1、Designation: D 6092 97 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Practice forSpecifying Standard Sizes of Stone for Erosion Control1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6092; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers size designations and maximumranges in mass or gradation for standard sizes for riprap, spa
3、lls,or bedding, or both, used for slope protection of dam embank-ments, streambank erosion control, bridge piers and abutments.Sizes used for outer harbor structures such as breakwalls,revetments, confined diked disposal structures (heretoforedescribed as armor stone, cover stone, or dimension stone
4、) forwhich stone sizes range between 5 and 25 tons, or that requirecut dimensions for layed-up structures are beyond the scope ofthis practice.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does
5、 not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This practice offers an organized
6、 collection of informa-tion or a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action. This document cannot replace education orexperience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable inall circumstances. This ASTM sta
7、ndard is not intended torepresent or replace the standard of care by which theadequacy of a given professional service must be judged, norshould this document be applied without consideration of aprojects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in thetitle of this document means only that the docum
8、ent has beenapproved through the ASTM consensus process.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluids2D 4992 Practice for Evaluation of Rock to be Used forErosion Control2D 5519 Test Method for Particle Size Analysis of Naturaland Manmade Rip
9、rap Materials23. Terminology3.1 Definitions: Definitions of other terms in this guide arelisted in Terminology D 653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 filter/bedding stonestone, filter stone consisting ofcrushed stone ranging in size from34 in. (19 mm) to number 40sieve size,
10、and bedding stone (often referred to as “spalls”)consisting of crushed stone ranging in size from 6 in. (152 mm)(maximum) to12 in. (12.7 mm) minimum. Filter and beddingmay be placed in two layers beneath the riprap, that is, a filterlayer 8 to 10 in. (203 to 254 mm) thick and a bedding thicknessof 6
11、 to 8 in. (152 to 203 mm).3.2.2 geotextilessuitable geotextile fabrics that meet thedesign requirements may be used instead of the above beddingand spalls. Suitable cover thickness maybe required.3.2.3 gradationthe proportions by mass of stones distrib-uted within specified ranges between maximum an
12、d minimumlimits.3.2.4 riprapstone materials generally less than two tonsin weight, specially selected and graded, and when properlyplaced prevents erosion through minor wave action, or strongcurrents and thereby preserves the shape of a surface, slope, orthe underlying structure.3.2.5 standard size
13、designationone of a group of stoneswith specified gradation limits.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The design team shall establish the size of the mass ofgraded quarry stone using acceptable design criteria. If designcriteria and economic factors permit, standard gradationsshown in the designated tables s
14、hould be selected. Usingstandard sizes, the design team shall select the appropriategradation; this might require the next larger size therebycreating an over-designed structure, but economically, acheaper structure. Added cost may result due to the increasedvolume of stone required, and in transpor
15、ting and placing theadditional stone at the project site. The cost effectiveness of1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.17 on Rock for ErosionControl.Current edition approved March 10, 1997. Published May
16、1997.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.using “standard grading” versus “non-standard gradings” al-ways should be evaluated, and standard gradations usedwhenever possible.5. Sign
17、ificance and Use5.1 The standard size designations listed in this practice areprovided so that the design team, consumer, and the producerhave a common reference in sizing stone materials used inerosion control. The design team should perform a materialssurvey, and subsequent testing to determine wh
18、ich quarrysources may have suitable in-place rock and perform suitableblasting and processing procedures to produce the requiredgradations. The design team must recognize the fact that not allsources are capable or willing to produce the required grada-tions. Only those sources listed by the design
19、team should beconsidered for construction of the project.5.2 The standard size designations provided in this guide aresuitable for protective surfacing and structures designed forerosion control. These sizes are for typical structures such asjetties, revetments, groin baffles, bulkheads, lining ford
20、rainage/irrigation ditches and for intake or outlet facilities,bridges and stream channel banks, gabions, and slope protec-tion for earth embankment and rock-fill dams.5.3 The design selection of stone sizes, durability, place-ment, filter/bedding materials, or geotextiles, steepness ofslopes for pl
21、acement, and layer thickness are beyond the scopeof this guide.6. Manufacture6.1 The standard size designations of quarried stone forerosion control in this guide may be produced by any suitablecommercial quarrying method, and by the use of any type ofsizing device, shape or size of plant grizzly or
22、 screen openings,or combinations thereof, necessary to produce the requiredsizes within the gradation limits specified in Section 6.6.2 Stones shall be hard, angular to subangular, and of suchquality that they will not disintergrate on exposure to water orweathering during the designed life of the s
23、tructure. The stoneshall be free from fractures, shale partings, deleterious mate-rials, and overburden soil (including clays from sink structures,that is, chimneys and stopes). The design team shall specifyacceptance criteria based on the requirements for the individualTABLE 1 Standard Sizes for Ri
24、prapASize Designation R-1500 R-700 R-300 R-150 R-60 R-20Particle Mass Percent Lighter Than the Mass SpecifiedBPounds (Kilogram)C3000 (1400) 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1500 (680) 50 to 100 100 . . . . . . . . . . . .1000 (450) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .700 (320) 15 to 50 50 to 100 100
25、. . . . . . . . .500 (230) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300 (140) . . . 15 to 50 50 to 100 100 . . . . . .250 (110) 0to15 . . . . .150 (68) . . . . . . 15 to 50 50 to 100 100 . . .60 (27) . . . 0 to 15 . . . 15 to 50 50 to 100 . . .45 (20) . . . . . . 0 to 15 . . . . . . 10030 (14) . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . . 15 to 50 . . .20 (9.1) . . . . . . . . . 0 to 15 . . . 50 to 10010 (4.5) . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 to 15 15 to 502 (0.9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 to 15ARevised Nov 14, 1995, and modified to conform to the gradations proposed by the producers and the National Crushed Stone Associa
27、tion.BEstablished by determining the mass of the individual stone particles.CRounded to two figures from conversion of inch-pound (U.S. Customary) units.TABLE 2 Effect of Specific Gravity on the Weight of Stone of Various Shapes (Pounds)MaximumDimension, in.Cube SphereSpecific Gravity Specific Gravi
28、ty. . . 2.60 2.65 2.70 2.75 2.60 2.65 2.70 2.7542 6950 7090 7225 7350 3640 3712 3780 385030 2535 2584 2635 2680 1325 1353 1380 140520 750 766 780 390 390 401 410 41512 160 165 168 172 85 87 88 906 20 20.5 21 21.5 10 11 11 11Prolate Sphere Average of Cube and SphereSpecific Gravity Specific Gravity.
29、. . 2.60 2.65 2.70 2.75 2.60 2.65 2.70 2.7542 3238 3300 3362 3424 5300 5401 5500 560030 1180 1202.5 1225 1248 1930 1968 2005 284520 350 356 363 370 570 583 595 40512 75 77 78 80 123 126 128 1316 9.4 9.6 9.8 10 15 16 16 16D 6092 97 (2003)2project. Additional guidance may be found in Practice D 4992an
30、d Test Method D 5519.7. Standard Sizes7.1 Standard size designations of stone for erosion controlare defined on the basis of mass or equivalent sieve size. Thesizes are separated into riprap R-1500 through R-20 andfilter/bedding stone FS-1 and FS-2 and spalls FS-3.7.1.1 Graded stone sizes are shown
31、on Table 1, and arebased on mass.7.1.2 Equivalent dimensions are not shown. Any calculateddimensions would have to assume shapes such as a cube, asphere, an prolate sphere, or a combination of shapes. Table 2provides additional information on converting to approximatedimensions for graded stone.7.1.
32、3 Gradation curves for each stone size are presented inFigs. 1-9.7.1.4 Filter/bedding stone sizes are shown in Figs. 7-9.7.2 The stone shall be reasonably well-graded and fallwithin the limits of the gradation curve for each size designa-tion. Gradation test results that begin on the coarse side of
33、thecurve and end up on the fine side of the curve are consideredas “skip-graded” and will not be accepted.8. Keywords8.1 erosion control; filter/bedding stone; gradation; quarriedstone; riprap; standard size designationD 6092 97 (2003)3NOTE 1Gradations curves for each of the riprap types are plotted
34、 on the following pages. Test results for each gradation performed in the field should be plotted on the appropriate curve.Acceptable products will plot somewhat parallel to the gradation limits. Test results of the products that start on the coarse side of the curve and end on the finer side of the
35、 curve shall be deemedas skip graded and are unacceptable.FIG. 1 Gradation Limits for Riprap R-1500D609297(2003)4FIG.2GradationLimitsforRiprapR-700D 6092 97 (2003)5FIG.3GradationCurveforRiprapR-300D 6092 97 (2003)6FIG.4GradationLimitsforRiprapR-150D 6092 97 (2003)7FIG.5GradationLimitsforRiprapR-60D
36、6092 97 (2003)8FIG.6GradationLimitsforRiprapR-20D 6092 97 (2003)9FIG.7GradationLimitsforBeddingFS-1D 6092 97 (2003)10FIG.8GradationLimitsforBeddingFS-2D 6092 97 (2003)11FIG.9GradationLimitsforSpallsFS-3D 6092 97 (2003)12ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent right
37、s asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any t
38、ime by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will
39、 receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM
40、 International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 6092 97 (2003)13
