1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 10227:1996 Implementation of ISO 10227:1996 Human/human surrogate impact (single shock) testing and evaluation Guidance on technical aspects ICS 13.160BSISO10227:1996 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was publishe
2、d under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 January 1997 BSI 11-1998 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference GME/21 Draft for comment 94/710400 DC ISBN 0 580 27040 8 Committees responsible for this British Standard The prepar
3、ation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee GME/21, upon which the following bodies were represented: Imperial College of Science and Technology Institute of Sound and Vibration Research Institution of Mechanical Engineers Lloyds Register of Shipping Ministry of Defence Open
4、University Power Generation Contractors Association (PGCA (BEAMA Ltd.) Railway Industry Association of Great Britain Society of British Aerospace Companies Limited Society of Environmental Engineers The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and
5、 panels: British Compressed Air Society British Gas plc British Industruial Truck Association British Railways Board Forestry Commission Health and Safety Executive Institute of Explosives Engineers Institute of Naval Medicine Motor Industry Research Association Portable Electric Tool Manufacturers
6、Association Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited University College of Wales University of Salford Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO10227:1996 BSI 11-1998 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword iii Text of I
7、SO 10227 1BSISO10227:1996 ii BSI 11-1998 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO10227:1996 and implements it as the UK national standard. This British Standard is published under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board whose Technical Committee GME/21 has the responsibi
8、lity to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international committee any enquiries on interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. NOTEInternational and Eur
9、opean Standards, as well as overseas standards, are available from Customer Services, BSI, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compl
10、iance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 6, an inside back cover andabackcover. This standard has been updated
11、(see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.BSISO10227:1996 ii BSI 11-1998 Contents Page Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Measurement requirements 2 4.1 Initial conditions 2 4
12、.2 Input variables 2 4.3 Subject parameters 2 5 Instrumentation 3 5.1 Transducers 3 5.2 Displacement tracking 3 5.3 Data acquisition 4 6 Data retrieval and processing 4 6.1 Filtering and recording 4 6.2 Digitization 4 6.3 Processing 4 7 Reporting of results 4 7.1 Inertial response 4 7.2 Force transm
13、ission 5 7.3 Displacement 5 7.4 Physiological data 5 7.5 Subjective data 6 7.6 Medical findings 6 Annex A (informative) Bibliography Inside back coverBSISO10227:1996 BSI 11-1998 iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodi
14、es (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations
15、, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated
16、 to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 10227 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration and shock, Subcommittee SC 4, Human exposure to mec
17、hanical vibration and shock. Annex A of this International Standard is for information only.iv blankBSISO10227:1996 BSI 11-1998 1 Introduction The vehicular environment in which people are operators or passengers should not only provide comfortable and efficient means of operation and transportation
18、, but should also minimize occupant injury due to impact forces that may be experienced in a crash-type collision. Criteria for the design, testing and evaluation of safe vehicle design requires an understanding of the human and human surrogate/analogue mechanical response to shock and acceleration
19、forces. This response is a complex function of the interaction of the driving forces with the vehicle, the effects of the seating and restraint systems on the propagated forces, and the initial position and orientation of the subject. An understanding of this response involves the experimental impac
20、t testing of human subjects and human surrogates. In experimental testing, the response of a human or human surrogate/analogue is correlated to specific anatomical segments and readily identifiable landmarks, and is usually not restricted to simple linear motion. This demands careful instrumentation
21、 and data analysis techniques for an adequate analytical description. Another perplexing technical problem is to assure adequate coupling between the sensor used to monitor responses and the anatomical segment which is being monitored. Additionally, the monitoring procedure may alter the measured re
22、sponse, biasing the dose-response relationship. Interpretations and conclusions regarding response mechanisms, injury modalities and propagated frequencies should reflect an understanding of these issues. This International Standard is intended to provide guidelines for formulating experimental prot
23、ocols and reporting experimental results to ease comparisons among various research efforts. It is not intended to limit either the scope of experimental protocols or the exposure levels to which human subjects or human analogues are to be subjected. It does not limit and/or recommend acceleration e
24、nvironments as they relate to comfort, task proficiency, health and safety. 1 Scope This International Standard defines technical aspects of experiments dealing with human or human surrogate testing and procedures for collecting and reporting biomechanical data. Recommended practices regarding measu
25、rements, instrumentation and reporting of results are outlined. These recommended practices are provided as guide for ease of interpretation and comparison of data among different organizations. This International Standard is limited to experiments involving indirect (inertial) impact and does not a
26、ddress direct impact with vehicle surfaces or the use of the airbag-type of active restraining device. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editio
27、ns indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently v
28、alid International Standards. ISO 5805: 1) , Mechanical vibration and shock affecting man Vocabulary. ISO 8727: 2) , Mechanical vibration and shock Human exposure Biodynamic coordinate systems. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the definitions given in ISO 5805 and the f
29、ollowing definitions apply. 3.1 test subject human being or human surrogate (e.g. cadaver, animal, manikin) that serves as the test occupant of the vehicle 3.2 test subject coordinate system right-handed orthogonal coordinate system (x, y, z), in accordance with ISO8727, which is used to locate the
30、position of the instrumented segments of the test subject 1) To be published. (Revision of ISO5805:1981) 2) To be published.BSISO10227:1996 2 BSI 11-1998 3.3 vehicle structure to which the driving force or impact is delivered. This includes all elements of the system which transmit forces to the tes
31、t subject, including any integrated support/seat and restraint system 3.4 vehicle coordinate system right-handed orthogonal coordinate system (x, y, z) which is used to locate the occupant position and restraint or impact surface configuration. Its origin should be defined relative to a rigid struct
32、ure (one that is not significantly deformed during the test) on the vehicle 4 Measurement requirements 4.1 Initial conditions All measurements of location and orientation should be transformable to the vehicle coordinate system. 4.1.1 The numbers, surveyed locations, orientations, mounting and coupl
33、ing characteristics of all transducers and photometric targets should be reported. 4.1.2 The initial position of the test subject, the restraint, and support or seat configuration should be described as fully as possible. The restraint system description should include the following: a) location and
34、 orientation of anchor attachment points; b) angles of belt restraints relative to body contact points and anchor attachment points; c) distances along webbing from anchor points to the points where the belts contact the occupant; d) webbing properties, dimensions and type of hardware; e) webbing re
35、tractor characteristics; f) webbing connector characteristics; g) preloads on restraint components; h) webbing force-elongation properties. The description of the support/seat fixture should include the following: a) geometry and materials adequate to establish the deformation and friction character
36、istics of the support/seat surface; b) dimensions and orientations relative to the vehicle coordinate system; c) energy absorption or deformation characteristics of support structures between the origin of the vehicle coordinate system and the occupant, if pertinent; d) location of point of impact.
37、4.1.3 Ambient environmental factors affecting the outcome of the experiment should be reported. 4.2 Input variables The input variables include time-dependent displacement, velocity, acceleration and force. All measurements of variables should be transformable to the vehicle coordinate system and sh
38、ould be accomplished in the number of degrees of freedom matching those included in the response measures. Typical amplitude-time histories of the input are desirable; otherwise, a statement of the methodology used to measure these variables should be reported. 4.3 Subject parameters Measurement of
39、body dimensions are crucial for describing the test subject and estimating mass distribution properties. Mass distribution properties of the whole body and anatomical segments can be obtained directly in cadaveric research but must be estimated for live volunteer subjects. Biomechanical parameters s
40、uch as segment mass, centre of gravity, moment of inertia, etc., can be used in extrapolating results to populations of interest. 4.3.1 Anthropometric measures These should include, but need not be limited to, the following: a) mass; b) stature; c) sitting height; d) shoulder height; e) head height;
41、 f) head breadth; g) head length; h) head circumference; i) neck circumference; j) shoulder breadth; k) shoulder/elbow length; l) elbow-rest height; m) elbow/finger tip length; n) chest circumference; o) thoracic thickness; p) popliteal height; q) buttock/knee length; r) knee height (sitting).BSISO1
42、0227:1996 BSI 11-1998 3 4.3.2 Condition and prehistory For live human subjects, complete medical histories including age and gender should be recorded and any anomalies noted. Similar information, where possible, should also be provided for cadavers. Cadaveric experiments should be conducted on spec
43、imens free from injuries, wounds, or other anomalies which may interfere with the conduct of the test or interpretation of results. Cadavers should be as fresh as possible and embalming procedures should be completely described. Storage conditions of the cadaver, up to the time of the experiment, sh
44、ould also be described. Any ancillary procedures, such as vascular injection or control of the thoracic volume of cadavers, should be completely defined. For all types of testing (live human subject, human surrogate), anatomical landmarks should be identified, marked and measured in relation to defi
45、ned anatomical coordinate systems (in accordance with ISO8727). If possible, radiographic records of the subjects with instrumentation mounts and measurement scales should be made. Insufficiently visible anatomical landmarks should be enhanced via the use of radio-opaque spheres. Photographs or sche
46、matics with dimensions identified should be maintained if radiographic records are not possible. 5 Instrumentation 5.1 Transducers Data collected from transducers mounted on the subject and within the seat, restraint or other force-transmitting structure, as well as physiological sensors, are used t
47、o quantify both the severity of the test and local responses of the anatomy to crash and impact forces, and to delineate transmission characteristics and transfer functions of anatomical segments. Subclauses 5.1.1 to5.1.6 give the required transducer characteristics. 5.1.1 Transducers and other sens
48、ors mounted on the subject should have low mass so as to affect minimally the responses of the monitored anatomical segment. 5.1.2 Transducers and other sensors mounted on the subject should be mounted as solidly as possible to well-defined anatomical structures relative to the skeletal system so th
49、at their data are unaffected by relative motion artifact. If solid attachment is not possible (as may be the case in the testing of live human subjects), a complete description of the attachment method should be provided. 5.1.3 Transducers and sensors should have appropriate frequency response with respect to the anticipated phenomena to be measured. In cases where the frequency characteristics of the body segment are not known, broad-band frequency measurements should be attempted, with subsequent analysis conducted to identify the significant frequency con
