NFPA 255-2006 Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials (Effective Date 8 18 2005).pdf

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1、NFPA 255 Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials 2006 Edition NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471 An International Codes and Standards Organization IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA DOCUMENTSNOTICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY CONC

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21、adquarters, addressed to the attention of the Secretary, Standards Council, NFPA,1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.For more information about NFPA, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org.Copyright 2005, National Fire Protection Association, All Rights ReservedNFPA 255Standard

22、 Method ofTest of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials2006 EditionThis edition of NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of BuildingMaterials, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Fire Tests and acted on by NFPA at itsJune Association Technical Me

23、eting held June 610, 2005, in Las Vegas, NV. It was issued bythe Standards Council on July 29, 2005, with an effective date of August 18, 2005, and super-sedes all previous editions.This edition of NFPA 255 was approved as an American National Standard on August 18, 2005.Origin and Development of NF

24、PA 255The test procedure covered by this standard was originally developed by UnderwritersLaboratories Inc., and a descriptive article on the procedure was published in the NFPAQuarterly in July 1943. Subsequently, the test method was considered by Committee E-5 of theAmerican Society for Testing an

25、d Materials and adopted by the ASTM as a tentative standardin 1950. Subsequent to NFPA action on this standard, on recommendation of the Committeeon Building Construction in 1953, a new NFPA Committee on Fire Tests was created toprovide the machinery for NFPA action on fire test standards in coopera

26、tion with the Ameri-can Society for Testing and Materials. At the 1955 NFPA Annual Meeting, the Committee onFire Tests, by a divided vote, recommended continuing tentative status, but, in view of therecommendation of the NFPA Committee on Building Construction and also of the NFPACommittee on Safety

27、 to Life, which use this standard in connection with interior finish re-quirements (see NFPA 101, Life Safety Code), the standard was officially adopted in 1955.Revised editions were released in 1958, 1961, 1966, 1969, 1972, 1979, 1984, 1990, and 1996.The 1996 edition of NFPA 255 contained minor rev

28、isions that included the method ofcalculating the test results and some editorial revisions. Plans to study the effect of the retain-ing element used to support test specimens within the test chamber were in progress; futureeditions would reflect these findings.The 2000 edition contained only minor

29、changes including those on substrate in B-9 thatrecognized the type of substrate used with a wall covering. There has been activity in NFPA 101,Life Safety Code, related to the study on using the retaining element. Also, a new standard,NFPA 286, Standard Methods of FireTests forEvaluating Contributi

30、on ofWall and Ceiling InteriorFinish toRoom Fire Growth, was developed that could be used for those materials that are not able to betested to NFPA 255.The 2006 edition includes a complete editorial rewrite for compliance with the Manual ofStyle forNFPATechnical Committee Documents. Further organiza

31、tional and editorial changes weremade to improve the application of the test method. The documents purpose was revised tobetter reflect the documents intent. Technical changes addressed test equipment, condition-ing of red oak used in the test, and information to be included in the test report. Chan

32、geswere also made to advisory information concerning mounting methods.2551Technical Committee on Fire TestsWilliam E. Fitch, ChairOmega Point Laboratories Inc., TX RTJesse J. Beitel, Hughes Associates, Inc., MD SEApril L. Berkol, Starwood Hotels for smoke developed indexvalues of 200 or more, the re

33、ported value shall berounded to the nearest multiple of 50(5) Details of specimen preparation and the mountingmethod used in the test chamber(6) Observations of the burning characteristics of the speci-men during test exposure such as, but not limited to,delamination, sagging, shrinkage, fallout, an

34、d the pres-ence of flaming, droplets, particles, debris, or materials(7) Time periods during which the measurement remains at0 percent if the light transmission measurement reaches0 percentAnnex A Explanatory MaterialAnnexAisnotapartoftherequirementsofthisNFPAdocumentbutisincluded for informational

35、purposes only. This annex contains explana-torymaterial,numberedtocorrespondwiththeapplicabletextparagraphs.A.1.2.2 There is not necessarily a relationship between thevalues of visible smoke and flame spread rate.A.1.2.3 See NFPA 251, StandardMethodsofTestsofFireResistanceofBuilding Construction and

36、 Materials, for procedures for determin-ing fire resistance. NFPA 251 can assess the performance, underfire exposure conditions, of building construction and materialswhere incorporated in a test structure and subject to a standardexposing fire of controlled extent and severity.A.3.3.1 FlameSpreadIn

37、dex. This index is determined by test-ing a material in accordance with NFPA 255; ASTM E 84, Stan-dard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of BuildingMaterials; or UL 723, Standard for Test for Surface Burning Char-acteristics of Building Materials.A.3.3.2 Smoke Developed Index. See A.3.

38、3.1.A.4.1.1 The following product references can be useful inobtaining materials for the construction of the fire test cham-ber and are provided for informational purposes only andhave not been independently verified, certified, or endorsedby NFPA or any of its technical committees:(1) Woven fibergl

39、ass tape, 112 in. 18 in. (38.1 mm 3.1 mm),No. 8817K35 from McMaster-Carr, P.O. Box 54960, LosAngeles, CA 90054, or an equivalent, is suitable for thispurpose.(2) This method of lining the sides and base of the duct withinsulating masonry is based on the use of G-26 fire brickmanufactured by A.P. Gre

40、en Refractories.(3) Double-pane observation windows should be constructedof heat-resistant glass, such as the following:(a) Vycor, 100 percent silica glass, nominal14 in. (6.3 mm)thick, is suitable for the interior pane.(b) Pyrexglass, nominal14 in. (6.3 mm) thick, is suit-able for the exterior pane

41、.A.4.1.2 High-temperature furnace refractory Zircon has beenfound suitable for this purpose.A.4.1.3 The purpose of the baffles is to ensure turbulent flow.The following is being provided for informational purposesonly and has not been independently verified, certified, orendorsed by NFPA or any of i

42、ts technical committees: Thismethod for turbulence baffling is based on the use of G-26 firebrick, manufactured by A.P. Green Refractories.25510 TEST OF SURFACE BURNING CHARACTERISTICS OF BUILDING MATERIALS2006 EditionA.4.1.4 The following is being provided for informationalpurposes only and has not

43、 been independently verified, certi-fied, or endorsed by NFPA or any of its technical committees:For reinforced cement board, Manville Building MaterialsCorporation Flexboard II and Tunnel Building Products ster-ling board are suitable materials for this purpose.A.4.1.4.2(4) kC = thermal conductivit

44、y density specificheat.A.4.1.7 The following is being provided for informational pur-poses only and has not been independently verified, certified, orendorsed by NFPA or any of its technical committees: A WestonInstruments No. 856BB photronic cell and 12-volt sealed beam,clear lens, autolamp with an

45、 overall light-to-cell path length of36 in. 4 in. (914 mm 102 mm) is suitable for this purpose.A.4.3.2.2 The purpose of the manometer reading is to indi-cate that no excessive air leakage exists.A.4.3.4 The following is being provided for informationalpurposes only and has not been independently ver

46、ified, certi-fied, or endorsed by NFPA or any of its technical committees: AThermo Systems Inc. Model 1610 velocity transducer (thermalanemometer), using a readout device accurate to 0.001 V, issuitable for this purpose.A.4.3.7.2 The preheating is for the purpose of establishingthe conditions that e

47、xist following successive tests that indi-cate the control of the heat input into the test chamber.A.5.3.1.1 For example, in Figure A.5.3.1.1, the flame spreadshown is 10 ft (3.05 m) in 212 minutes and then it recedes. Thearea is calculated as though the flame had spread to 10 ft(3.05 m) in 212 minu

48、tes and then remained at 10 ft (3.05 m)for the remainder of the test or until the flame front againpassed 10 ft (3.05 m) as indicated by the broken line in Fig-ure A.5.3.1.1. The area, AT, used for calculating the flamespread index values is the sum of areas A1and A2as shown.Annex B Guide to Mountin

49、g MethodsThis annex is not a part of the requirements of this NFPAdocumentbut is included for informational purposes only.B.1 Introduction.B.1.1 This guide has been compiled as an aid in selecting amethod for mounting various building materials in the firetest chamber. These mountings are recommended for testmethod uniformity and convenience; they are not meant toimply restriction in the specific details of field installation.B.1.2 For some building materials, it is possible that none ofthe methods described are applicable. In such cases, othermeans of suppor