1、Designation: F2090 10F2090 13Standard Specification forWindow Fall Prevention Devices With Emergency Escape(Egress) Release Mechanisms1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2090; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses window fall prevention devices that protect agains
3、tpotential falls by children aged five years and under through open windows. Window fall preventiondevices currently available include window opening control devices, window fall prevention screens,and some types of window guards. These devices use different strategies to prevent children fromfallin
4、g through open windows. Window opening control devices restrict the size of the open area ofthe window so that it is too small for a young child to fall through. They do this by allowing thewindow opening to be set at a predetermined position. Window fall prevention screens and fallprevention window
5、 guards provide a barrier to prevent a child from falling through an open window.A special study2 by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) indicates that youngchildren are at risk of death and serious injury from falls through open windows. Children aged fiveand younger account for a hi
6、gher percentage of window fall fatalities and injuries.3Window fall prevention devices usually differ in purpose and application from security/burglar bars.The general purpose of a window fall prevention device is to prevent a child age five or younger fromfalling through an open window. The general
7、 purpose of a security bar is to prevent unlawful entrythrough a window. Generally window fall prevention devices and security bars are two separatedevices. However, a security bar could be used as a fall prevention device if it meets the requirementsof this specification.The CPSC has advised caregi
8、vers to open windows less than 4 in. when children are present as onemeans to prevent child falls through open windows. Window opening control devices provide a meansthat the window, when opened in an initial operation, will satisfy the CPSC recommendation to openless than 4 in.4 The 4-in. dimension
9、 is drawn from related building codes and standards for openingsin guardrail assemblies,5 and is universally accepted as the appropriate dimension to prevent a childfrom passing through balcony or guard railing systems.An additional operation is required to open thewindow further. The additional ope
10、ration must be performed without the use of keys, tools, or specialknowledge. Security from forced entry is not within the scope of this standard and is not the intendedfunction of any of the devices referred to herein.The intent of this update to the standard is to improve the clarity of performanc
11、e and labelingrequirements and to reorganize the sections such that the general requirements, performance tests,safety information, labeling requirements, and installation instructions are separated by device type.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes requirements for devices intended to addres
12、s the risk of injury and death associated withaccidental falls through open windows by children five years old and younger.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.38 on Window FallPrevention.Curren
13、t edition approved March 15, 2010Dec. 15, 2013. Published April 2010December 2015. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20082010as F2090 08.F2090 10. DOI: 10.1520/F2090-10.10.1520/F2090-13.2 U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Special Window Falls Study, conducted in 1
14、991.3 U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Special Window Falls Study, conducted in 1991 and “Window Safety: Data and Patterns Related to Entrapments andAccidental Falls from Windows,” prepared by Andersen Corporation.Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be
15、obtained by requesting Research Report RR:F15-1002.4 Consumer Product Safety Commission, “Preventing Window Falls,” Document #5124.5 See NFPA 101, 20062012 Edition, Section 7.2.2.4.5.3. Also see Section R312.2, guard opening limitations in the 2006 International Residential Code (IRC).This document
16、is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appro
17、priate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.2 This specification is not intended to meet the unique requ
18、irements of Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA).1.3 This specification applies to window fall prevention devices, including window opening control devices, window fallprevention screens, and fall prevention window guards, that are to be used on anyoperable windows, including those that aredesignat
19、ed for emergency escape (egress) and rescue (ingress).NOTE 1A separate safety specification, Safety Specification F2006, covers window fall prevention devices for non-emergency escape (egress) andrescue (ingress) windows in installations more than 75 ft6 (23 m) above ground level in multiple family
20、dwelling buildings since windows at these heightsare beyond the reach of rescue ladders currently in use.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are no
21、t considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use
22、.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:7F977 Consumer Safety Specification for Infant WalkersF1487 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Playground Equipment for Public UseF2006 Safety Specification for Window Fall Prevention Devices for Non-Emergency Escape (Egress) and Rescue (Ingress)
23、Windows2.2 Code of Federal Regualtions:Regulations:816 CFR 1500.53 Test Methods for Simulating Use and Abuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Over36 But Not Over 96 Months of Age, (f)(3) Testing Procedure16 CFR 1508.6(b) Requirements for Full-Size Baby CribsCPSC 16 CFR Chapter
24、 11 (1-1-87 Edition) Part 1201 Safety Standard for Architectural Glazing Materials2.3 ANSI Standards:9ANSI Z535.4 Product Safety Signs and LabelsANSI Z535.6 Product Safety Instructions in Product Manuals, Instructions and Other Collateral MaterialsANSI Z97.1-1984 Z97.1 Safety Glazing Materials Used
25、in Buildings Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of Test(Tempered Glass Impact Test)ANSI/BHMA A156.9 American National Standard for Cabinet HardwareANSI/SMA 1201-20021201 Specification for Insect Screens for Windows, Sliding Doors and Swinging Doors2.4 AAMA Standards:10AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/IS
26、.2/A440-08101/IS.2/A440 North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for Windows,Doors, and Skylights (NAFS)AAMA 902 Voluntary Specification for Sash Balances3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 aftermarket, adjreferring to a product or device that is manufact
27、ured separately from a window but is intended to be usedin conjunction with a window. For purposes of this standard, such a device is intended to be attached to or near a window or itsframe in order to prevent a young child from passing or falling through the window when the window is opened.3.1.2 e
28、mergency escape (egress) and rescue (ingress) window, na window intended for emergency escape (egress) and rescue(ingress) during an emergency situation such as fire, gas leak, etc., as defined by the prevailing applicable building and fire codes.3.1.3 fall prevention window guard, ndevice designed
29、to fit into or onto a window to prevent a child from passing or fallingthrough an open window. Typically mounted on the interior frame of the window and includes side frames fastened to the sidesof a window frame and a plurality of spaced-apart, transverse, tubular, width-adjustable crosspiece eleme
30、nts to form a grid patternbetween the side supports to prevent passage of a child. See Appendix X3 for examples.3.1.4 release mechanism for emergency escape (egress) and rescue (ingress) window fall prevention device, nmeans ofopening a window fall prevention screen or fall prevention window guard o
31、r releasing a window opening control device to providea clear opening space for the purpose of emergency escape or rescue.6 2006 International Building Code, Section 403.1, Special Provisions for Groups B and R1, January 2000.7 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or co
32、ntactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standardsstandards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.8 Code of Federal Regulations, available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.9 Available from American
33、National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.10 Available from American Architectural Manufacturers Association, 1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550, Schaumburg, IL 60173, http:/www.aamanet.org/index.asp.F2090 1323.1.5 window, nan opening co
34、nstructed in a wall or a roof to admit light or air, or both, to any enclosure.3.1.6 window fall, na fall through an open window.3.1.7 window fall prevention device, nany device intended to prevent a young child from passing or falling through an openwindow. Such a device may be an integral part of
35、a window, or may be attached to the window, its frame, or the area around thewindow after the window has been installed.3.1.8 window fall prevention screen, nscreen device designed to fit into or onto a window to prevent a child from passing orfalling through an open window. Typically mounted on the
36、 exterior surface/frame of a sliding style window and on the interior ofa cranking style window and includes screening mesh or material and attachment mechanism(s) of sufficient strength to meet theperformance requirements of this standard while preventing passage of a child. See Appendix X4 for exa
37、mples.3.1.9 window opening control device, ndevice that limitscontrols a window sash opening to be opened with normal operationof the sash such as to prohibit the free passage of a 4.0-in. (102-mm) diameter rigid sphere11 at the lowest opening portion of thewindow opening, with a release mechanism t
38、hat shall allow the sash to be opened to a larger opening area such as that requiredfor emergency escape and rescue, and that automatically resets when the window sash is fully closed. See Appendix X5 forexamples.3.1.9.1 controlled open position, nmaximum open position of a window sash, when the win
39、dow opening control device(s) isengaged, that prohibits the free passage of a 4-in. (102-mm) diameter rigid sphere.WINDOW FALL PREVENTION SCREENS AND FALL PREVENTION WINDOW GUARD DEVICES4. General RequirementsWINDOW FALL PREVENTION SCREENS AND FALL PREVENTION WINDOW GUARD DEVICES4.1 Window fall prev
40、ention screens or fall prevention window guard devices shall be constructed so as to prohibit the freepassage of a 4.0-in. (102-mm) diameter rigid sphere12 anywhere in the window opening (as required by applicable codes for thatjurisdiction), during or after testing as specified in 8.15.1 5.4 throug
41、h 8.4, when the window fall prevention screen or fallprevention window guard device is installed in accordance with the manufacturersmanufacturers instructions.4.2 The distance between window fall prevention screen or fall prevention window guard device structural members orcomponents after all test
42、ing is conducted shall not exceed 4.0 in. (102 mm) when a 60-lbf13 (267-N) direct force is applied inaccordance with the test method in 8.25.2.4.3 Releasable window fall prevention screen or fall prevention window guard devices shall be free of sharp projections andedges.4.4 Releasable window fall p
43、revention screens or fall prevention window guard devices shall not interfere with the operation,function or performance of the window to applicable standards and shall not violate light, ventilation, and emergency escape andrescue requirements of the applicable building code.4.5 Window fall prevent
44、ion screens or fall prevention window guard devices shall be designed with release mechanisms toallow for emergency escape (egress) without the need for special tools or special knowledge.4.5.1 Operation of emergency escape (egress) mechanisms shall be accomplished with a minimum amount of effort fr
45、om theinside of the building, whether the window fall prevention screen and fall prevention window guard device is mounted inside oroutside the building.4.5.2 Release of the emergency escape (egress) mechanism shall require no more than 15 lbf (66 N) of force.144.5.3 To protect against inadvertent o
46、peration by a young child, the emergency escape (egress) release mechanism(s) shallrequire two distinct actions to operate.15 Opening the window fall prevention screen or fall prevention window guard shall notcount as one of these actions.4.5.4 The emergency escape (egress) release mechanism shall o
47、perate properly in all types of weather.4.5.5 Emergency escape (egress) releases shall have their operating mechanisms clearly identified for proper use in anemergency.4.5.6 Neither the window fall prevention screens or fall prevention window guard devices nor the emergency escape (egress)release me
48、chanism shall reduce the exitable area of the window unit below what is required by applicable codes.11 CPSC Publication 362, “Safety Barrier Guidelines for Home Pools” and New Jersey Community Affairs Division of Codes and Standards, Cite 27 N.M.R. 3150,Subchapter 27 Child-Protection Window Guards
49、5:10 27.4 Specifications for Window Guards.12 CPSC Publication 362, “Safety Barrier Guidelines for Home Pools” and New Jersey Community Affairs Division of Codes and Standards, Cite 27 N.M.R. 3150,Subchapter 27 Child-Protection Window Guards 5:10 27.4 Specifications for Window Guards.13 “Anthropometry of Infants, Children, and Youths to Age 18 for Product Safety Design,” Highway Safety Research Institute, University of Michigan, May 31, 1977.14 16 CFR 1500.53, Test Methods for Simulating Use and Abuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by
