1、考博英语模拟试卷 269及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The ships generator broke down, and the pumps had to be operated_instead of mechanically. （ A） manually （ B） artificially （ C） automatically （ D） synthetically 2 In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives play_ roles in raising childre
2、n. （ A） incapable （ B） indispensable （ C） insensible （ D） infinite 3 What experience do you have that is_to this position? （ A） concerning （ B） dependent （ C） connecting （ D） relevant 4 A man_escaped death when a fire broke out in his home on Sunday morning. （ A） narrowly （ B） only （ C） quite （ D） s
3、eldom 5 The price increase has had no_effect on sales. （ A） susceptible （ B） invisible （ C） perceptive （ D） perceptible 6 Mass production is_only in an economy with a highly developed technology. （ A） feasible （ B） permissible （ C） allowable （ D） receivable 7 Those nations that interfere in the inte
4、rnal affairs of another nation should be _condemned. （ A） commonly （ B） actually （ C） uniquely （ D） universally 8 The government has decided to reduce a(n)_on all imports. （ A） fee （ B） charge （ C） tariff （ D） expenditure 9 The newly-elected president is determined to_the established policy of devel
5、oping agriculture. （ A） go for （ B） go on （ C） go by （ D） go up 10 As always, I had to fight the_to take what she willingly offered. （ A） fascination （ B） attraction （ C） attention （ D） temptation 11 The thief tried to open the locked door but_. （ A） in no way （ B） in vain （ C） without effect （ D） a
6、t a loss 12 This crop does not do well in soils_the one for which it has been specially developed. （ A） outside （ B） other than （ C） beyond （ D） rather than 13 “You are very selfish. Its high time you_that you are not the most important person in the world,“ Edgar said to his boss angrily. （ A） real
7、ized （ B） have realized （ C） realize （ D） should realize 14 These two areas are similar_they both have a high rainfall during this season. （ A） to that （ B） besides that （ C） in that （ D） except that 15 The tomato juice left brown_on the front of my jacket. （ A） spot （ B） point （ C） track （ D） trace
8、 16 Operations which left patients_and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. （ A） exhausted （ B） abandoned （ C） injured （ D） deserted 17 I was halfway back to the cottage where my mother lived_Susan caught up with me. （ A） when （ B） while （ C） until
9、 （ D） though 18 _the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldnt go on with the experiment. （ A） Since （ B） For （ C） As （ D） With 19 The bed has been_in the family. It was my great grandmothers originally. （ A） handed out （ B） handed over （ C） handed down （ D） handed round 20 Im very sorry to have_yo
10、u with so many questions on such an occasion. （ A） interfered （ B） offended （ C） impressed （ D） bothered 二、 Cloze 20 Human beings are animals. We breathe, eat and digest, and reproduce the same life【 C1】 _common to all animals. In a biological laboratory rats, monkeys, and humans seem very much the
11、same. However, biological understanding is not enough:【 C2】 _itself, it can never tell us what human beings are.【 C3】 _to our physical equipment the naked human bodywe are not an【 C4】 _animal. We are tropical creatures,【 C5】_hairless and sensitive to cold. We are not fast and have neither claws nor
12、sharp teeth to defend ourselves. We need a lot of food but have almost no physical equipment to help us get it. In the purely physical【 C6】 _, our species seems a poor【 C7】_for survival. But we have survivedsurvived and multiplied and【 C8】 _the earth. Some day we will have a【 C9】 _living on the moon
13、, a place with neither air nor water and with temperatures that turn gases into solids. How can we have done all these things? Part of the answer is physical.【 C10】 _its limitations, our physical equipment has some important【 C11】 _. We have excellent vision and hands that can【 C12】_objects with a p
14、recision unmatched by any other【 C13】 _. Most importantly, we have a large brain with an almost【 C14】 _number of neural【 C15】 _ 21 【 C1】 （ A） processes （ B） acts （ C） modes （ D） procedures 22 【 C2】 （ A） On （ B） With （ C） For （ D） By 23 【 C3】 （ A） Stripped （ B） Pared （ C） Peeled （ D） Removed 24 【 C4】
15、 （ A） intelligent （ B） impressive （ C） influential （ D） incentive 25 【 C5】 （ A） barely （ B） hardly （ C） nearly （ D） scarcely 26 【 C6】 （ A） meaning （ B） judgement （ C） perspective （ D） sense 27 【 C7】 （ A） bet （ B） chance （ C） fact （ D） luck 28 【 C8】 （ A） filled （ B） loaded （ C） stuffed （ D） scattered
16、 29 【 C9】 （ A） residence （ B） colony （ C） home （ D） empire 30 【 C10】 （ A） Apart from （ B） With regard to （ C） With the exception of （ D） In spite of 31 【 C11】 （ A） abilities （ B） potentials （ C） capabilities （ D） possibilities 32 【 C12】 （ A） maneuver （ B） manage （ C） manipulate （ D） manufacture 33 【
17、 C13】 （ A） animal （ B） animals （ C） creatures （ D） creature 34 【 C14】 （ A） infinite （ B） unknown （ C） boundless （ D） ceaseless 35 【 C15】 （ A） connections （ B） relations （ C） activities （ D） accesses 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its
18、 peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings. “Readers must have confidence in t
19、he conclusions published in our journal,“ writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a Statistics Board of Reviewing Editors(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journals internal editor
20、s, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts. Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the statistics board was motivated by concerns
21、broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Sciences overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish. “ Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he e
22、xpects the board to “play primarily an advisory role. “ He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a la
23、rger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science. “ John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward“ and “long overdue. “ “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality
24、of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,“ he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine , the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong
25、 attention to statistical review. Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also ta
26、ke a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process. “ Vaux says that Sciences idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify the papers that need scrut
27、iny in the first place. “ 36 It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that_. （ A） Science intends to simplify their peer-review process （ B） journals are strengthening their statistical checks （ C） few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis （ D） lack of data analysis is common in research proje
28、cts 37 The phrase “flagged up“(Para. 2)is the closest in meaning to_. （ A） found （ B） marked （ C） revised （ D） stored 38 Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may_. （ A） pose a threat to all its peers （ B） meet with strong opposition （ C） increase Sciences circulation （ D）
29、 set an example for other journals 39 David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now_. （ A） adds to researchers workload （ B） diminishes the role of reviewers （ C） has room for further improvement （ D） is to fail in the foreseeable future 40 Which of the following is the best title of the text? （ A
30、） Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers （ B） Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect （ C） Data Analysis Finds Its Way Onto Editors Desks （ D） Statisticians Are Coming Back With Science 40 Depending on your age and memory, it was a week of radically new or reassuringly old develop
31、ments in the advertising industry. To Mark Zuckerberg, the boss of Facebook, a popular social-networking website, it was the former. Standing in front of about 250 mostly middle-aged advertising executives on November 6th, he announced that Facebook was offering them a new deal. “For the last hundre
32、d years media has been pushed out to people,“ he said, “but now marketers are going to be a part of the conversation. “ Using his firms new approach, he claimed, advertisers will be able to piggyback on the “social actions“ of Facebook users, since “people influence people. “ Mr. Zuckerbergs underly
33、ing idea is hardly new. But, says Randall Rothenberg, the boss of the Interactive Advertising Bureau, a trade association, the announcements this week by Facebook and its larger rival, My Space, which has a similar ad system, could amount to a big step forward in conversational marketing. If new tec
34、hnologies that are explicitly based on social interactions prove effective, he thinks, they might advance web advertising to its fourth phase. From the point of view of marketers, the existing types of online ads already represent breakthroughs. In search, they can now target consumers who express i
35、nterest in a particular product or service by typing a keyword; they pay only when a consumer responds, by clicking on their ads. In display, they can track and measure how their ads are viewed and whether a consumer is paying attention better than they ever could with television ads. Yet now the ho
36、ly grail of observing and even participating in consumers conversations appears within reach. The first step for brands to socialize with consumers is to start profile pages on social networks and then accept “friend requests“ from individuals. On My Space, brands have been doing this for a while. F
37、or instance, Warner Bros, a Hollywood studio, had a My Space page for “300“, its film about Spartan warriors. It signed up some 200,000 friends, who watched trailers, talked the film up before its release, and counted down toward its DVD release. Facebook, from this week, also lets brands create the
38、ir own pages. Coca-Cola, for instance, has a Sprite page and a “Sprite Sips“ game that lets users play with a little animated character on their own pages. Facebook makes this a social act by automatically informing the players friends, via tiny “news feed“ alerts, of the fun in progress. Thus, at l
39、east in theory, a Sprite “experience“ can travel through an entire group, just as Messrs Lazarsfeld and Katz once described in the offline world. In many cases, Facebook users can also treat brands pages like those of other friends, by adding reviews, photos or comments, say. Each of these actions m
40、ight again be communicated instantly to the news feeds of their clique. Obviously this is a double-edged sword, since they can just as easily criticize a brand as praise it. Facebook even plans to monitor and use actions beyond its own site to place them in a social context. If, for instance, a Face
41、book user makes a purchase at Fandango, a website that sells cinema tickets, this information again shows up on the news feeds of his friends on Facebook, who might decide to come along. If he buys a book or shirt on another site, then this implicit recommendation pops up too. 41 The fourth phase of
42、 web advertising is_. （ A） creating brands own pages on social-networking websites （ B） the strategy of conversational marketing （ C） on-line advertising through various means （ D） interactive advertising 42 The new advertising model makes breakthrough in_. （ A） allowing marketers to find consumers
43、with a keyword （ B） providing marketers access to measure their ads effectiveness （ C） encouraging consumers to have more communication and interaction （ D） endow marketer with the right of creating their own pages 43 The case of Warner Bros implies that_. （ A） My Space is having a step further than
44、 Facebook （ B） the “friend request“ approach is effective （ C） some initial steps of the new advertising model have been taken （ D） this kind of advertising model fits the film industry 44 About Facebook, which one of the following statements is TRUE? （ A） It has reached consensus with My Space to p
45、ush forward the new advertising model. （ B） It is marching into a new phase of advertising industry with its expertise. （ C） It will make full use of the social actions of its users in the new advertising model. （ D） It offers customized service to commercial organizations to facilitate their succes
46、s. 45 Facebooks principle of “people influence people“ is best reflected in its_. （ A） special pages for famous brands like Coca-Cola （ B） Sprit Sips game on the Sprite page （ C） tiny alerts of news feeds （ D） profile pages and “friends request“ to socialize people 45 Before high school teacher Kimb
47、erly Rugh got down to business at the start of a recent school week, she joked with her students about how shed had to clean cake out of the corners of her house after her 2-year-old sons birthday party. This friendly combination of chitchat took place not in front of a blackboard but in an E-mail m
48、essage that Rugh sent to the 145 students shes teaching at the Florida Virtual School, one of the nations leading online high schools. The schools motto is “any time, any place, any path, any pace“. Floridas E-school attracts many students who need flexible scheduling, from young tennis stars and yo
49、ung musicians to brothers Tobias and Tyler Heeb, who take turns working on the computer while helping out with their familys clam-farming business on Pine Island, off Floridas southwest coast. Home-schoolers also are well represented. Most students live in Florida, but 55 hail from West Virginia, where a severe teacher shortage makes it hard
