 279I Job Briefing and Plann

32、ing Checklist 283J Energized Electrical Work Permit 285K General Categories of Electrical Hazards 289L Typical Application of Safeguards in the Cell Line Working Zone 293M Layering of Protective Clothing and Total System Arc Rating 295N Example Industrial Procedures and Policies for Working Near Ove

33、rhead Electrical Lines and Equipment 299O Safety-Related Design Requirements 305P Aligning Implementation of This Standard with Occupational Health and Safety Management Standards 309 Supplements 313 1 National Electrical Code Requirements Associated With Safety-Related Work Practices 315 2 Electric

34、al Preventive Maintenance Programs 321 3 Typical Safety Procedure (Procedure for Selection, Inspection, and Care of Rubber Insulating Gloves and Leather Protectors) 329 4 Steve and Dela Lenz: One Familys Experience with an Arc-Flash Incident 341 Index 347 Important Notices and Legal Disclaimers 355

35、CHAPTER 3 PART 2 vi Contents |BK-NFPA-70EHB15-140265-FM.indd 6 9/4/2014 9:20:45 PMThe 2015 edition of the Handbook for Electrical Safety in the Workplace contains the lat- est information on electrical safety. More than 118 years have passed since March 18, 1896, when a group of 23 persons represent

36、ing a wide range of organizations met at the headquar- ters of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in New York City. Their purpose was to develop a national code of rules for electrical construction and operation. This was the first national effort to develop electrical installation rules f

37、or the United States. This successful effort resulted in the National Electrical Code (NEC ), the installation code used through- out the United States and in many countries around the world. With the implementation of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, it became apparent that a separate standa

38、rd would be necessary to provide requirements for safe work practices for people who might be exposed to electrical hazards. On January 7, 1976, the Standards Council of the National Fire Protection Association appointed the Committee on Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces. The St

39、andards Council recognized the im- portance of the creation of a document that could be used in conjunction with the National Electrical Code. To keep these documents well coordinated, the Standards Council decided that the new committee should report to the association through the National Electric

40、al Code Technical Correlating Committee. Although the committee recognized the importance of compliance with all of the requirements of the NEC, the first edition of NFPA 70E , Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace , dealt primarily with those electrical installation re- quirements from th

41、e NEC that were most directly tied to worker safety. In subsequent edi- tions, the document expanded to include safety-related work practices, safety-related maintenance requirements, and safety requirements for special equipment. For the 2009 edi- tion, the installation requirements were removed be

42、cause OSHA no longer believed that they were necessary because the NEC is now widely adopted and used. For the first few editions, NFPA 70E was a four-part document that was essentially four books bound together. Beginning with the 2004 edition, NFPA 70E adopted the NEC Style Manual, which provided

43、a simple means to integrate the parts of the document into a compre- hensive and cohesive standard. Since the NEC requirements were deleted from the standard, there are now three chapters. However, the handbook includes a list of pertinent NEC sec- tions to assist the user in understanding how the i

44、nstallation requirements of the NEC can make a safer work environment. Until the 2000 edition of NFPA 70E, most believed that the only electrical hazard was electric shock. The 2000 edition brought attention to the hazards of arc flash phenomena. The use of the standard has grown tremendously as wor

45、kers and their employers try to provide protection from this dangerous hazard. The 2005 edition added the requirement for arc flash hazard equipment labels. The 2012 edition included specific requirements and information on shock and arc-flash protection for persons working on direct-current systems

46、. The 2015 edi- tion continues the evolution of the only ANSI-accredited standard on workplace safety and safety-related work practices by harmonizing the document with other national and interna- tional standards on risk assessment by replacing the hazard/risk category tables with new arc flash PPE

47、 categories tables, updating hazard and risk terminology, and methodology. Prefacevii BK-NFPA-70EHB15-140265-FM.indd 7 9/4/2014 9:20:45 PMAcknowledgments Electricity can be very dangerous occupational hazard. Almost all members of the work- force are exposed to electrical energy as they perform thei

48、r duties every day. Since the cre- ation of NFPA 70E, electrical workers have become more aware of the hazards of electricity and of how to protect themselves. The 2000 and 2004 editions of the standard increased the awareness of arc flash phenomena. The increased use of this standard resulted in a

49、significant increase in public participation in the form of public inputs and comments. This edition would not be possible without the tireless work of the dedicated professionals who serve on the Committee on Electrical Safety in the Workplace. Their work will save countless lives. The editors have learned much from the deliberation and discussions of the technical committee. We hope our work in this book accurately reflects the wisdom we accumulated from the committee. Handbooks are a team effort, and the editors of this book have been supported by