1、Designation: D 1084 08Standard Test Methods forViscosity of Adhesives1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1084; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses in
2、dicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. These test methods replace Method 4021 or FederalTest Method Standard No. 175a.1. Scope1
3、.1 These test methods cover the determination of theviscosity of free-flowing adhesives.1.1.1 The limitation of this test method to self-levelingadhesives eliminates thixotropic and plastic materials whoseviscosity is a function of the rate of stirring and previoushistory of the adhesive.1.2 The val
4、ues stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety
5、 and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D88 Test Method for Saybolt ViscosityD115 Test Methods for Testing Solvent Containing Var-nishes Used for Electrical InsulationD 562 Test Method for Consistency of
6、 Paints MeasuringKrebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscom-eterD 907 Terminology of AdhesivesD 1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity CupD 1545 Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquidsby Bubble Time MethodD 1601 Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Eth-ylene Pol
7、ymersD 2556 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of AdhesivesHaving Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties2.2 ISO Document:3ISO 2555 Plastics Resins in the Liquid State or asEmulsions or Dispersions Determination of ApparentViscosity by the Brookfield Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms i
8、n these test methods aredefined in Terminology D 907.3.1.1 viscosity, nof a liquid, the resistance to flow ex-pressed as the ratio of the applied stress to the resulting rate ofshearing strain (see Newtonian behavior and thixotropy).(Compare consistency.)3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Sta
9、ndard:3.2.1 viscosity, nthe ratio of shear stress to shear rate. Theviscosity of a liquid is a measure of the internal friction of theliquid in motion. The unit of dynamic viscosity is the poise,which is expressed as dyne-seconds per square centimetre. Fora Newtonian liquid, the viscosity is constan
10、t at all shear rates.For a non-Newtonian liquid, viscosity will vary depending onshear rate.4. Significance and Use4.1 Several test methods are noted for viscosity determina-tion of Newtonian and near Newtonian flow characteristics.(For adhesives not fitting into this category, Test MethodD 2556 sho
11、uld be considered.) Four test methods are coveredas follows:4.1.1 Method A is applicable only to adhesives that willdeliver 50 mL in a steady uninterrupted stream from one of thecups described in Section 5.4.1.2 Method B is intended for measuring the viscosity ofadhesives covering a range from 0.05
12、Pasto200Pas(50 to 200 000 cP) and is limited to materials that have orapproach Newtonian flow characteristics.4.1.3 Method C is intended primarily as a control methodfor determining the viscosity of adhesives that have or ap-proach Newtonian flow characteristics.1These test methods are under the jur
13、isdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.10 on WorkingProperties.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originallyapproved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 1084 97 (2005).2For referenced ASTM standa
14、rds, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor,
15、New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.4 Method D is intended primarily as a control methodfor determining the viscosity of materials that have an equiva-lent viscosity no greater t
16、han approximately 3000 cP and islimited to materials that have or approach Newtonian flowcharacteristics.TEST METHOD A5. Apparatus5.1 The apparatus (Fig. 1) consists of a set of four viscositycups so designed as to deliver 50 mL of the sample in from 30to 100 s at a temperature of 23 6 0.5C (73.4 6
17、0.9F).5.1.1 Four consistency cups constitute a set as follows:Diameter of Orifice, in.First Cup 0.07 6 0.0001Second cup 0.10 6 0.0001Third cup 0.15 6 0.0001Fourth cup 0.25 6 0.00015.1.2 Cups made of brass or bronze. Orifice disks made of18 % Chromium, 8 % Nickel stainless steel. The diameter ofthe O
18、rifice pressed in the cup shall be stamped on the cup5.1.3 Fractional dimensions subject to permissible varia-tions of 60.01 in., unless otherwise specified.6. Procedure6.1 Bring the sample to be tested and the viscosity cup to atemperature of 23 6 0.5C (73.4 6 0.9F) (preferably in aconstant-tempera
19、ture room). Then mount the consistency cupin the clamp provided for the purpose and place the receivingcylinder in position. With the outlet of the cup closed by meansof the finger, pour the sample into the cup until it is filled tooverflowing. Strike off the excess with a straightedge, and thenremo
20、ve the finger from over the outlet and allow the sample toflow into the receiving cylinder. Determine the number ofseconds from the time the finger is removed from the orificeuntil the top of the meniscus reaches to 50-mL mark on thecylinder by a stop watch and record as the viscosity of thematerial
21、.7. Report7.1 Report the following:7.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested, includ-ing type, source, manufacturers code numbers, form, date oftest, date of manufacture, etc.,7.1.2 Conditioning procedure used for samples prior totesting,7.1.3 Number of tests made, and7.1.4 Average consis
22、tency in seconds and the number of theviscosity cup used.TEST METHOD B8. Procedure8.1 Refer to ISO 2555 for this test method.TEST METHOD C9. Apparatus9.1 ViscometerA Stormer viscosimeter with double flagpaddle-type rotor as specified in Test Method D 562,oranAll dimensions are in mmFIG. 1 Consistenc
23、y Cups and Apparatus Assembly(Test Method A)D1084082equivalent apparatus, in good repair and a spindle that spinsfreely when started without the paddle.9.2 ContainersRound friction-top metal cans having acapacity of 1 qt (0.9 L). Nonstandard containers may be usedby mutual agreement, when necessary
24、to prevent corrosion orother deleterious effects of metal cans.9.3 ThermometerA precision thermometer with gradua-tions not greater than 0.2C (0.36F) divisions.9.4 TimerA stop watch or suitable timer measuring to0.2 s.10. Procedure10.1 ConditioningBring the containers holding thesamples to be tested
25、 and the paddle to be used to a temperatureof 23 6 0.5C (73.4F) (preferably in a constant-temperatureroom), and maintain the sample uniformly at this standardtemperature throughout the test. Protect adhesives containingvolatile solvents from evaporation during conditioning. Ifspecial conditioning me
26、thods are necessary, such as the use ofa circulating water bath. Report this in 11.1.2.10.2 AdjustmentPrepare the instrument for use by raisingthe weight to the top by winding up the cord with the ratchetprovided for that purpose. Set the revolution counter at 10revolutions below the zero mark. Use
27、a falling weight of suchmagnitude that a minimum time of 20 s is required for 100revolutions of the paddle when the test is conducted asspecified in 10.2. Choose the weight from the series 50, 100,200, 500, and 1000 g. Fasten the paddle securely on the shaft,place the container on the platform, and
28、raise until the surfaceof the adhesive just reaches the mark on the stem of the paddle.This ensures uniform depth of immersion of the paddle.10.3 DeterminationRelease the brake on the large cogwheel, and start the timing device when the needle on therevolution counter passes the zero mark. Note the
29、time for 100revolutions accurately to the closest 0.2 s. Make a minimum ofthree determinations.11. Report11.1 Report the following:11.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested, in-cluding type, source, manufacturers code numbers, form, dateof test, date of manufacture, etc.,11.1.2 Condition
30、ing procedure employed, including timeelapsed between various operations used in the preparation ofthe adhesive mix,11.1.3 Details of nonstandard containers, if used,11.1.4 Temperature of the sample at the conclusion of thetest,11.1.5 Weight used,11.1.6 Number of tests made, and11.1.7 Average viscos
31、ity in seconds for 100 revolutions,together with the range of the observations.TEST METHOD D12. Apparatus12.1 The apparatus (Fig. 2) consists of a set of five Zahnviscosity cups so designed as to allow a sample to flow throughthe calibrated orifice in approximately 1 min or less, bestresults being o
32、btained when the flow time is between 20 and40 s.12.1.1 Five viscosity cups constitute a set as follows:Diameter of Orificesin. + 0.0003 mm + 0.0076 0.0002 0.0051First cup 0.0788 2.002Second cup 0.1082 2.748Third cup 0.1487 3.777Fourth cup 0.1684 4.277Fifth cup 0.2072 5.26312.1.2 Cups shall be made
33、of stainless steel, 0.050 in.(1.27 mm) thick. The number of the cup shall be stamped on aplate on the cup.12.2 The following figures are given only for the purpose ofselecting the proper viscometer. They are not intended for usein converting centipoises to Zahn seconds.Orifice Size, in. (mm) Range P
34、a S (Range, cP) Range, Zahns0.0788 (2.002) 0.02 to 0.085 (20 to 85) 40 to 850.1082 (2.748) 0.03 to 0.170 (30 to 170) 20 to 700.1487 (3.777) 0.120 to 0.550 (170 to 550) 25 to 600.1684 (4.277) 0.200 to 0.900 (200 to 900) 20 to 650.2072 (5.263) 0.250 to 1.200 (250 to 1200) 15 to 60(and above) (and abov
35、e)13. Procedure13.1 ConditioningBring the sample of the adhesive andthe cup to a temperature of 23 6 0.5C (73.4 6 0.9F),preferably in a constant-temperature room, and maintain thesample uniformly at this standard temperature throughout thetest. Other temperatures of test are optional. Protect adhesi
36、vescontaining volatile solvents from evaporation during condi-tioning. If special conditioning methods are necessary, such asthe use of a circulating water bath, they shall be specified in14.1.2.13.2 DeterminationHold the viscometer in a vertical po-sition (by means of a small ring at the end of the
37、 handle) andcompletely immerse the cup into the sample being tested. Liftthe viscometer out of the sample (Note 1). Determine by meansof a stop watch the number of seconds from the time the topedge of the viscometer cup breaks the surface until the steadyflow from the orifice first breaks, and recor
38、d this time as theconsistency of the material. Record the temperature of thesample and the number of the cup.NOTE 1Time of removal must be rapid. Unless build-up of adhesiveon the side of the cup occurs, the time of removal should be about 1 s.14. Report14.1 Report the following:14.1.1 Complete iden
39、tification of the adhesive tested, in-cluding type, source, manufacturers code numbers, form, dateof test, date of manufacture, etc.,14.1.2 Conditioning procedure employed for samples priorto testing,14.1.3 Number of tests made, and14.1.4 Average viscosity in seconds and the number of theviscosity c
40、up used.D1084083PRECISION AND BIAS15. Precision and Bias15.1 At the present time there is no basis for a statement ofprecision and bias concerning the reproducibility of resultsamong laboratories.16. Keywords16.1 adhesive; viscosityAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. REFERENCE VISCOSITY METHODSX1.
41、1 Reference viscosity methods giving equipment usedare shown on the following table:Test Method for Refers to Equipment UsedViscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method D 1545 Gardner-Holdt tubesSaybolt Viscosity D88 Saybolt viscometerDilute Solution Viscosity of Ethylene Polymers D 1601 M
42、odified Ubbelohde viscometerViscosity of Paints, Varnishes, and Lacquers by Ford Viscosity Cup D 1200 Ford cupVarnishes Used for Electrical Insulation D115 MacMichael viscosimeterAll dimensions are in mmFIG. 2 Viscosity Cups (Test Method D)D1084084ASTM International takes no position respecting the
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44、subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Head
45、quarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This sta
46、ndard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D1084085
