1、IESNA LM-61-06IESNA Approved GuideforIdentifying OperatingFactors InfluencingMeasured Vs.Predicted Performance forInstalled OutdoorHigh IntensityDischarge (HID)LuminairesIESThe LIGHTING AUTHORITYIESNA LM-61-06IESNA Approved Guide for Identifying Operating Factors Influencing Measured Vs.Predicted Pe
2、rformance for Installed Outdoor HighIntensity Discharge (HID) LuminairesPublication of this Committee Report has been approved by the IESNA. Suggestions forrevisions should be directed to the IESNA. Prepared by:The Subcommittee on Photometry of Outdoor Luminaires of the IESNA Testing Procedures Comm
3、itteeIESNA LM-61-06Copyright 2006 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.Approved by the IESNA Board of Directors, January 7, 2006, as a Transaction of the Illuminating EngineeringSociety of North America.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any for
4、m, in any electronic retrieval systemor otherwise, without prior written permission of the IESNA.Published by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 120 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005.IESNA Standards and Guides are developed through committee consensus and produced by the IESN
5、A Officein New York. Careful attention is given to style and accuracy. If any errors are noted in this document, please for-ward them to Rita Harrold, Director Educational and Technical Development, at the above address for verificationand correction. The IESNA welcomes and urges feedback and commen
6、ts. ISBN # 0-87995-212-1978-0-87995-212-9Printed in the United States of America.DISCLAIMERIESNA publications are developed through the consensus standards development process approved by theAmerican National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers representing varied view-point
7、s and interests to achieve consensus on lighting recommendations. While the IESNA administers theprocess and establishes policies and procedures to promote fairness in the development of consensus, itmakes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein
8、. The IESNA disclaims liability for any injury to persons or property or other damages of any nature whatso-ever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the pub-lication, use of, or reliance on this documentIn issuing and making this document
9、available, the IESNA is not undertaking to render professional or otherservices for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the IESNA undertaking to perform any duty owedby any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own inde-pendent judgment or, a
10、s appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exer-cise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.The IESNA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of thisdocument. Nor does the IESNA list, certify, test or inspect pr
11、oducts, designs, or installations for compliancewith this document. Any certification or statement of compliance with the requirements of this document shallnot be attributable to the IESNA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.IESNA LM-61-06Prepared by the Subc
12、ommittee on Photometry of Outdoor Luminaires of the IESNA TestingProcedures CommitteePhotometry of Outdoor Luminaires SubcommitteeGary A. Steinberg, ChairCarl K. AndersenJohn B. ArensRussell C. Dahl*Richard V. Heinisch* Robert E. HoranDonald E. Husby*Lorence E. Leetzow*Samuel W. McKnight* Waneta A.
13、NewlandCarla A. OoyenRobert C. Speck*Lloyd Stafford*Lane Swainston*IESNA Testing Procedures CommitteeCarla A. Ooyen, Chair 2003-05Michael Grather, Chair 2005 -Carl K. AndersenJohn B. Arens Lawrence M. AyersWilliam E. BeakesRobert C. BergerRandall P. BerginRolf S. BergmanRandall Blanchette James R. C
14、yreRussell C. Dahl* Ronald O. DaubachKevin J. Dowling*David EllisDavid B. Goodwin*Richard V. Heinisch*Robert E. HoranDonald E. Husby*Michael A. Kalkas*Demetrios Karambelas*Mihaly KotrebaiJohn Lawton*Lorence E. Leetzow*Kelly C. Lerbs*Robert E. Levin*Ian LewinRobert Low*Joseph P. MarellaGreg McKeeSamu
15、el W. McKnight*Douglas C. Mertz*C. Cameron MillerBruce Mosher*Waneta A. NewlandYoshihiro Ohno*David W. Parkansky*Eli M. Puszkar*David N. RandolphDavid RectorDonald C. Smith*Robert C. Speck*Lloyd Stafford*Gary A. SteinbergNick Stuffer*Theodor G. Yahraus*John X. Zhang* Advisory Members* HonoraryCONTEN
16、TSForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1l.0 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、. . . . . . . . . . . . .12.0 Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12.1 Power Supply and Ballast Variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . .12.1.1 Power Supply Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12.1.2 Distribution System Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22.1
19、.3 Wave Shape of Voltage and Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22.1.4 Ballast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22.1.4.1 Design Variations .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22.1.4.2 Core and Coil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22.1.4.3 Capacitor . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22.1.4.4 Starting Aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32.1.4.5 Wave Shape of Voltage and/or Curr
22、ent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32.1.4.6 Ballast Component Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32.2 Lamp Variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32.2.1 Light Output of the Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32.2.1.1 Manufacturing Variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32.2.1.2 Light Output at Field Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42.2.2 Arc Tube Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、. . . . . . . . . . . .42.2.2.1 Light Center and Arc Length Variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42.2.2.2 Axial Position of Arc Tubes and Lamp Bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52.2.3 Arc Tube Tem
26、perature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52.2.4 Position Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52.2.5 Special Purpose Lamps . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62.3 Luminaire Optical Variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72.3.1 Reflector Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72.3.2 Reflector Shape and Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72.3.3 Refractors and Enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72.3.4 Luminaire Assembly Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72.3.5 Luminaire Configuration and Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . .72.4 Field Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72.4.1 Mounting Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . .72.4.2 Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82.4.3 Aiming and Tilt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82.
32、4.4 Topography and Obstructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82.4.5 Surface Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82.5 Field Measurements . .
33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82.5.1 Meter Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82.5.2 Contaminant Conditions . . . . .
34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92.5.3 Light Meter Positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92.5.4 Measurement Grid and Registration . . . . . . . . . . .
35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92.5.5 Humidity and Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92.5.6 Atmospheric Transmissivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92.5.7 Weather and Site Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9IESNA LM-61-063.0 General Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Annex A - Measurement and Recording Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Annex B - Measured vs. Predicted Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、. . . . . . . . .14Performance Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14IESNA Approved Guide for IdentifyingOperating Factors Influencing Measured Vs.Predicted Performance for Installed OutdoorHigh
40、Intensity Discharge (HID) LuminairesFOREWORDThis guide outlines factors that can cause differencesbetween calculated and measured illuminance andluminance values of outdoor High Intensity Discharge(HID) lamps and luminaires. It does not offer solu-tions, nor does it quantify all of the possible vari
41、ablesthat might be encountered. The IESNA LightingHandbook1should be consulted for specific designrecommendations. 1.0 INTRODUCTIONWhile lighting manufacturers and independent testinglaboratories generally follow IESNA published proce-dures for testing HID luminaires under controlled lab-oratory con
42、ditions, measurements made in the field toconfirm predicted performance can be influenced by avariety of factors. Under laboratory conditions, mea-surements are made exercising care in the precisionand accuracy of the photometric measurement condi-tions including luminaire orientation, test distance
43、s,ambient temperature, electrical supply and regulation,and lamps selected for optimal stability and arctubegeometry. In the field, this level of control and accura-cy in operating and measurement conditions is sel-dom possible and measurements made in the field ofinstalled photometric performance c
44、an deviate frompredicted performance levels. This guide identifiesmany of the potential factors that apply to outdoor HIDluminaires including mercury (Hg), metal halide (MH),high pressure sodium (HPS), and low pressure sodi-um (LPS) lighting equipment utilizing core and coilballasts for contemporary
45、 lamp wattage designations.The issues and factors associated with electronic bal-lasts for HID lamps have not been addressed in thisrevision of LM-61 as the technology remains in signif-icant flux and outdoor use of electronic ballasts is notyet prevalent on a large scale.2.0 VARIABLESThis guide lis
46、ts variables that can affect the results ofan HID lighting design and outlines issues encoun-tered when comparing field measurements with pre-dicted calculations using photometric data. It is possi-ble that the tolerances for all the components couldcombine to produce a substantial difference in ill
47、umi-nance or luminance performance between laboratoryand field conditions. The variables can be divided intofive general categories:* Power Supply and Ballast Variations* Lamp Variations* Luminaire Optical Variations* Field Conditions* Field MeasurementEach category is reviewed and its significance
48、withrespect to HID luminaire operation is explained.2.1 Power Supply and Ballast VariationsSAFETY CAUTION: Only persons experienced inusing measurement equipment under high volt-age conditions should make measurements ofelectrical characteristics at the lamp. High prima-ry and secondary voltages, hi
49、gh-voltage startingpulses for both HPS and MH lamps (up to 5000 V),and high-voltage instant re-strike circuits (over40kV) present a serious shock hazard. Properprecautions must also be taken to protect instru-ments from the high voltages and high voltagestarting pulses. 2.1.1 Power Supply Voltage - In the photometric lab-oratory, it is standard practice to maintain lamp watts ata constant value when HID lamps, or luminaires usingthem, are being photometered. This is typically accom-plished by monitoring lamp power via a wattmeter andadjusting the supply voltage to the ballast until the
