1、BSI Standards PublicationRailway Application FixedInstallations Specification forreversible d.c. substationsPD CLC/TR 50646:2015National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CLC/TR 50646:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by TechnicalCommittee GEL/9, Ra
2、ilway Electrotechnical Applications, to SubcommitteeGEL/9/3, Railway Electrotechnical Applications Fixed Equipment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract.
3、Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 88380 4ICS 29.280Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority o
4、f theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CLC/TR 50646:2015TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CLC/TR 50646 December 2015 ICS 29.280 English Version Railway Application - Fix
5、ed Installations - Specification for reversible d.c. substations Applications ferroviaires - Installations fixes - Spcification pour sous-stations rversibles courant continu Bahnanwendungen - Ortsfeste Anlagen - Spezifikation rckspeisefhiger Unterwerke fr Gleichstrombahnen This Technical Report was
6、approved by CENELEC on 2015-10-26. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lit
7、huania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnisc
8、he Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. CLC/TR 50646:2015 E PD CLC/TR 50646:2015CLC/TR 50646:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introd
9、uction 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 6 3.1 Terms and definitions . 6 3.2 Abbreviations 7 4 General . 8 4.1 Application of reversible substation . 8 4.2 Energy efficiency analysis . 8 4.3 System architecture 8 4.4 Braking safety . 10 5 Standard perfor
10、mances 10 5.1 General recommendations . 10 5.2 Performance of the system 10 5.2.1 Power rating 10 5.2.2 Energy efficiency 10 5.2.3 Harmonics and reactive power compensation 10 5.2.4 Additional recommendations. 11 5.2.5 Safety 11 5.2.6 Availability . 11 6 Constraints 11 6.1 Climatic environment 11 6.
11、2 Electromagnetic compatibility . 11 6.3 Harmonic content 11 6.4 Interfaces with operational environment 11 6.4.1 General . 11 6.4.2 Installation . 11 6.4.3 Power supply and distribution 12 6.4.4 Monitoring 12 6.4.5 Rolling stock 12 6.4.6 Operation . 12 7 Functional aspects 12 7.1 General . 12 7.2 E
12、nergy regeneration . 13 7.3 Power quality . 13 7.3.1 General . 13 7.3.2 Substation voltage and load balancing 14 7.3.3 Harmonic compensation 14 7.3.4 Reactive power optimization 14 7.4 Protection functions . 14 7.5 Automatic converter configuration . 15 7.6 Substation control and monitoring . 15 7.7
13、 Centralized control function 16 8 System simulation and equipment sizing 16 8.1 General . 16 8.2 Energy consumption computation 17 PD CLC/TR 50646:2015CLC/TR 50646:2015 (E) 3 8.3 Rating of equipment . 17 9 Further standardization needs 18 Bibliography 20 PD CLC/TR 50646:2015CLC/TR 50646:2015 (E) 4
14、European foreword This document (CLC/TR 50646:2015) has been prepared by CLC/SC 9XC “Electric supply and earthing systems for public transport equipment and ancillary apparatus (Fixed installations)”. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
15、 of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. PD CLC/TR 50646:2015CLC/TR 50646:2015 (E) 5 Introduc
16、tion This document originates from the Technical Specification issued by UIC/UNIFE on the same topic, and was offered as a CENELEC Technical Report. The purpose of this Technical Report is to provide recommendations for reversible DC substations. Reversible substations are capable of feeding the tra
17、in regenerative braking energy (up to 100 %) back to the AC high voltage distribution network, while maintaining the capability of exchanging energy between trains on the DC line. A substantial amount of energy can be saved for DC systems which operate electric trains fitted with regenerative brakin
18、g, on commuter services or operating on steep gradient lines. The system receptivity can be improved by feeding the excess regenerative braking energy to the upstream AC network (e.g. AC railway network or national grid) at a higher voltage level. This document provides recommendations if DC Reversi
19、ble Traction Substations are installed to improve line receptivity of DC power supply networks. This document is suitable for newly manufactured traction substations as well as for upgrading and renewal of existing lines. This technical recommendation aims at improving the energy efficiency of the D
20、C transport system, reducing energy consumption, and contributing to a greener environment. PD CLC/TR 50646:2015CLC/TR 50646:2015 (E) 6 1 Scope This Technical Report provides recommendations for DC reversible substations. These recommendations apply to systems and components that facilitate the flow
21、 of energy to and from the upstream AC grid including their related interfaces. These recommendations provide the necessary functions for the recovery of braking energy. It is intended to be used in fixed electrical installations with nominal voltage not exceeding 3 000 V DC which supply electrical
22、power to vehicles used in public guided transport systems, i.e. railway vehicles, tramway vehicles, underground vehicles and trolley-buses It is intended to provide an overview of state-of-the-art applications, define the minimum recommendations that are presently available, and provide functional r
23、ecommendations to be applied to these substations. This document focuses mainly on the substation converters and the traction transformers. Other devices such as switchgear - if they are the same as in classic substations - are not addressed here. Moreover this specification addresses performance, c
24、onstraints, validation and acceptance criteria for the implementation of reversible substations. This document provides the minimum recommendations to be fulfilled. However, due to the different possible solutions and different types of existing technologies, this document does not provide technical
25、 specifications of the basic components that facilitate the functionalities described. 2 Normative references The following standards, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are essential for its application. For dated references, only the cited edition applies. For und
26、ated references the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendment) applies. EN 50160, Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public electricity networks EN 50163, Railway applications Supply voltages of traction systems EN 50327, Railway applications Fixed installati
27、ons Harmonisation of the rated values for converter groups and tests on converter groups EN 50328:2003, Railway applications Fixed installations Electronic power converters for substations EN 50329, Railway applications Fixed installations Traction transformers EN 50388, Railway Applications Power s
28、upply and rolling stock Technical criteria for the coordination between power supply (substation) and rolling stock to achieve interoperability IEC 60050, Electropedia: The Worlds Online Electrotechnical Vocabulary (“IEV Online“) 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For t
29、he purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050 and the following apply. 3.1.1 contact line conductor system for supplying electric energy to vehicles through current-collecting equipment SOURCE: IEC 60050-811-33-01:1991 PD CLC/TR 50646:2015CLC/TR 50646:2015 (E) 7 3.1.2 dyn
30、amic braking use of the electrical machine of the traction unit as a generator during the braking phase in order to achieve speed reduction and thus convert the kinetic energy of the traction unit during its braking phase into electrical energy 3.1.3 electronic power converter operative unit for pow
31、er conversion comprising one or more sets of semiconductor devices SOURCE: IEC 60050-551-12-01:1998, modified The definition was shortened and the Note and figure contained in the original definition are not reproduced here. 3.1.4 minimum threshold voltage Uthilower limit of the DC output voltage ra
32、nge within which Reversible Substation can work in inverter mode 3.1.5 regenerative braking energy net energy coming from the dynamic braking and injected into the contact line Note 1 to entry: It does not include on board losses and auxiliary load. 3.1.6 reversible substation RSS traction substatio
33、n that allows the flow of energy from the contact line to the upstream grid (railway network or national grid) 3.1.7 semiconductor device device whose essential characteristics are due to the flow of charge carriers within a semiconductor SOURCE: IEC 60050-521:2002, 521-04-01 3.1.8 vehicle single it
34、em of rolling stock Note 1 to entry: Examples of a single item of rolling stock include a locomotive, a coach and a wagon. SOURCE: IEC 60050-811-02-02:1991 3.2 Abbreviations AC: Alternating Current DC: Direct Current EMC: Electro-Magnetic Compatibility EMI: Electro-Magnetic Interference IGBT: Insula
35、ted Gate Bipolar Transistor RSS: Reversible Substation TSI ENE: Technical Specification for Interoperability for Energy subsystem PD CLC/TR 50646:2015CLC/TR 50646:2015 (E) 8 4 General 4.1 Application of reversible substation Existing standards provide requirements for the power supply system at the
36、interface between traction units and fixed installations: EN 50163 for feeding voltages and frequency levels and their variations in different situations and EN 50388 for technical criteria for coordination between rolling stock and power supply to achieve interoperability. These standards consider
37、the aspect of vehicle regenerative braking energy that can be reused as follows: on-board for auxiliary devices or heating/ventilation/air-conditioning functions; the on-board demand is usually far too low to absorb all the braking power supplied; other trains: energy is used by other trains taking
38、power in the vicinity. This depends on traffic density, headways, and the profile of line voltage. In classic DC systems, if the energy is not fully recovered by the above means, the energy will be lost and dissipated into brake resistors, generally on-board, or in mechanical braking, contributing t
39、o energy waste and thermal losses. Besides being energy inefficient, if used in a confined environment (such as tunnels and underground passenger stations), it can significantly increase the temperature of that environment and affect the air quality caused by brake pad dust. If the DC railway system
40、 is fitted with energy storage systems (on-board or trackside) and/or with reversible substations (RSS), the wasted energy can be reused or in the case of RSS, fed back into the upstream AC railway network, in the same way as that for AC electric traction systems. The reversible substation allows th
41、e transfer of regenerative braking energy - combination of kinetic and gravity energy for steep gradient lines - to the upstream network. Furthermore, the amount of regenerative energy that is transferred is not limited by the upstream network. The TSI ENE requires the use of traction unit regenerat
42、ive braking capability as a service brake, in AC or in DC systems, to promote energy efficiency. Additionally, the interoperability billing system encourages Railway Undertakings to be charged in the future for the net energy consumption of their trains. 4.2 Energy efficiency analysis The technical
43、analysis of energy savings shows that the optimum use of dynamic braking on DC lines can achieve the following: improving the line receptivity on DC networks to nearly 100 % in normal and degraded mode as it is the case for AC power supply system, minimizing system losses, giving priority to energy
44、exchange between vehicles, suppressing rheostat braking without transferring the additional load onto the mechanical braking which will reduce heat dissipation, mass and volume of on-board equipment. Additionally, by implementing appropriate technology, balancing the loads of paralleled substations
45、can optimize energy flow, thereby improving energy efficiency. To achieve some or all of these objectives, one of the architectures described in 4.3 should be adopted. 4.3 System architecture Converters with power semiconductors in bridge circuits are used to convert three-phase AC to DC. They can b
46、e classified as line-commutated converters (uncontrolled or controlled type) or self-commutated converters. PD CLC/TR 50646:2015CLC/TR 50646:2015 (E) 9 Substations intended for feeding only are commonly designed as uncontrolled line-commutated converters (i.e. diode rectifier). Beside diode rectifie
47、rs, controlled line-commutated converters and self-commutated converters can also be used for rectification purposes. Both technologies are not commonly used in todays DC substations because cost-efficiency and reliability of diode rectifiers so far exceed the advantages of these converters. However
48、, a main advantage of these technologies is the control of DC feeding voltage which enables these types of converters to be used for load management between substations and to reduce energy losses in the contact line. Controlled line-commutated converters and self-commutated converters can also be u
49、sed for inverting purposes. However, while a single bridge self-commutated inverter is able to support energy flow in both directions (rectification and inversion), a line-commutated converter needs two anti-parallel bridges to operate. Generally, but not exclusively, the following main converter technologies can be realized: a) reversible substation with uncontrolled rectifier: 1) uncontrolled rectifier and controlled inverter (diode rectifier and thyristor inverter); 2) uncontrolled rectifier and self-commutated inve
