1、Designation: C 1450/C 1450M 04Standard Specification forNon-Asbestos Fiber-Cement Storm Drain Pipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1450/C 1450M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers non-asbestos fiber-cement pipeintended for use in storm-water drainage of highways, airports,fa
3、rms, foundations, and other similar drainage systems.1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore each system shallbe use
4、d independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation.NOTE 1Experience has shown that the successful performance of thisproduct depends upon the proper selection of the pipe strength, the type ofbedding and backfill, care that the ins
5、tallation conforms to the construc-tion specifications, and provision for adequate inspection at the construc-tion site. This specification does not include requirements for bedding,backfill, the relationship between field load conditions and the strengthdesignation of the pipe, or durability. These
6、 requirements should beincluded in the project specification.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
7、bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 150 Specification for Portland CementC 497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections,or TileC 500 Test Methods for Asbestos-Cement PipeC 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 1154 Terminology
8、 for Non-Asbestos Fiber-ReinforcedCement Products2.2 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment and (Civil Agen-cies)32.3 Military Standards:MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspec-tion by Attributes4MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage4MIL-STD-414 Sampling Procedu
9、res and Tables for Inspec-tion by Variables for Percent Defective42.4 Other Standards:Uniform Freight Classification Rules4National Motor Freight Classification Rules52.5 ISO Standards:ISO 390 : 1993 Products in Fibre Reinforced CementSampling and Inspection6ISO 2859 1: 1999 Sampling Procedures for
10、Inspection byAttributes Part 1: Sampling Schemes Indexed by Accep-tance Quality Limit (AQL) for Lot-by-Lot Inspection6ISO 3951: 1989 Sampling Procedures and Charts for In-spection by Variables for Percent Nonconforming63. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology C 1154.3.1.1 coupling, nin fibe
11、r-cement conduit, sewer, underd-rain and storm drain pipecomponent made from a largerdiameter pipe of the same type or class, or of Type II and ahigher class, or produced otherwise to yield at least equalperformance, for joining fiber-cement pipe that when properlyinstalled, forms a silt tight joint
12、, allows alignment correctionsand slight changes in direction, and provides an assembledjoint equivalent in serviceability and strength to the pipesections. Alternatively, for storm drain couplings, sleeves madefrom other materials that, when properly installed developsufficient tightness to prevent
13、 the surrounding soil from enter-ing the drain, may be used as couplings.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of C17.02 onNon-Asbestos Fiber Cement Products.Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Publi
14、shed June 2004. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 145003ae1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docu
15、ment Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D,700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5904 Attn: NPODS.4Available from the Uniform Classification Commission, Room 1106, 222 S,Riverside Plaza, Chicago, IL 60606.5Available from National
16、Motor Freight Inc., 1616 “P” St. NW, Washington, DC20036.6Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue deVaremb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United
17、States.4. Classification4.1 The types of pipe shall be shown as Type I and Type IIcorresponding to the chemical requirements given in S3.NOTE 2There are no chemical requirements for Type I pipe. Type IIpipe is generally accepted as being unaffected by sulfates in groundwaterwhich cause matrix expans
18、ion and consequential pipe deterioration.4.2 Fiber-cement storm drain pipe furnished under thisspecification shall be designated as Class I, II, III, IV, and V.The corresponding strength requirements are prescribed inTable 1. The D load is the saturated crushing test loadexpressed in pounds-force pe
19、r linear foot per foot of diameter.The D1 load is the saturated crushing test load expressed inNewtons per linear metre per millimetre of diameter. The pipeshall be furnished in 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33,36, 42 and 48-in. 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 375, 450, 525, 600,675, 750, 825, 9
20、00, 1050 and 1200-mm sizes.4.3 When requested by the owner, the manufacturer shallprovide the owner the relationship between the short-termcrush load required to achieve long-term design loads withsupporting estimates of service life using recognized calcula-tion methods.5. Composition and Manufactu
21、re5.1 CompositionFiber-cement drain pipes shall be com-posed of an intimate mixture of an inorganic hydraulic binder(see Specification C 150) or a calcium silicate binder (seeSpecification C 595) formed by the chemical reaction of asiliceous material and a calcareous material reinforced byorganic fi
22、bers, inorganic non-asbestos fibers, or both. Processaids, fillers, and pigments which are compatible with fiber-reinforced cement are not prohibited from being added.5.1.1 The manufacturer shall state the type of fiber used inthe pipe, and, where requested, provide the owner withdocumented evidence
23、 that the fibers employed are compatiblewith other materials of that manufacturer.5.2 ManufactureThe pipe wall shall be of laminar con-struction formed under pressure to be a homogeneous struc-ture, and cured either under natural or accelerated conditions,to meet the physical requirements of this sp
24、ecification.6. Dimensions, Mass, and Tolerances6.1 The nominal length for fiber-cement storm drain pipeshall be designated by the manufacturer. Unless otherwiseagreed by the Owner, furnish a maximum of 15 % of the totalfootage of any one size and type for any order, at themanufacturers option, in pi
25、pe lengths shorter than the nominallengths.6.2 The underrun in length of a section of pipe shall not bemore than18 in./ft 10 mm/m with a maximum of12 in. 12.7mm in length in any pipe.6.3 The average inside diameter shall not be less than thenominal size by more than 0.25 in. 6 mm or 112 %ofthenomina
26、l size, whichever is greater in value.6.4 The manufacturer shall state the minimum wall dimen-sions of the product it produces that complies with theminimum crush loads presented in Table 1.7. Sampling7.1 All material tested under this specification shall betested in the saturated condition after im
27、mersion in water at anambient temperature above 41F 5C for a period of 21 to 28days immediately prior to testing.7.1.1 Employ sampling procedures providing an averageoutgoing quality limit (AOQL) of 6.5 %, except where specificsampling is required by particular test procedures. AppendixX2 describes
28、a sampling plan which provides an AOQL of 6.5%.7.1.2 The minimum sample size for sampling and accep-tance by attributes or variables shall be in Table 2.7.1.3 Pipes of different sizes or classes but of sequentialmanufacture in a continuous manufacturing process may besampled as being in the same ins
29、pection lot.7.2 For crushing tests sample the required number of fulllengths of pipe according to the inspection lot size. Cut one testspecimen no shorter than 6 inches 150 mm long from theunmachined end of each of the selected pipe lengths.(WarningIn addition to other precautions, when cuttingfiber
30、-cement products minimize the dust that results. Prolongedbreathing or frequent breathing of significant airborne concen-trations of silica is hazardous. When such dust is generated,effective measures shall be taken to prevent inhalation.)NOTE 3When sampling from continuous production, these tests m
31、aybe conducted on dry, equilibrium, or saturated specimens, provided arelationship can be established between this testing and the specifiedvalues.NOTE 4A manufacturers process with an AOQL of 6.5 % indicatesthat better than 93.5 % of the inspected production exceeds the specifi-cations for marginal
32、ly accepted product. This type of specificationprovides the protection and confidence of a clearly defined lowerboundary. This would not be true if acceptance were based solely on theaverage value of the measured property. Examples of sampling schemeswhich may be used can be found in documents such
33、as MIL-STD- 105,MIL-STD-414, or ISO 390. Other sampling schemes may be used whichmaintain equally rigorous quality levels. Inspection by attributes consistsof determining, for every item of a sample, the presence or absence of acertain qualitative characteristic (attribute) with respect to the appli
34、cablespecification. It is, in essence, a pass-fail inspection which determines thenumber of items in a sample that do or do not conform to the specification.An attribute could be a dimensional measurement, or a flexural strengthvalue, or others that are described in these test methods. Inspection by
35、variable consists of measuring a quantitative characteristic for each itemin a sample. Conformance with the applicable specification is determinedfrom the mean values of the measured properties and the statisticalTABLE 1 Minimum Crushing LoadPipe Class D Load lbf/ft/ft D1 Load N/m/mmI 1200 60II 1500
36、 75III 2000 100IV 3000 150V 3750 175TABLE 2 Minimum Quality Sample SizeInspection by Variables Inspection by AttributesInspection Lot Size Number Samples Inspection Lot Size Number Samples 280 3 150 5281 500 4 151 500 8502 1200 5 501 3200 13C 1450/C 1450M 042variations of these values above and belo
37、w the mean. Appendix X2 detailssampling plans to suit all common sampling situations, and specifies thenumber of specimens to be taken from each batch and the acceptance/rejection criteria. The specified inspection levels have been selected to suitfiber-cement products, to balance the cost of assess
38、ment against confi-dence in results commensurate with this industry.8. Couplings8.1 Each standard, short, or random length of pipe shall beprovided with a coupling or joint for the purpose of maintain-ing alignment and to ensure close joints.8.2 Joints shall be of a design, and the ends of the pipes
39、ections so formed, that when the sections are laid togetherthey will make a continuous line of pipe with a smooth interiorfree of appreciable irregularities in the flow line and all will becompatible with the tolerances given in Section 6.9. Fittings9.1 Fiber-cement storm drain pipe fittings shall b
40、e suitablein size, crush strength, and design for the pipe with which theywill be furnished.10. Test Methods10.1 Crushing StrengthConduct crushing tests beforeshipment. No shorter than 6 in. 150 mm lengths of pipe cutfrom unmachined portions of the pipe shall be tested inaccordance with the appropri
41、ate section of Test MethodsC 497.11. Inspection11.1 All material furnished under this specification shallconform to the requirements stated herein and shall be sub-jected to factory inspection and tests prescribed in this speci-fication. When specified in the purchase order (see AppendixX1), the man
42、ufacturer shall notify the purchaser of the timethat the inspection and testing will take place to allow thepurchaser to arrange for witnessing such tests and inspectionsat his own expense. Instead of such inspection, when re-quested, the manufacturer shall certify that his product con-forms to the
43、requirements of this specification.11.2 Each pipe shall be inspected by the manufacturerbefore shipment for compliance with the standards for dimen-sions, tolerances, workmanship, and finish (see also Section 7).11.3 The manufacturer shall maintain a Quality Manualwhich includes organizational respo
44、nsibilities in the manufac-turing process, the specification of all raw materials, thespecification of key process variables, the specification of testmethods to be used for testing material in process, and aProcess Quality Assurance Inspection and Test Plan whichestablishes those parts of the proce
45、ss which are subject toregular quality assurance inspection and test.11.4 When requested by the purchaser for the purposes ofquality assurance, and to ensure product conformity, a copy ofthe Process Quality Assurance Inspection and Test plan shall besupplied by the manufacturer.12. Rejection12.1 Fai
46、lure of an inspection lot to comply with the mini-mum crushing loads of Table 1 using a sampling plan with anAOQL of 6.5 % shall be cause for rejecton of that lot.13. Product Marking and Shipping13.1 Each standard and random length of pipe shall bemarked by the manufacturer with the trade name, nomi
47、nal sizeand class, and the date of manufacture, in alkali resistant ink orindelible paint. Type II pipes shall be so marked.13.2 Couplings and fittings shall be marked with the sizeand class.13.3 Pipe, couplings, and fittings shall be prepared forcommercial shipment so as to ensure acceptance by com
48、mon orother carriers.14. Keywords14.1 drain; drain pipe; fiber-cement; fiber-cement pipe;non-asbestos; storm drain pipeSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirements, S1 and S2, shall apply when material is supplied underthis specification for U.S. Government procurement:S1. Pack
49、agingS1.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract, the materialshall be packaged in accordance with the producers standardpractice, which will be acceptable to the carrier at lowest rates.Containers and packing shall comply with Uniform FreightClassification Rules or National Motor Freight ClassificationRules. Marking for shipment of such material shall be inaccordance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies andMIL-STD-129 for military agencies.S2. Responsibility for InspectionS2.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchas
