1、山东省成人本科英语模拟试卷 16及答案与解析 一、 Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresp
2、onding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 0 Looking hack on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I ha
3、d no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic. Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in. of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts,
4、uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal-clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds and, above all, the insects. I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love d
5、iscussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people s observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle, because it all seems to fit toget
6、her. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, of which some might be honored with the title of scientific research. But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist; one of the outstanding and essential qualities required is
7、 self-discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only self-discipline but hard training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds. 1 The first paragraph tells us that the author_.
8、（ A） was born to a naturalist s family （ B） lost his hearing when he was a child （ C） didn t like his brothers and sisters （ D） was interested in flowers and insects in his childhood 2 The author cant remember his relatives clearly because_. （ A） he didnt live very long with them （ B） he was fully o
9、ccupied in observing nature （ C） he was too young when he lived with them （ D） the family was extremely large 3 It can be inferred from the passage that the author was_. （ A） no more than a born naturalist （ B） a naturalist but not a scientist （ C） a scientist as well as a naturalist （ D） first of a
10、ll a scientist 4 The author says that he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because he thinks he_. （ A） lacks some of the qualities required of a scientist （ B） has a great deal of trouble doing mental arithmetic （ C） just reads about other peoples observations and discoveries （ D） com
11、es up with solutions in a most natural way 5 According to the author, a born naturalist should first of all be _. （ A） full of ambition （ B） full of enthusiasm （ C） knowledgeable （ D） self-disciplined 5 I hear many parents complaining that their teenage children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At
12、your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own two feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their
13、own, most of them are clutching at one another s hands for courage. They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up just by listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in this
14、 way is that the crowd is doing it. It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a teenage market. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. An
15、d many of today s parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to a greater barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path. But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music i
16、nstead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when every one else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don t care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come with the people who respect you for who you are.
17、 That s the only kind of popularity that really counts. 6 The main purpose of this passage is to tell_. （ A） readers how to be popular with people around （ B） teenagers how to learn to decide things for themselves （ C） parents how to control and guide their children （ D） people how to understand and
18、 respect each other 7 According to the author, many teenagers think they are brave enough to be themselves, but, in fact, most of them_. （ A） have much difficulty understanding each other （ B） lack confidence （ C） dare not cope with problems single-handed （ D） are very much afraid of getting lost 8
19、According to the passage, which of the following is not true? （ A） There is no popularity that really counts. （ B） What many parents are doing is in fact hindering their children from finding their own paths. （ C） It is not necessarily bad for a teenager to disagree with his or her classmates. （ D）
20、Most teenagers are not actually rebelling. 9 The author thinks of advertisements as_. （ A） original （ B） influential （ C） detrimental （ D） authoritative 10 During the teenager years, one should learn to_. （ A） differ from others in as many ways as possible （ B） get into the right season and become p
21、opular （ C） find one s real self （ D） rebel against parents and the popularity wave 10 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competiti
22、ve. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, th
23、e two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often referred to as “nature / nurture“. Those who support the“ nature“ side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largel
24、y determined by biological and genetic(遗传学的 )factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost com
25、pletely governed by our instincts. Proponents of the “nurture“ theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior i
26、s almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli(刺激 )as the basis of their behavior. Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, i
27、t is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. 11 Which one of the following statements would supporters of the “nature“ theory agree with? （ A） A persons instincts have little effect on his act
28、ion. （ B） Environment is important in determining a persons behavior and personality. （ C） Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act. （ D） The behaviorists view correctly explains how we act. 12 Which one of the following statements would proponents of the “nurture“ theory agree with?
29、 （ A） A persons character is greatly influenced by his environment. （ B） Behaviorist theory is not correct. （ C） Biologically based instincts are important in how we act. （ D） Environment has little to do with behavior. 13 B.F. Skinner_. （ A） supports the nature theory （ B） believes in the importanc
30、e of genes in determining personality （ C） thinks the environment plays an important role in determining character （ D） believes instincts govern behavior 14 Concerning the nature / nurture controversy, the writer of this article _. （ A） supports the nature theory （ B） supports the nurture theory （
31、C） believes both are completely wrong （ D） thinks that the correct explanation of human behavior will take ideas from both theories 15 In the United States, Black people often score below White people on intelligence tests. With this in mind, which one of the following statements is NOT TRUE? （ A） N
32、ature proponents would say that Whites are genetically superior to Blacks. （ B） Supporters of the nature theory would say that Whites score well because they have a superior environment. （ C） Behaviorists would say that Blacks often lack the educational and environmental advantages that Whites enjoy
33、. （ D） Nurture proponents would disagree that Blacks are biologically inferior to Whites. 15 How can English teachers accelerate the language learning of their students? One way is to teach students how to learn more effectively and efficiently. Learning strategies are “Procedures or techniques that
34、 learners can use to facilitate a learning task. “ Instructing students of English in learning strategies can help them become better learners. In addition, skill in using learning strategies assists students in becoming independent, confident learners. Finally, students become more motivated as the
35、y begin to understand the relationship between their use of strategies and success in learning English. Students need to develop an awareness of the learning process and strategies that lead to success. Students who reflect on their own thinking are more likely to engage in planning how to proceed w
36、ith a learning task, monitoring their own performance on an ongoing basis, finding solutions to problems encountered, and evaluating themselves upon task completion. These activities may be difficult for students accustomed to having a teacher who solves all their learning problems and is the sole j
37、udge of their progress. Teachers need to encourage students to rely more on themselves. Because learning strategies are mental processes with few observable manifestations, teachers need to find ways to make the strategies as concrete as possible. When students are able to use the strategies their t
38、eachers have taught them, and to do so without prompting, then they need to explore new strategies, new applications, and new opportunities for self-regulated learning. 16 Better learning strategies can make language learning more _. （ A） fun （ B） interesting （ C） efficient （ D） exciting 17 Students
39、 who reflect on their own_will be more successful in learning. （ A） thinking （ B） evaluation （ C） performance （ D） activities 18 Teachers should encourage students to rely more on _. （ A） books （ B） notes （ C） tutors （ D） themselves 19 Learning strategies are unobservable mental processes, so teache
40、rs should make them_. （ A） simpler （ B） more familiar （ C） more concrete （ D） more applicable 20 Which of the following statements is true? （ A） Students learn learning strategies from the teachers only. （ B） Learning strategies are completely unobservable. （ C） Students need to explore new learning
41、 strategies for themselves. （ D） Teachers are the sole judges of students progress. 二、 Part II Vocabulary and Structure (30%) Directions: In this part, there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sent
42、ence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 21 Mike s uncle insists_in this hotel. （ A） staying not （ B） not to stay （ C） that he would not stay （ D） that he not stay 22 Another argument with his boss_him that he should find a new job. （ A） con
43、vinced （ B） fined （ C） believed （ D） agreed 23 The manager of the hotel requests that their guests_after 11: 00 p. m. . （ A） not to play loud music （ B） shouldnt play loud music （ C） dont play loud music （ D） couldnt play loud music 24 It is recommended that the project_until all the preparations ha
44、ve been made. （ A） is not started （ B） will not be started （ C） not be started （ D） is not to be started 25 She has a small machine for_coffee beans. （ A） breaking （ B） smashing （ C） grinding （ D） crushing 26 The organization had broken no rules, but_had it acted responsibly. （ A） neither （ B） so （
45、C） either （ D） both 27 He_a knowledge of this language by careful study. （ A） acquired （ B） required （ C） inquired （ D） requested 28 The company_me as an adviser. （ A） used （ B） employed （ C） emphasized （ D） hired 29 The_of autumn was in the air and she went to fetch a coat. （ A） tepid （ B） chilly （
46、 C） chill （ D） cool 30 She was extremely_about expressing her opinions. （ A） cautious （ B） careful （ C） worried （ D） cautionary 31 The Art Institute of Chicago is one of the four_art museums in America. （ A） largest （ B） the largest （ C） of larger （ D） of large 32 Barely_asleep when her father awake
47、ned her. （ A） did she fall （ B） she had fallen （ C） had she fallen （ D） she fell 33 The United States_a population of over 200 millions. （ A） have had （ B） is having （ C） have （ D） has 34 Nowadays, children often prefer_TV to reading. （ A） watching （ B） to watch （ C） being watched （ D） watch 35 Are
48、you looking forward_on your vacation? （ A） you go （ B） going （ C） to going （ D） to go 36 Will you pay cash for the goods, madam, or would you like them_to your account? （ A） charged （ B） paid （ C） recited （ D） priced 37 Some people like fatty meat,_others hate it. （ A） somehow （ B） moreover （ C） whe
49、reas （ D） furthermore 38 Ford proposed a system_each worker would have a special job to do. （ A） that （ B） which （ C） in which （ D） at which 39 _ I can see what you mean, even though I dont share your point of view. （ A） In no way （ B） In my way （ C） In the way （ D） In a way 40 You d rather work than play ,_? （ A） do you （ B） would you （ C） dont you （ D） wouldnt you 41 Improvements of
