1、自考英语（二）模拟试卷 30 及答案与解析一、阅读判断0 The First Settlement in North AmericaIt is very difficult to say just when colonization (殖民) began. The first hundred years after Christopher Columbus s journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather some Spanish tra
2、ding posts in South America, a great interest in gold and adventure, and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part. John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice, was established as a trader in Bristol, England, when he made a journey in 1497. But his ship, the Matthew, wi
3、th its crew of eighteen, did no more than see an island (probably off the New England coast) and return home. He and his son made further voyages across the north Atlantic which enabled the English crown to claim a “legal“ title to North America. But for a long time afterwards the Europeans interest
4、 in America was mainly confined to the Spanish activities further south.The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America was nearly a hundred years after Columbuss first voyage. The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England, calling it Virginia. In 1585
5、 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island, but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led by Drake, in 1587. A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in 1590.The first permanent settlement
6、in North America was in 1607. English capitalists founded two Virginia companies, a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol. It was decided to give the name New England to the northern area. The first settlers in Virginia were little more than wage slaves to the company. All
7、 were men and the experiment was not very successful. Many died. Those who survived lived in miserable conditions. By 1619 the colony had only a thousand people.1 We know for sure that colonization began at the end of the 15th century.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given2 Among the early settlers in South
8、America in the 16th century were Spanish traders.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given3 With John Cabots arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497, the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given4 There were eighteen people on board the Matthew dur
9、ing its voyage to North America in 1497.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given5 The first attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America occurred in the 1580s.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given6 The name Virginia was given to North America by Sir Walter Raleigh.（A）True（B） False（C） Not
10、 Given7 The name New England was given to the southern area of North America by the boss of one of the two Virginia companies.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given8 Sir Walter Raleigh is a capitalist.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given9 The first settlers in Virginia were all male.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given10
11、The living conditions of the first settlers were bad.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given二、阅读选择10 Rare Fossil RecordThe preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny, delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers (食腐动物)weathering before they can be fossi
12、lized. Ichthyosaurs (鱼龙) had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures because , as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by
13、other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils.The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur
14、remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales (页岩) deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the
15、 number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanc
16、ed in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long.Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden
17、when they are so rare elsewhere? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant
18、 ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.11 All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization except the_.（A）speed of burying（B） conditions of the water（C） rate at which soft tissues decay（D）cause of death of the animal12 Which of the foll
19、owing is true of the fossil deposits discussed in the passage?（A）They include examples of newly discovered species.（B） They contain large numbers of well-preserved specimens.（C） They are older than fossils found in other places.（D）They have been analyzed more carefully than other fossils.13 The word
20、 “outstanding“ in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_.（A）extensive （B） surprising（C） vertical（D）excellent14 Why does the author mention the specimen preserved in the birth canal?（A）To illustrate that the embryo fossils are quite advanced in their development.（B） To explain why the fossils are well
21、 preserved.（C） To indicate how the ichthyosaurs died.（D）To prove that ichthyosaurs are marine animals.15 Which of the following best expresses the relationship between the first and second paragraphs?（A）The first paragraph describes a place while the second paragraph describes a field of study.（B） T
22、he first paragraph defines the terms that are used in the second paragraph.（C） The second paragraph describes a specific instance of the general topic discussed in the first paragraph.（D）The second paragraph presents information that contrasts with the information given in the first paragraph.三、概括段落
23、大意和补全句子15 Local Newspapers in Britain1 Britain has a large circulation (发行量) of the national newspapers. The Daily Mirror and The Daily Express both sell about 4 million copies each day. On average, every family will buy one newspaper in the morning, and take two or three on Sundays.2 Local newspape
24、rs are just as popular as the national ones in Britain. Local papers have a weekly circulation of 13 million. Nearly every town and country area has its own paper, and almost every local paper is financially holding its own. Many local newspapers are earning good profits.3 Local newspapers have thei
25、r special characteristics. They mainly satisfy interest in local eventsbirths, weddings, deaths, council meetings, and sports. Editors often rely on a small staff of people who know the district well. Clubs and churches in the neighborhood regularly supply these papers with much local news. Local ne
26、ws does not get out of date as quickly as national news. If there is no room for it in this weeks edition, a news item can be held over until the following week.4 The editor of a local newspaper never forgets that the success of any newspaper depends on advertising. For this reason, he is keen to ke
27、ep the good will of local businessmen. If the newspaper sells well with carefully chosen news items to attract local readers, the businessmen will be grateful to the paper for the opportunity of keeping their products in the public eye.5 Local newspapers seldom comment on problems of national import
28、ance, and editors rarely take sides on political questions. But they can often provide service to the community in expressing public feeling on local issues. A newspaper can sometimes persuade the council to take action to improve transport, provide better shopping facilities, and preserve local mon
29、uments and places of interest.A. Keeping Good Relations with Local BusinessmenB. Service Provided by Local NewspapersC. Large Circulation of the National NewspapersD. Special Features of Local NewspapersE. Power of Local NewspapersF. Popularity of Local Newspapers16 Paragraph 117 Paragraph 218 Parag
30、raph 319 Paragraph 420 Paragraph 520 A. a lot of moneyB. express public feeling on local issuesC. morningD. local peopleE. national issuesF. local issues21 British people have the habit of reading newspapers in the_.22 Many local newspapers in Britain are making_.23 Local newspapers are well receive
31、d because they carry articles that please_.24 Local newspapers rarely give opinions on_.25 Local newspapers can _for the community.四、填句补文25 Endangered Species Reading: Polar Bear Makes the ListIn Spring 2008, the polar bear was placed on the endangered species list. According to the Endangered Speci
32、es Act, an endangered species is an animal that is likely to face extinction in its natural habitat.【T1】_The ESA defines a threatened species as one that is likely to become “endangered“ in the foreseeable future.The polar bear is the first animal that has been classified as endangered due primarily
33、 to global warming.【T2】_Heating homes, driving cars, and burning garbage all require fossil fuels that lead to global warming.The polar bears habitat is more vulnerable to global warming than many other species. Polar bears live mainly on the sea ice in the Arctic.【T3】_When the ice melts many polar
34、bears move to land and live off their stored fat. In the Arctic, global warming is causing the ice to melt slightly earlier and form slightly later. This results in a shorter feeding season for the polar bear. Some risk their lives to find ice. If they have to swim too far they will drown from exhau
35、stion and hunger.【 T4】_Every species of plant, animal, and insect there is threatened by global warming. Nevertheless , environmentalist groups such as the World Wildlife Fund often study large carnivores in order to assess the health of an ecosystem (生态系统).【T5】_In addition, donations are more commo
36、nly offered for the protection of large animals such as bears or elephants. People in general are less interested in conservation efforts that protect small wildlife, such as plants or insects. However, by using donor money to protect the habitat of the larger animals (ex. reforestation programs) ,
37、entire ecosystems can be protected.It is important that animals such as the polar bear make it onto the endangered species list.Once they are on the list there are laws that protect these animals from being hunted for food or sport. Agencies also receive money and tools to protect the habitat and re
38、cover the species. The goal of removing the animal from the list is often achievable. In fact, it is rare for a species to go extinct after they make the list. Sadly many species do go extinct while waiting for consideration.A. But adding polar bears to the nations list of endangered species, as som
39、e are now proposing, should not be part of those efforts.B. Global warming is caused by carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that become trapped in the atmosphere.C. The Arctic food chain relies on the polar bear.D. It is not only the polar bear that is at risk in the Arctic.E. This is where th
40、ey hunt for fish and build up fat reserves.F. Polar bears have been categorized as a “threatened“ species.26 【T1】27 【T2】28 【T3】29 【T4】30 【T5】五、填词补文30 A Thirsty WorldThe world is not only hungry; it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you since nearly 75% of the earth s surface is【B1】
41、_ with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is sea-water, or salty water. Man can only drink and use the other 3% the【B2】_ water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers. Even【B3】
42、_ , some of it has been polluted.At the moment, this small amount of fresh water is still enough for us. However, our demand for water is increasing【B4】_ Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now can we avoid a severe worldwide water【B5】_ later on.In addition to stopping wasting our precio
43、us water, one useful step we should take is to【B6 】_ ways of reusing it.Today, in most large cities, water is used only【B7】_ and it eventually returns to the sea or runs into underground storage tanks, But it is【B8】_ to pipe water that has been used to a purifying (净化) plant, There it can be filtere
44、d and treated with chemicals so that it can be used again just as if it were fresh from a spring.But even if every large city purified and【B9】_ its water, we still would not have enough. Where could we turn next? To the oceans! We can make use of the vast amount of sea-water by removing the salt. Th
45、is salt-removing【B10】_ is already in use in many parts of the world.A. used B. fresh C. developD. process E. possible F. shortageG. worse H. reused I. rapidlyJ. covered K. new L. once31 【B1 】32 【B2 】33 【B3 】34 【B4 】35 【B5 】36 【B6 】37 【B7 】38 【B8 】39 【B9 】40 【B10 】六、完形补文40 How to Deal With Pressure?W
46、ith the current mood of global【C1】_(certain) and an【C2】_(economy) recession, people are likely to suffer from increased stress, depression and anxiety. These【C3】_(psychology) symptoms, in a new twist to the old saying of “mind over matter“ ,can lead to actual physical problems.The mind and the body
47、are【C4 】_(integrate) system. Its like a web. If one part is 【C5】_(disturb) ,it will directly or indirectly, affect another part. Hence, psychological and emotional reactions will trigger physical responses.When a person feels a threat to his well-being, the brain reacts by【C6 】_(release) chemicals.
48、For example, the adrenal gland(肾上腺) in the brain may release adrenaline (肾上腺素) which prepares the body to respond to physical threats. The brains neuro-chemistry programs a person to react in one of the classic ways: fight, flight or fright.Are you sleeping well? Are you eating well? Are you working
49、 or studying well? Any mental health problem would affect these three areas of behavior. Some people deal with stress and【C7】_(anxious) by turning to【C8】_(religious) , others by talking to friends and family. But are there other options? Exercise is a good outlet. Play a game. Go jogging. You will be【C9】_(concentrate) on doing something. There is a target to be【C10】_(achieve) and will occupy your mind.
