1、自考英语（二）模拟试卷 3 及答案与解析一、Vocabulary and Structrue1 Robots differ from automatic machines_after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.（A）that（B） which（C） in that（D）in which2 The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, or something is sta
2、nding_the way of accomplishing them.（A）in（B） on（C） by（D）at3 People and animals are different_their reactions to drugs and in the way_their bodies work.（A）inwhich（B） inthat（C） bywhich（D）fromthat4 We will come here on time at your_.（A）request（B） demand（C） plead（D）command5 Her powers of persuasion were
3、_no avail.（A）to（B） in（C） off（D）on6 Chinese and Russian scientists have reposed that in places_stress is building up, the radon levels of the water build up too.（A）what（B） that（C） which（D）where7 _the contrary, the rapid growth in enrollment over the last 40 years has come to an end.（A）To（B） By（C） In（
4、D）On8 Professor David Morton of the department is involved_animal research and is concerned_reducing animal suffering as much as possible.（A）towith（B） inin（C） within（D）inwith9 Parents, teachers in schools, work associates and communicators in or using the mass media are all capable of_our potential
5、interests.（A）arousing（B） arising（C） rising（D）raising10 Black and white must be_from each other, must be unable to communicate.（A）cut down（B） cut out（C） cut off（D）cut up10 Many teachers believe that the responsibility for learning lies with the students. If a long reading assignment is given，instruct
6、ors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or give an examination. (Courses are not designed merely for students to pass exams). The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning，not the on
7、e interested only in getting high grades. Grade-conscious students may be frustrated with teachers who do not believe it is necessary to grade every assignment. Sometimes homework is returned with brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given，the student is responsible for
8、 learning the material assigned. When research is assigned，the professor expects the student to take the initiative and to complete the assignment with minimal guidance. It is the students responsibility to find books，periodicals ，and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to expla
9、in how a university library works，they expect students，particularly graduate students，to be able to exhaust the reference sources in the library. Professors will help students who need it，but prefer that their students not be overly dependent on them. (This differs from teacher-student relationships
10、 in other countries. )In the United States，professors have other duties besides teaching. Often they are responsible for administrative work within their departments. In addition，they may be obliged to publish articles and books. Therefore the time that a professor can spend with a student outside o
11、f class is limited. If a student has problems with classroom work，the student should either approach a professor during office hours or make an appointment. 11 “Courses are not designed merely for students to pass exams. ”This means teachers_.（A）want students to fail exams（B） care only about exam gr
12、ades（C） believe that passing exams is not the only purpose of a course（D）design courses for lectures only12 Professors in the United States usually expect the students_.（A）to know all the answers（B） never to seek their advice（C） to take the initiative and be independent（D）to work together13 The main
13、 idea of this passage is that students should_.（A）learn independently（B） learn under close guidance of their professors（C） learn cooperatively（D）not learn mainly for high grades14 If a student has a problem with classroom work， he or she should_.（A）make an appointment with the professor a week befor
14、e（B） approach a professor after class（C） seek the professors help in his office（D）go to the professors apartment15 What is considered to be a good student? He is the one who_.（A）aims at getting good scores（B） is planning to get a degree（C） is capable of memorizing knowledge（D）has the motivation to l
15、earn15 Certain animals and plants develop characteristics(特性)that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation(适应性 ). Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting foo
16、d or shelter，in providing protection，and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments. Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way，but each is adapted especially to its own distinct c
17、lass. A plant，for example，depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the suns energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations，common to most plants. In addition，there are special adap
18、tations that only certain kinds of plants have. Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape，and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the
19、 ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near. Organisms have a great variety of ways for adapting. They may adapt in their structure，function，and genetics(遗传素质)；in their development and production of the young；and in other respects. An organism may create its own environment，as do warm-
20、blooded mammals. which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage，but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that，if conditions Change，it finds it difficult or impossibl
21、e to readapt to the new conditions. 16 Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may_.（A）help others of their kind get food，shelter and other things needed（B） get into the biological process of adaptation（C） become better adapted to the environments than others of their k
22、ind（D）lead to the evolution and production of more and more organisms17 Some animals have colored and spotted coats so that they may_.（A）appear frightening to the enemies（B） look like leaves or branches（C） keep motionless when an enemy is coming（D）mix with the surroundings for safety18 AU of the fol
23、lowing adaptations of living things are mentioned in the passage except that in their_.（A）structure（B） ways to develop the survival skills of the young（C） production of the young（D）working system of the body19 Which of the following statements about the warm-blooded mammals is true according to the
24、text?（A）They can change their environments.（B） They can adjust body heat to keep their ideal temperature.（C） They can make food from chemicals.（D）They get most of their heat from the environment.20 The passage is mainly a discussion of_.（A）the adaptations of organisms to their environments（B） the re
25、asons why organisms have their particular shapes and colors（C） the special way of life of each living thing（D）the hows and whys of the structures of organisms20 In the late 1960s many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems， and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers(摩天楼)we
26、re widely criticized. Scientists pointed out that blocks of tall buildings in a city often overburdens. public transportation and parking lot capacities. Skyscrapers are also big consumers，and wasters，of electric power. In one recent year. the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office
27、space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120，000 kilowatts-enough to supply the entire city of Albany，New York，for a day. Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful. The heat loss(or gain)through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that throu
28、gh a typical brick wall filled with insulation board. To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment，builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed(装上玻璃的)panels of glass，and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. Ho
29、wever. mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings. Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a citys sanitation(卫生)facilities，too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of
30、raw wastes each year-as much as a city the size of Stamford，Connecticut，which has a population of more than 109，000. Skyscrapers also interfere with television reception，block bird flyways，and obstruct air traffic. In Boston in the late 1960s，some people even feared that shadows from skyscrapers wou
31、ld kill the grass on Boston Common. Still，people continue to build skyscrapers for all the reasons that they have always built them-personal ambition(抱负)pride ，and the desire of owners to have the largest possible amount of rentable space.21 The main purpose of the passage is to_.（A）compare skyscrap
32、ers with other modem structures（B） describe skyscrapers and their effect on the environment（C） advocate the use of masonry(化妆舞会)in the construction of skyscrapers（D）illustrate some architectural designs of skyscrapers22 According to the passage，what is one disadvantage of skyscrapers that have mirro
33、red walls?（A）The exterior surrounding air is heated。（B） The windows must be cleaned daily.（C） Construction time is increased.（D）Extra air-conditioning equipment is needed.23 According to the passage，in the late 1960s some residents of Boston were concerned with which aspect of skyscrapers?（A）The noi
34、se from their construction.（B） The removal of trees from building sites.（C） The harmful effects on the citys grass.（D）The high cost of rentable office space.24 The author raises issues that would most concern which of the following groups?（A）Electricians.（B） Environmentalists.（C） Aviators.（D）Teacher
35、s.25 Where in the passage does the author compare the energy consumption of skyscrapers with that of a city?（A）Lines 5-8.（B） Lines 14-15.（C） Lines 20-22.（D）Lines 23-25.二、Word Spelling26 微型的 a. m_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 分开 n. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 使活动 vt. a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 商人 n. m_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 令人心碎的 a.
36、h_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 执照 n. d_ _ _ _ _ _ 32 路线 n. r_ _ _ _ 33 信心 n. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 延长 vt. P_ _ _ _ _ _ 35 坚持 vi. P_ _ _ _ _ _ 36 拥有 vt. P_ _ _ _ _ _ 37 跳跃 vi. & vt. l_ _ _ 38 体力的 a. m_ _ _ _ _ 39 画家 n. P_ _ _ _ _ _ 40 成功的 a. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 性格 n. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 投资 n. i_ _ _ _
37、 _ _ _ _ _ 43 细胞 n. c_ _ _ 44 最终的 a. e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 代替；替换 vt. r_ _ _ _ _ _ 三、Word From46 People often assume that a decision is fin_(isolate)phenomenon 47 There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy_(swallow)up stars at a very rapid rate 48 _(tell)you about it some time before
38、，but I dont remember it now 49 Bread and butter_(be)my favorite breakfast 50 Ithigh time that we_(do)something to stop pollution 51 The_(expand)of the factory made room for more equipment 52 Facts are terrible things if_(leave)spreading and unexamined 53 As with anything_(carry)to excess，daydreaming
39、 can be harmful 54 Animal research is irrelevant to our health and it can often produce_(mislead)results 55 _(salary)people who earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries 四、Translation from Chinese into English56 重要的不是你分配了多少时间去学习, 而是你在学习时学到了多少东西。 57 研究人员发现你
40、梦中出现的人越多你醒来时就会越快乐。 58 社会对你玩或不玩是极不关心的。 59 电脑能帮助解决生命研究中的许多问题。 60 这些商品的价格从几美元到数百美元不等。 五、Translation from English into Chinese61 Have you heard about new compact Discs? Theyre the latest invention from Sony. A CD consists of a piece of aluminium coated with transparent plastic，12 cms across，for producin
41、g sound. Its similar to an ordinary record，except that its read by a laser beam，and the information recorded on the aluminium is digital. The makers claim that a CD can reproduce the original sound perfectly，without any distortion or background hiss. As the system is computerized，theres no loss of q
42、uality between the studio master and the record you buy. Also，a CD is much tougher-than a vinyl(乙烯基)record，so it doesnt need such careful handling. Dust and dirt wont damage it，and as theres no contact between the laser and the disc, it will never wear out. 自考英语（二）模拟试卷 3 答案与解析一、Vocabulary and Struct
43、rue1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 机器人和自动化机器不同之处在于完成一项具体任务后，机器人还可以经电脑重新编程后去做其他的工作。in that：在于，原因是。 2 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 需要做决定是因为有问题存在，或者说有东西妨碍着完成工作。stand in the way of：碍事。妨碍。 3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 人和动物在对药物的反应和身体机能方式两方面不同。be different in：在某方面不同，the way：做先行词引导定语从句。 4 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 在你的再三恳求下我们会准时到的。plead：再三恳求，command：命令，demand
44、 ：需要，需求，request ：请求；要求。 5 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 她的说服力也无济于事。to no avail：无用。 6 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 中俄科学家报告指出凡是气压增大的地方，水中氡含量也会增大。where 引导定语从句修饰 places。 7 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 on the contrary 固定搭配：相反的，反而言之的。 8 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 系教授 David Morton 专攻动物研究，而且关心尽可能地减少动物痛苦。be involved in：参与；be concerned with：关心。 9 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 唤
45、醒我们潜在的兴趣。arousing：唤醒；arising ：出现，发出；rising：上升；raising ：升高，举起。 10 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 黑人与白人彼此之间要切断联系，不能够交流。cut off：砍断，切断。 11 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 课程的设计不仅仅是用来让学生通过考试，选项 C 与此意相符。 12 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 见最后一段第一句话，教授会帮助那些需要帮助的学生，但他们更希望学生们不要过分依赖他们。所以在美国，教授们都希望学生发扬自主与独创精神。故答案为 C。 13 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 根据全文可知，学生尤其是大学生应学会自学，所以答
46、案为 A。 14 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 见文章最后一句，可知答案为 C。 15 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 见第一段第四行第二句话“The ideal student is”有理想的学生是那些为了知识和学问积极学习的人，而不是仅仅对取得高分感兴趣的人。 16 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 见第一段，某些动植物发展特性以至于比其他同类能更好地适应环境。 17 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 见第二段倒数第二、三句话。 18 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 只有 B 项“提高年幼生物生存技能的方式”文中未涉及，其他选项均在文中提及。 19 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 见最后一段，第三、四行
47、。 20 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本文前两句开篇点题，主要讨论生物怎样适应环境。 21 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 见本文第一句话，开篇点题“摩天楼及它们对周围环境的影响”。 22 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 见第三段最后一句话，“装有镜面墙的摩天楼会加热它周围空气的温度，也会影响周围的建筑物”。 23 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 由倒数第二段第二句可知，“摩天楼产生的阴影对城市绿地有害”，答案为 C。 24 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本文开篇点题，环境问题与摩天楼，故推知答案选 B。 25 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 摩天楼能源消耗，见第二段。 二、Word Spellin
48、g26 【正确答案】 miniature27 【正确答案】 separation28 【正确答案】 activate29 【正确答案】 merchant30 【正确答案】 heartbreaking31 【正确答案】 diploma32 【正确答案】 route33 【正确答案】 confidence34 【正确答案】 prolong35 【正确答案】 persist36 【正确答案】 possess37 【正确答案】 1eap38 【正确答案】 manual39 【正确答案】 painter40 【正确答案】 successful41 【正确答案】 character42 【正确答案】 in
49、vestment43 【正确答案】 cell44 【正确答案】 eventual45 【正确答案】 replace三、Word From46 【正确答案】 isolated47 【正确答案】 swallowing48 【正确答案】 could have told49 【正确答案】 is50 【正确答案】 did51 【正确答案】 expansion52 【正确答案】 left53 【正确答案】 carried54 【正确答案】 misleading55 【正确答案】 Salaried四、Translation from Chinese into English56 【正确答案】 It is not how much time you allocate for study that counts but how much you learn when you do study
