1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 507及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Starting Career in a Big City or Small Town?. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1.很多大学生毕业后去大城市工作 2.也有人选择去小城镇工作 3.结合实际情况谈谈自己的想法 Starting
2、 Career in a Big City or Small Town? 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees
3、with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 A Responsibility Revolution “We have always known that heedless self-interest was bad morals,“ FDR said in 193
4、7, in the midst of the Great Depression. “We know now that it is bad economies.“ We have learned this all. But even amid the Great Recession of 2009, people have been trading in their SUVs for Priuses, buying record amounts of fair-trade coffee and investing in socially responsible funds at higher r
5、ates than ever before. What we are discovering now, in the most uncertain economy since FDRs time, is that enlightened self-interestcall it a shared sense of responsibilityis good economics. America has always been a great laboratory of social innovation, from Ben Franklins creation of the volunteer
6、 fire department and the lending library to the rise of online collectives like Wikipedia and Facebook. Usually it has been an invention, some innovation in commercethe car, the light bulb, the televisionthat has changed how we interact with one another as well as how we think of ourselves. We are a
7、gain entering a period of social change as Americans are recalibrating(重新校准 )our sense of what it means to be a citizen, not just through voting or volunteering but also through commerce: by what we buy. There is a new dimension to civic duty that is growing in Americaits the idea that we can serve
8、not only by spending time in our communities and classrooms but by spending more responsibly. We are starting to put our money where our ideals are. According to a new TIME poll, more than 6 in 10 Americans have bought organic products since January. Lots of us have bought an energy-efficient light
9、bulb too. And its not just the nature of the product but also its source thats prompting us to buy. Of the 1,003 adults we polled this summer, 82% said they have consciously supported local or neighborhood businesses this year. Nearly 40% said they purchased a product in 2009 because they liked the
10、social or political values of the company that produced it. Thats evidence of a changing mind-set, a new kind of social contract among consumers, business and government. We are seeing the rise of the citizen consumerand the beginnings of a responsibility revolution. Corporate America has discovered
11、 that social responsibility attracts investment capital as well as customer loyalty, creating a virtuous circle. With global warming on the minds of many consumers, lots of companies are racing to “outgreen“ one another, a competition that is good for their bottom lines as well as the environments.
12、The most progressive companies are talking about a triple bottom lineprofit, planet and peoplethat focuses on how to run a business while trying to improve environmental and worker conditions. Many corporations discovered that business was about a lot more than a profit-and-loss statement. At first,
13、 the corporate stance was defensive: companies were punished by consumers for unethical behavior. In the 1990s, companies like Nike and Walmart were attacked for discriminatory and unfair labor practices. Companies also began to realize that just as some consumers boycotted products they considered
14、unethical, others would purchase products in part because their manufacturers were responsible. Some companies embraced the new ethos early on. In 1992, Gap developed sourcing guidelines for its suppliers, and in 1996 the company put in effect a code of conduct for them. Since 2004, Gap has been pub
15、lishing information about the factories it uses and those it has stopped doing business with. Last year HP followed suit, becoming one of the first computer manufacturers to apply similar transparency to its global supply chain. Timberland now prints a detailed label for its shoes, noting on each pa
16、ir the companys material and energy usage None of this would have happened without consumer demand. Nearly half of Americans in our poll said protecting the environment should be given priority over economic growthand this comes in the midst of a recession and historic unemployment. And 78% of those
17、 polled said they would be willing to pay $ 2,000 more for a car that gets 35 m. p. g. than for a similar one that gets only 25 m. p. g, Of course, consumers are doing their own doing-well-by-doing-good calculation: a more expensive ear that gets better gas mileage will save them money in the long r
18、unand make them feel good about it in the process. Many companies are trying to reconfigure their DNA as profit seekers. Take Walmart. Once the poster child of corporate ruthlessness, a retailer whose business model of undercutting(廉价销售 )all of its competitors would have been applauded by Friedman,
19、Walmart has resolved to change its way of doing business for the sake of the future of the planet. The company has required its suppliers to reduce packaging to protect the environment and is trying to boost sales of energy-efficient light bulbs by giving them more shelf space and better placement i
20、n stores. In July it announced it is developing a sustainability index that will one day show consumers at a glance how green its products are. Other companies are improving their responsibility commitments. Intel, the worlds largest chipmaker, says it plans to increase investment this year in energ
21、y efficiency that will help the environment and cut costs. Mars and Cadbury have unveiled plans to increase the amount of cacao (可可豆 )they harvest from sustainable sources because it is good for the environment and will also relieve potential shortages in the future. The high-end stroller company Bu
22、gaboo just announced it will start contributing 1% of its total revenues to the Global Fund that helps AIDS programs in Africa. Thats 1% of Bugaboos revenues, not profits. One question is: How much of all this is just shrewd marketing to give companies a halo (光环 )effect? Participants in these high-
23、profile efforts have been criticized for spending a bundle on marketing. Meanwhile, a New York environmentalist named Jay Westerveld coined the term greenwashing for companies that spin their products as being more environmentally friendly than they really are. Thats one reason why Walmarts plan to
24、standardize a sustainability index is so important. If companies are really improving their carbon footprintand, one hopes, the way they treat their workersin order to improve their image and engender consumer loyalty, isnt that a net good thing? And if they are doing it exclusively to help their bo
25、ttom line, so what? “I dont care whether companies change for the love of the environment or because of their financial interest,“ says Geoffrey Heal, a Columbia Business School professor and the author of When Principles Pay. “The most sustainable solution is to have companies responding to financi
26、al incentives rather than their own feelings. “ Its not just big companies that are doing well by doing good. Increasingly, social entrepreneurs are starting companies rather than nonprofits, to capitalize on the power of the market to create public benefit. And some of these entrepreneurs are choos
27、ing to form “B Corporations,“ a new corporate structure that requires enterprises to build into their foundation strong social and environmental standards for their operations. More than 220 companies, whose combined revenue tops $ 1 billion, have become B Corps since their certification began in 20
28、07. 2 According to the passage, what aspect is the responsibility revolution mainly concerned with? （ A） The change of the mind of consumers to spend cautiously. （ B） The effort of the companies to be environmental. （ C） The effort of the companies to be sustainable. （ D） The behavior of the citizen
29、 to spend responsibly. 3 Similar to an invention or some innovation in commerce, we are again entering a period of social change through commercial way: _. （ A） political voting （ B） volunteering （ C） consuming （ D） spending more money than ever 4 According to a new TIME poll, what may be one of the
30、 reasons that Americans prefer to buy organic food ant energy-efficient light bulbs? （ A） These products are cheaper and more persuasive. （ B） They are abiding by a kind of new contract. （ C） The manufacturer of the products urges them to buy. （ D） Buying such products has become a vogue. 5 What has
31、 Corporate America discovered in terms of social responsibility? （ A） It leads to more capital investment and consumer loyalty. （ B） It leads companies into a competition to outgreen each other. （ C） It gets many consumers to pay attention to global warming. （ D） It can check the balance among profi
32、t, planet and people. 6 Why were companies like Nike and Walmart criticized in the 1990s? （ A） Their position in a profit-and-loss statement. （ B） Their discriminatory and unfair labor practices. （ C） Their punishment out of their unethical behavior. （ D） Their irresponsible figure in consumers hear
33、ts. 7 Following the example of GAP, what did HP do last year? （ A） It supplied similar transparency to its supply chain. （ B） It printed a detailed label for its products. （ C） It published information about the factories it uses. （ D） It developed sourcing guidelines for its suppliers. 8 What has W
34、almart done to reconfigure its DNA as profit seeker? （ A） It has followed the business model of undercutting its competitors. （ B） It asks its suppliers to reduce packaging to be environment-friendly. （ C） It has become the poster child of corporate ruthlessness. （ D） It has given more shelf space a
35、nd better placement to light bulbs. 9 To improve its responsibility commitments, this year Intel plans to get their investment in energy efficiency _. 10 Geoffrey Heal holds that to have companies responding to financial incentives rather than their own feelings is the _. 11 As a new corporate form,
36、 “B Corporations“ requires enterprises to build strong social and environmental operation standards into _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. B
37、oth the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Robert survived the plane crash. （ B） All the passengers were killed in the pla
38、ne crash. （ C） Robert was killed in the air crash. （ D） Robert is a wonderworking person. （ A） She feels very hot in the room. （ B） She wants to avoid meeting people. （ C） She wants to smoke a cigarette outside. （ D） She doesnt like the smell of smoke inside. （ A） He might help the woman much. （ B）
39、The woman shouldnt buy a used car. （ C） He doesnt know a lot about new cars. （ D） The woman is a better mechanic than he is. （ A） He shouldnt have apologized. （ B） He will find a better way of apologizing. （ C） He couldnt find a right word to make an apology. （ D） His friend is asking for more than
40、just an apology. （ A） The man should start running daily. （ B） She also prefers to exercise in the afternoon. （ C） Its important to warm up before exercising. （ D） The man should continue his exercise program. （ A） He doesnt know what tools to bring. （ B） He doesnt mind helping the woman. （ C） The w
41、oman wont have to carry the tools. （ D） The donkeys will carry the womans personal items. （ A） They have a narrow range of topics to discuss. （ B） They bring up the most important issue. （ C） They have interesting topics to discuss. （ D） They have little knowledge. （ A） Write Daisy a note of apology
42、. （ B） Return Daisys notes in a few days. （ C） Apologize when Daisy is less angry. （ D） Let her talk to Daisy about the situation. （ A） Put his notes in order ahead. （ B） Ask himself a lot of questions. （ C） Know his own needs and wants. （ D） Figure out what his audience is interested in. （ A） Ask t
43、he audience many questions. （ B） Summarize the material which is familiar to the listeners. （ C） Give detailed facts and numbers that the audience have known. （ D） Give different ideas which are beyond the audiences understanding. （ A） He knows clearly what he needs and wants. （ B） He has to give hi
44、s audience some in-depth views. （ C） He knows its very important to attract the attention of his audience. （ D） He knows how he delivers his speech determines the audiences feedback. （ A） A close friend aided him. （ B） Competition contributes to his success. （ C） His wife was quite helpful. （ D） A f
45、amous designer lent him a hand. （ A） He can gain more popularity. （ B） He can get more attention now. （ C） He can make more money now. （ D） He can choose more or less now. （ A） Choose his own style to model. （ B） Model any color, pattern and cut. （ C） Never change his style. （ D） Never cater to the
46、audience. （ A） To become scouts. （ B） To set up an agency. （ C） To look for new models. （ D） To do print work. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.
47、 After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Time alone will tell. （ B） Time goes by quickly. （ C） Time will show what is right. （ D） Time makes one forget the past. （ A） Peaceful. （ B） Regretful. （ C） Ordinary. （ D） Satisfactory. （ A）
48、The old should lead a simple life. （ B） The old should take more exercise. （ C） The old should face the fact of aging. （ D） The old should fill themselves with curiosity. （ A） To make a comparison between Dave and other films. （ B） To discuss the Americans ideas about the President. （ C） To tell rea
49、ders about the American government. （ D） To introduce a new film to the reader. （ A） Sigourney Weaver. （ B） Bill Mitchell. （ C） Kevin Kline. （ D） Ivan Reitman. （ A） The speaker makes fun of the President. （ B） The speaker thinks highly of the film. （ C） The speaker is a fan of Hollywood comedies. （ D） The speaker wishes to become the American President. （ A） They treated their workers more humanely. （ B） They completely ignored consumers health. （ C） They turned out more unhealthy products at wil
