1、Designation: E 1475 02Standard Guide forData Fields for Computerized Transfer of DigitalRadiological Examination Data1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1475; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides a listing and description of the fieldsthat are recommended for inclusion in a digital rad
3、iologicalexamination data base to facilitate the transfer of such data.This guide sets guidelines for the format of data fields forcomputerized transfer of digital image files obtained fromradiographic, radioscopic, computed radiographic, or otherradiological examination systems. The field listing i
4、ncludesthose fields regarded as necessary for inclusion in the database: (1) regardless of the radiological examination method (asindicated by Footnote C in Table 1), (2) for radioscopicexamination (as indicated by Footnote E in Table 1), and (3) forradiographic examination (as indicated by Footnote
5、 D in Table1). In addition, other optional fields are listed as a reminder ofthe types of information that may be useful for additionalunderstanding of the data or applicable to a limited number ofapplications.1.2 It is recognized that organizations may have in place aninternal format for the storag
6、e and retrieval of radiologicalexamination data. This guide should not impede the use of suchformats since it is probable that the necessary fields are alreadyincluded in such internal data bases, or that the few additionscan easily be made. The numerical listing and its orderindicated in this guide
7、 is only for convenience; the specificnumbers and their order carry no inherent significance and arenot part of the data file.1.3 The types of radiological examination systems thatappear useful in relation to this guide include radioscopicsystems as described in Guide E 1000, Practices E 1255,E 1411
8、 and E 2033, and radiographic systems as described inGuide E94and Practices E 748 and E 1742. Many of the termsused are defined in Terminology E 1316.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this
9、standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination2E 748 Practices for Thermal Neutron Radiography of Ma-terials2E 1000 Guide for Radio
10、scopy2E 1255 Practice for Radioscopy2E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations2E 1411 Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic Systems2E 1416 Test Method for Radioscopic Examination of Weld-ments2E 1742 Practice for Radiographic Examination2E 2033 Practice for Computed Radiology (Photostim
11、ulableLuminescence Method)23. Significance and Use3.1 The primary use of this guide is to provide a standard-ized approach for the data file to be used for the transfer ofdigital radiological data from one user to another where the twousers are working with dissimilar systems. This guide de-scribes
12、the contents, both required and optional for an inter-mediate data file that can be created from the native format ofthe radiological system on which the data was collected andthat can be converted into the native format of the receivingradiological data analysis system. The development of transla-t
13、or software to accomplish these data format conversions isbeing addressed under a separate effort; this will includespecific items needed for the data transfer, for example,language used, memory requirements, and intermediate speci-fication. This guide will also be useful in the archival storageand
14、retrieval of radiological data as either a data formatspecifier or as a guide to the data elements which should beincluded in the archival file.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.11 on DigitalIma
15、ging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE).Current edition approved July 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originallypublished as E 1475 92. Last previous edition E 1475 97.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
16、0, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.TABLE 1 Field ListingField NumberAField Name and Description Category Sets, Values and UnitsBHeader Information:1C,DIntermediate file name Alphanumeric string2C,DFormat revision code Alphanumeric string3C,DFormat revision date yy/mm/dd4C,DSource fil
17、e name Alphanumeric string5 Examination file description notes Alphanumeric string6C,DExamining company/location Alphanumeric string7C,DExamination date yy/mm/dd8 Examination time hh/mm/ss9C,DType of examination Alphanumeric string10 Other examinations performed Alphanumeric string11C,DOperator name
18、 Alphanumeric string12C,DOperator identification code Alphanumeric string13C,DASTM, ISO or other applicable standard specification Alphanumeric string14 Date of applicable standard yy/mm/dd15C,DAcceptance criteria Alphanumeric string16 Notes Alphanumeric stringExamination System Description:17 Exami
19、nation system manufacturer(s) Alphanumeric string18 Examination system model Alphanumeric string19 Examination system serial number Alphanumeric stringSource Section:20C,DRadiologic source manufacturer Alphanumeric string21C,DRadiological source model Alphanumeric string22 General source description
20、 Alphanumeric string23 Last calibration date Alphanumeric string24 Notes on source section Alphanumeric stringImage Receptor Section:25C,DReceptor type Alphanumeric string26C,DConvertor type Alphanumeric string27 Receptor manufacturer Alphanumeric string28 Receptor model number Alphanumeric string29
21、C,DNotes on receptor section Alphanumeric stringExposure Section:30C,DPeak radiation energy used, or kV31C,DIsotope source (use either 30 or 31) Alphanumeric string32 Tube current mA33 Radiation dosage rate mR/min34 Radiation exposure time min35CSource-detector distance (SDD) m36CSource-object dista
22、nce (SOD) m37CImage magnification of source side of examination object %38DNotes on exposure section Alphanumeric stringProcessing Section (Film/Paper):39EProcess description Automated or manual40EProcess method Wet or dry41 Processor type Alphanumeric string42 Processor model number Alphanumeric st
23、ring43 Notes on processor section Alphanumeric stringImage Processing Description:44C,DImage processing used for image data Alphanumeric string45 Image processor hardware manufacturer Alphanumeric string46 Image processor hardware model Alphanumeric string47 Image processor software source Alphanume
24、ric string48 Image processor software version Alphanumeric string49DPixel resolution Pixels per cm50 Notes on image processor Alphanumeric stringExamination Sample or Part Description:51CSample or part name Alphanumeric string52 Sample or part name description Alphanumeric string53CSample or part id
25、entification code Alphanumeric string54CSample or part material Alphanumeric string55 Notes on sample or part Alphanumeric string56CNumber of image segments for sample Integer number57CReference standard identification Alphanumeric string58 Reference standard description Alphanumeric string59CRefere
26、nce standard file name Alphanumeric string60 Reference standard file location Alphanumeric stringCoordinate System and Scan Description:61FMachine coordinate system scan axis Alphanumeric string62FMachine coordinate system index axis Alphanumeric stringE1475022Field NumberAField Name and Description
27、 Category Sets, Values and UnitsB63FMachine coordinate system z-axis Alphanumeric string64FPart coordinate system x-axis Alphanumeric string65FPart coordinate system y-axis Alphanumeric string66FPart coordinate system z-axis Alphanumeric string67 Number of object target points Integer number68 Objec
28、t target point number Integer number69 Object target point description Alphanumeric string70 Object target point x-axis Alphanumeric string71 Object target point y-axis Alphanumeric string72 Object target point z-axis Alphanumeric string73 Description of data plane projection Alphanumeric string74 N
29、otes on coordinate system Alphanumeric stringMeasurement Parameters:75CMinimum value of data Integer76CMaximum value of data Integer77CDynamic range resolution Number of bits78C,DData scale Linear, logarithmic, define scale79ERelationship between film optical density and digital value Mathematical r
30、elationship between filmdensity and digital value; range ofdensity covered (04, 0.54.5, etc.)80C,DDynamic range implemented Detected exposure range covered bygray scale of each pixel in imagedata file. Expressed as decades ofexposure latitude (1.6, 2, 4, etc.)Industrial film/screen/chemistrysystems
31、are typically 281CPhysical spacing of the digitization interval at the image receptor Scans/mm (100 m, 80 m, 50 m, 25m, etc.)82CData recording format Alphanumeric stringExamination Results:83 Discontinuity location Alphanumeric string84 Discontinuity description Alphanumeric string85 Disposition Acc
32、ept, reject or repair86 Notes on examination results Alphanumeric string87 Image segment number Integer number88 Image segment description Alphanumeric string89 Image segment location Alphanumeric string90 Image segment orientation Alphanumeric string91 Annotation Alphanumeric string92 Notes on the
33、data (including notes on compression) Alphanumeric string93 Total number of data points Integer number94 Actual stream of radiologic data Real numberAField numbers are for reference only. They do not imply a necessity to include all these fields in any specific database nor imply a requirement that
34、fields used be inthis particular order.BUnits listed first are SI; those in parentheses are inch-pound (English).CDenotes essential field for computerization of examination results, regardless of examination method.DDenotes essential field for radiographic examination.EDenotes essential field for ra
35、diographic examination.FDenotes essential field for radioscopic examination.3.2 Although the recommended field listing includes morethan 90 field numbers, only about half of those are regarded asessential and are marked Footnote C in Table 1. Fields somarked must be included in the data base. The ot
36、her fieldsrecommended provide additional information that a user willfind helpful in understanding the radiological image andexamination result. These header field items will, in mostcases, make up only a very small part of a radiologicalexamination file. The actual stream of radiological data thatm
37、ake up the image will take up the largest part of the data base.Since a radiological image file will normally be large, theconcept of data compression will be considered in many cases.Compressed data should be noted, along with a description ofthe compression method, as indicated in Field No. 92 (se
38、eTable 1).3.3 This guide provides a data file for a single image. It isrecognized that a complete examination record may containseveral files for the same examination method in differentareas, with or without image processing, for different exami-nation methods, and for variations within a single me
39、thod (forexample, different x-ray energies). This file will permit theexamination of a single image and will include informationabout the existence of other images and records for theexamined object. This single image may be one created byoverlaying or processing results from multiple examinationapp
40、roaches, for example, data fusion. For such images, thenotes sections must clearly state how the image for this file wascreated.E14750234. Description of the Field Listings4.1 Table 1 is a recommended field format for the comput-erized storage, retrieval and transfer of radiological imageexamination
41、 data. There are three columns of information, asindicated in 4.1.1-4.1.3:4.1.1 Field NumberA reference number for ease of deal-ing with the individual fields within this guide. It has nopermanent value and does not become part of the data baseitself.4.1.2 Field Name and DescriptionThe complete name
42、 ofthe field, descriptive of the element of information that wouldbe included in this field of the data base.4.1.3 Category Sets, Values or UnitsA listing of the typesof information which would be included in the field or the unitsin which the numbers are expressed. Category sets are closed(that is,
43、 complete) sets containing all possible (or acceptable)inputs to the field. Values are representative sets, listing sample(but not necessarily all acceptable) inputs to the field.4.2 The information for reporting radiological examinationresults is divided into eleven segments, as follows:4.2.1 Heade
44、r information,4.2.2 Examination system description,4.2.3 Source description,4.2.4 Image receptor,4.2.5 Exposure,4.2.6 Processing,4.2.7 Image processing description,4.2.8 Examination sample or part description,4.2.9 Coordinate system and scan description,4.2.10 Measurement parameters, and4.2.11 Exami
45、nation results.4.3 Additional explanations for selected fields are given inSection 5.5. Explanation of Fields5.1 Field Number, Name, and Description:5.1.1 Field No. 1: Intermediate File NameName of thedata base file containing all of the information to follow. Thisis the archive or transfer file its
46、elf.5.1.2 Field No. 6: Examining Company/LocationThe le-gal name/location of the company which performed the radio-logic examination.5.1.3 Field No. 9: Type of ExaminationRadiographic,radioscopic, other; x-ray, gamma ray, neutron, other.5.1.4 Field No. 10: Other Examinations PerformedOtherNDT examin
47、ations, ultrasonic, liquid penetrant, etc.5.1.5 Field No. 17: System Manufacturer.5.1.6 Field No. 18: System ModelRepeat for each system.5.1.7 Field No. 19: Serial NumberRepeat for each sys-tem.5.1.8 Field No. 25: Receptor TypeFilm/screens, imageintensifier, etc.5.1.9 Field No. 26: Convertor TypeLea
48、d screen, gado-linium oxysulfide screen cesium iodide scintillator, etc.5.1.10 Field No. 29: Notes on Receptor SectionSpecificfilm type or other receptor.5.1.11 Field No. 38: Notes on ExposureAdditional usefulinformation (for example, filtration, double-wall technique,128 frame integration, etc.).5.
49、1.12 Field No. 43: Notes on ProcessorAdditional usefulinformation (for example, cycle, time/temperature data, etc.).5.1.13 Field No. 44: Imaging Processing UsedFrameintegration (No.), edge enhancement, histogram equalization,subtraction, etc.5.1.14 Field No. 50: Notes on Image ProcessorAdditionaluseful information (for example, algorithms/transforms, lumi-nance range, etc.).5.1.15 Field No. 55: Notes on Sample and PartAnyservice data available for the article including flight hours,aircraft assignments, and special incidents, such as impacts,collisions, hail st
