1、Designation: D665 12D665 14Designation: 135/06Standard Test Method forRust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil inthe Presence of Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D665; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Sco
3、pe*1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the ability of inhibited mineral oils, particularly steam-turbine oils, to aid inpreventing the rusting of ferrous parts should water become mixed with the oil. This test method is also used for testing other oils,such as hydraulic oils and circulatin
4、g oils. Provision is made in the procedure for testing heavier-than-water fluids.NOTE 1For synthetic fluids, such as phosphate ester types, the plastic holder and beaker cover should be made of a chemically resistant material,such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).chemically resistant material suita
5、ble for the type of fluid tested.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the use
6、r of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.47.4 6.67.6.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finish
7、edA240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels andfor General ApplicationsD91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating OilsD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by
8、Viscosity SystemD3603 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of SteamTurbine Oil in the Presence ofWater (Horizontal Disk Method)D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers2.2 Other Documents:Motor Fuels, Secti
9、on I, Annex A2, Table 32, Reference Materials and Blending Accessories3Specifications-IP Standard Thermometers, Vol 2, Appendix A4Specifications for IP Standard Reference Liquids, Appendix B4SAE Standard J405 Chemical Composition of SAE Wrought Stainless Steels5BS 871 Specification for abrasive pape
10、rs and cloths41 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.C0.02 on Corrosion and Water/Air Separability.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012Oct. 1, 2014. Published
11、 March 2013November 2014. Originally approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 asD665D665 12.-06. DOI: 10.1520/D0665-12.10.1520/D0665-14.This standard has been developed through the cooperative effort between ASTM International and the Energy Institute, London. The EI and ASTM Int
12、ernational logosimply that the ASTM International and EI standards are technically equivalent, but does not imply that both standards are editorially identical.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
13、ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 See 1996 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04.4 Annual Book of IP Standard Methods for Analysis and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products, Vol 2.Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavend
14、ish St., London,WIG 7AR, U.K.5 1995 SAE Handbook, Vol 1. Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been ma
15、de to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A
16、Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1BS 970 Part 1: Carbon and Carbon Manganese Steels Including Free Cutting Steels43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Speci
17、fic to This Standard:3.1.1 rust, na special case of corrosion that can be visually observed on the surface of round steel test rods as reddish-browndiscoloration or small black spots.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A mixture of 300 mL of the oil under test is stirred with 30 mL of distilled water or sy
18、nthetic sea water, as required, at atemperature of 60 C 6 1C1 C with a cylindrical steel test rod completely immersed therein. It is recommended to run the testfor 4 h; however, the test period may, at the discretion of the contracting parties, be for a shorter or longer period. The test rodis obser
19、ved for signs of rusting and, if desired, degree of rusting.NOTE 2Until 1999 it was customary to run the test for 24 h. A round robin with comparisons of different test times showed that no statisticallysignificant differences in rating were found for any sample, between the 44 h and 24 h results.65
20、. Significance and Use5.1 In many instances, such as in the gears of a steam turbine, water can become mixed with the lubricant, and rusting of ferrousparts can occur. This test indicates how well inhibited mineral oils aid in preventing this type of rusting. This test method is alsoused for testing
21、 hydraulic and circulating oils, including heavier-than-water fluids. It is used for specification of new oils andmonitoring of in-service oils.NOTE 3This test method was used as a basis for Test Method D3603. Test Method D3603 is used to test the oil on separate horizontal and verticaltest rod surf
22、aces, and can provide a more discriminating evaluation.6. Apparatus6.1 Oil BathA thermostatically controlled liquid bath capable of maintaining the test sample at a temperature of 6060 C 61C1 C (see Note 4). An oil having a viscosity of approximately ISO VG 32 (see Classification D2422) is suitable
23、for the bath.The bath shall have a cover with holes to accommodate the test beakers.NOTE 4ASTM Thermometer 9C, as prescribed in Specification E1, or IP Thermometer 21C in accordance with IP Standard Thermometers, Volume2, Appendix A, is suitable to indicate the temperature. Alternatively, calibrated
24、 thermocouples may be used.6.2 BeakerA 400-mL, Berzelius-type, tall-form heat-resistant glass beaker without pourout,pour-out, as shown in Fig. 1,approximately 127 mm in height measured from the inside bottom center and approximately 70 mm) in mm inside diametermeasured at the middle.6.3 Beaker Cove
25、rA flat beaker cover of glass or poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (Note 5), kept in position by suitablemeans such as a rim or groove. Two holes shall be provided on any diameter of the cover; one for a stirrer 12 mm in diameterwith its center 6.4 mm from the center of the cover; and the other, on
26、the opposite side of the center of the cover, for the test rodassembly (see Section 89), 18 mm in diameter with its center 16 mm from the center of the cover. In addition, a third hole 12 mmin diameter shall be provided for a temperature measuring device, with its center 22.5 mm from the center of t
27、he cover and on adiameter of the cover at right angles to the diameter through the other two holes.NOTE 5An inverted petri dish makes a suitable cover, as the sides of the dish aid in keeping it in position. Fig. 2 shows a PMMA resin cover forthe beaker which has been found to be suitable. An option
28、al feature is shown, consisting of a slot, 1.6 mm by 27 mm, which is centered on a diameterof the stirrer hole at right angles to the cover diameter through the test rod hole and stirrer hole. This feature allows withdrawal of the stirrer while thebeaker cover is in place. When the test method test
29、is used for other fluids such as synthetics, the beaker cover should be made from chemically resistantmaterial such as polymonochlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE).6.4 The plastic holder shall be made of PMMA resin in accordance with the dimensions shown in Fig. 3 (two types of holdersare illustrated). W
30、hen testing synthetic fluids, the plastic holder should be made from chemically resistant material such aspolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).6.5 StirrerAstirrer constructed entirely from stainless steel (Note 6 and Note 7) in the form of an invertedT.Aflat blade 25(25by 6 6) mm by 0.6 mm shall be attach
31、ed to a 6-mm rod rod with a diameter of 6 mm in such a way that the blade is symmetricalwith the rod and has its flat surface in the vertical plane.NOTE 6A suitable material is an 18 % chromium, 8 % nickel alloy steel conforming to Type 304, of Specification A240/A240M, or SAE No. 30304(see SAE J405
32、), or BS 970: Part 1: 1983: 302S31.NOTE 7If stainless steel is not obtainable, stirrers made of heat-resistant glass and having approximately the same dimensions as the stainless steelstirrers specified can be used.6 Supporting data (results of the cooperative test program with modified test duratio
33、n) have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained byrequesting Research Report RR:D02-1474.D665 1426.6 Stirring ApparatusAny convenient form of stirring apparatus capable of maintaining a speed of 1000 r/min 6 5050 rrpm.min.6.7 Grinding and Polishing Equipment EquipmentA CAMI
34、 150-grit (99-m) 150 grit (99 m) and a CAMI 240-grit(53.5-m) 240 grit (53.5 m) in accordance with BS 871 or its equivalent, metalworking aluminum oxide abrasive cloth coat ona jeans backing (the corresponding European grades (FEPA) are P150J and P280J, respectively), a suitable chuck (see Fig. 4) fo
35、rholding the test rod, and a means of rotating the test rod at a speed of 1700 r/min to 1800 rpm.r/min.NOTE 8CAMI (CoatedAbrasives Manufacturers Institute) is a United States organization and FEPA(Federation of European Producers ofAbrasives)is a European organization.FIG. 1 Rusting Test ApparatusD6
36、65 1436.8 Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of 65C.65 C.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that allreagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the
37、 American Chemical Society where suchspecifications are available.7 Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purityto permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.7.2 Purity of Water Unless otherwise indicated, referenc
38、es to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined byType II of Specification D1193.7 Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed bythe American Chemical Society, see Anal
39、ar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and NationalFormulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.FIG. 2 Beaker CoverD665 144FIG. 3 Test Rod and HoldersD665 1457.3 The synthetic sea water shall have the following
40、 composition:Salt g/LSaltNaCl 24.54 g/LMgCl26H2O 11.10 g/LNa2SO4 4.09 g/LCaCl2 1.16CaCl22H2O 1.54 g/LKCl 0.69 g/LNaHCO3 0.20 g/LKBr 0.10 g/LH3BO3 0.03 g/LSrCl26H2O 0.04 g/LNaF 0.003NaF 0.04 g/L7.3.1 The solution can be conveniently prepared as follows. This procedure avoids any precipitation in conc
41、entrated solutionswith subsequent uncertainty of complete resolution. Using certified pure (cp) chemicals and distilled water, prepare the followingstock solutions:Stock Solution No. 1:MgCl26H2O 3885 gCaCl2 (anhydrous) 406 gCaCl22H2O 538 gSrCl26H2O 14 gDissolve and dilute to 7 LStock Solution No. 2:
42、KCl 483 gNaHCO3 140 gKBr 70 gH3BO3 21 gNaF 2.1 gDissolve and dilute to 7 L7.3.2 To prepare the synthetic sea water, dissolve 245.4 g of NaCl and 40.94 g of Na2SO4 in a few litres of distilled water, add200 mL of Stock Solution No. 1 and 100 mL of Stock Solution No. 2 and dilute to 10 L. Stir the 10-
43、L batch L, stir and add 0.1N Na2CO3 solution until the pH is between 7.8 and 8.2. One or two millilitres of the carbonate solution will be required.FIG. 4 Chuck for Polishing Test RodsD665 1467.4 Precipitation Naphtha, as specified in Test Method D91. (WarningFlammable. Health hazard.)7.5 Isooctane,
44、 as specified in Motor Fuels, Section I, Annex A2, Table 32, Reference Materials and Blending Accessories.(WarningFlammable. Health hazard.)7.6 IP 60/80 Petroleum Spirit, as specified by IP Standard Reference Liquids, Appendix B. (WarningFlammable. Healthhazard.)7.7 Steel Test Rod, as specified in S
45、ection 89.8. Sampling8.1 Sample for this test can come from tanks, drums, small containers, or even operating equipment, and they should be trulyrepresentative of the entire quantity. Therefore, use the applicable apparatus and techniques described in Practice D4057, or othercomparable standard prac
46、tice.9. Test Rod and Its Preparation9.1 For each test oil, prepare two steel test rods. These may either be new or from a previous test (see Note 9) and shall beprepared in accordance with 8.29.2 and 8.39.3.9.2 The test rod assembly shall consist of a round steel test rod fitted to a plastic holder.
47、 The round steel test rod, when new,shall be 12.7 mm in diameter and approximately 68 mm in length exclusive of the threaded portion which screws into the plasticholder and shall be tapered at one end as shown in Fig. 3. It shall be made of steel conforming to Grade 10180 of SpecificationA108 or to
48、BS 970 Part I: 1983-070M20. If these steels are not available, other equivalent steels may be used, provided they arefound to be satisfactory by comparative test using this Test Method D665 IP 135.NOTE 9When making a check test, the steel test rod that showed rust should not be reused. Test rods tha
49、t repeatedly show rust in tests of variousoils can be imperfect. Such test rods should be used with oils known to pass the test. If rusting occurs in repeat tests, these test rods should be discarded.9.3 Preliminary GrindingIf the test rod has been used previously and is free of rust or other irregularities, the preliminarygrinding may be omitted, and it may be subjected only to final polishing as prescribed in 8.49.4. If the test rod is new or if anypart of its surface shows rust or other irregularities, clean it with ASTM pre
