1、考研英语模拟试卷 65及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Almost exactly a year ago, in a small village in Northern India, Andrea Milliner was bitten on the leg by a dog. “It must have (1)_
2、your nice white flesh“, joked the doctor (2)_ he dressed the wound. Andrea and her husband Nigel were determined not to let it (3)_ their holiday, and thought no more (4)_ the dog, which had meanwhile quietly disappeared (5)_ the village. “We didnt realize there was (6)_ wrong with it,“ says Nigel.
3、“It was such a small, (7)_ dog that rabies didnt (8)_ my mind“. But, six weeks later,23-year-old Andrea was dead. The dog had been rabid. No one had thought it necessary to (9)_ her anti-rabies treatment. When, back home in England, she began to show the classic (10)_ unable to drink, catching her b
4、reath her own doctor put it (11)_ to hysteria. Even when she was (12)_ into an ambulance, hallucinating, recoiling in (13)_ at the sight of water, she was directed (14)_ the nearest mental hospital. But if her symptoms (15)_ little attention in life, in death (16)_ achieved a publicity close to hyst
5、eria. Cases like Andrea are (17)_, but rabies is still one of the most feared diseases known to man. The disease is (18)_ by a bite of a lick from an (19)_ animal. It can, in very exceptional circumstances, be inhaled two scientists died of it after (20)_ bat dung in a cave in Texas. （ A） fancied （
6、B） flashed （ C） flopped （ D） gasped （ A） because （ B） though （ C） if （ D） as （ A） snap （ B） spoil （ C） stray （ D） suit （ A） to （ B） from （ C） about （ D） for （ A） at （ B） in （ C） to （ D） from （ A） nothing （ B） everything （ C） anything （ D） something （ A） likeable （ B） likely （ C） liking （ D） likewise
7、 （ A） change （ B） enter （ C） lose （ D） set （ A） infect （ B） inject （ C） save （ D） give （ A） symptoms （ B） groans （ C） goals （ D） coughs （ A） out （ B） down （ C） up （ D） off （ A） loafed （ B） loaned （ C） loaded （ D） located （ A） pain （ B） worry （ C） terror （ D） cry （ A） for （ B） out of （ C） from （ D） t
8、o （ A） paid （ B） gave （ C） turned （ D） received （ A） they （ B） it （ C） he （ D） she （ A） seldom （ B） rare （ C） scarce （ D） less （ A） transformed （ B） transferred （ C） transmitted （ D） transported （ A） injected （ B） infected （ C） injured （ D） inserted （ A） inhaling （ B） inverting （ C） inheriting （ D）
9、initiating Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Education is not an end, but a means to an end. In other words, we do not educate children only for the aim of educating them. Our purpose is to fit them for lif
10、e. Life is varied; so is education. As soon as we realize the fact, we will understand that it is very important to choose a proper system of education. In some countries with advanced industries, they have free education for all. Under this system, people, no matter whether they are rich or poor, c
11、lever or foolish, have a chance to be educated at universities or colleges. They have for some time thought, by free education for all, they can solve all the problems of a society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough. We find in such countries
12、 a far larger number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill. As a result of their degrees, they refuse to do what they think is “low“ work. In fact, to work with ones hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries. But we have only to think a moment to un
13、derstand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is as important as that of a professor. We can live without education, but we should die if none of us grow crops. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we should get terrible diseases in our towns. If there
14、were no service people, because everyone was ashamed to do such work, the professors would have to waste much of their time doing housework. On the other hand, if all the farmers were completely uneducated, their production would remain low. As the population grows larger and larger in the modern wo
15、rld, we would die if we did not have enough food. In fact, when we say all of us must be educated to fit ourselves for life, it means that all must be educated: firstly, to realize that everyone can do whatever job is suited to his brain and ability; secondly, to understand that all jobs are necessa
16、ry to society and that it is had to be ashamed of ones own work or to look down upon someone elses; thirdly, to master all the necessary know-how to do ones job well. Only such education can be called valuable to society. 21 Our purpose of educating children is to_. （ A） accustom them to varied life
17、 （ B） choose a proper system of education （ C） educate them only for the aim of educating them （ D） make them intelligent citizens 22 Free education for all is not enough because_. （ A） the system of free education fails to solve all the problems of a society （ B） the more education people receive,
18、the fewer jobs there are （ C） people with degrees consider themselves superior to those working with their hands （ D） people with degrees refuse to do physical work 23 The work of a completely uneducated farmer is as important as a professor because_. （ A） without education all of us would live a mo
19、re meaningless life （ B） without farmers we would have to grow crops ourselves （ C） without farmers we should die of food shortage （ D） without farmers we would have to do housework ourselves 24 All of us must be educated to understand or realize that_. （ A） the more people with university degrees w
20、e have, the better life we will have （ B） we couldnt live without education （ C） everyone should have a chance to be educated at universities or colleges （ D） one should choose his job according to his ability 25 Education should be various because_. （ A） people are rich or poor, clever or foolish （
21、 B） free education for all doesnt work （ C） life is varied （ D） people have different professional backgrounds 26 Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10
22、last December. This near tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and do
23、om this time? The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short tern. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequence
24、s now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted e
25、ffect on pump prices than in the past. Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Softw
26、are, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices), rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973.The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, comp
27、ared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by Only 0.25 0.5 % of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies to which heavy industry has shifted have become more energy-intensive, and
28、 so could be more seriously squeezed. One more reason, not to lose sleepover. The rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging
29、from economic decline. The Economists commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%. 26 The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is_. （ A） global inflation （ B） reduction in supply （ C） fast growth in economy （
30、D） Iraqs suspension of exports 27 It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if_. （ A） price of crude rises （ B） commodity prices rise （ C） consumption rises （ D） oil taxes rise 28 The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries_. （ A） heav
31、y industry becomes more energy-intensive （ B） income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices （ C） manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed （ D） oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP 29 We can draw a conclusion from the text that_. （ A） oil-price shocks are less
32、shocking now （ B） inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks （ C） energy conservation can keep down the oil prices （ D） the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry 30 From the text we can see that the writer seems_. （ A） optimistic （ B） sensitive （ C） gloomy （ D） scared 31 I
33、n recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70% of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just fo
34、ur railroads will control well over 90% of all the freight moved by major rail carders. Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from tr
35、ucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat. The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one R
36、ail Company/Railroads typically charge such “captive“ shippers 20% to 30% more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal governments Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the proc
37、ess is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases. Railroads justify rate discrimination against “captive“ shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyones cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the opt
38、ion of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. Its a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish an
39、d which will fail.“ Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?“ asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers. Many “captive“ shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad
40、industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion hid b
41、y Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrails net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Whos going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many “captive“ shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX
42、increase their grip on the market. 31 According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because_. （ A） cost reduction is based on competition （ B） services call for cross-trade coordination （ C） outside competitors will continue to exist （ D） shippers will have the railway by the
43、throat 32 What is many captive shippers attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry? _. （ A） Indifferent （ B） Supportive （ C） Indignant （ D） Apprehensive 33 It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that_. （ A） shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad （ B） there will soon be only
44、 one railroad company nationwide （ C） overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief （ D） a government board ensures fair play in railway business 34 The word “arbiters“ (Paragraph 4) most probably refers to those_. （ A） who work as coordinators （ B） who function as Judges （ C） who supe
45、rvise transactions （ D） who determine the price 35 According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by _. （ A） the continuing acquisition （ B） the growing traffic （ C） the cheering Wall Street （ D） the shrinking market 36 Can electricity cause cancer? In a society that
46、literally runs on electric power, the very idea seems preposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. The implications are unsett
47、ling, to say the least, since everyone comes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whet
48、her concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimate or the worst kind of paranoia. Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the US Environmental Protection Agency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week, the EPA has p
49、ut forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests a casual link“ between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields those having very long wave-lengths and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer. While the report falls short of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magneti
