1、Designation:C1303/C1303M10 Designation: C1303/C1303M 11Standard Test Method forPredicting Long-Term Thermal Resistance of Closed-CellFoam Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1303/C1303M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adopti
2、on or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for predicting the long-term thermal r
3、esistance (LTTR) of unfaced or permeably facedrigid gas-filled closed-cell foam insulations by reducing the specimen thickness to accelerate aging under controlled laboratoryconditions (1-5) .2NOTE 1See Terminology, 3.2.1, for the meaning of the word aging within this standard.1.2 Rigid gas-filled c
4、losed-cell foam insulation includes all cellular plastic insulations manufactured with the intent to retain ablowing agent other than air.1.3 This test method is limited to unfaced or permeably faced, homogeneous materials. This method is applied to a wide rangeof rigid closed-cell foam insulation t
5、ypes, including but not limited to: extruded polystyrene, polyurethane, polyisocyanurate, andphenolic. This test method does not apply to impermeably faced rigid closed-cell foams or to rigid closed-cell bun stock foams.NOTE1See Note 7 2See Note 8 for more details regarding the applicability of this
6、 test method to rigid closed-cell bun stock foams.1.4 This test method utilizes referenced standard test procedures for measuring thermal resistance. Periodic measurements areperformed on specimens to observe the effects of aging. Specimens of reduced thickness (that is, thin slices) are used to sho
7、rtenthe time required for these observations. The results of these measurements are used to predict the long-term thermal resistanceof the material.1.5 The test method is given in two parts. The Prescriptive Method in Part A provides long-term thermal resistance values ona consistent basis that can
8、be used for a variety of purposes, including product evaluation, specifications, or product comparisons.The Research Method in part B provides a general relationship between thermal conductivity, age, and product thickness.1.5.1 To use the Prescriptive Method, the date of manufacture must be known,
9、which usually involves the cooperation of themanufacturer.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining v
10、alues from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine
11、 the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.8 Table of Contents:SectionScope 1Reference Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Part A: The Prescriptive Method 6Applicability 6.1Qualification Requirements 6.1.1Facing Permeability 6.1.2Apparatus 6.2Samplin
12、g 6.3Schedule 6.3.11This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on ThermalMeasurement.Current edition approved JuneMarch 1, 2010.2011. Published July 2010.March 2011. Originally approved in 1995. Last
13、previous edition approved in 20092010 asC130309a.C1303 10. DOI: 10.1520/C1303_C1303M-101.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication
14、of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be consider
15、ed the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Representative Replicate Prod-uct Sheets6.3.2Replicate Test Specimen Sets 6.3.3Specimen Preparation 6.4Goal 6.4.1Schedule 6.4.2Specimen Extraction 6.4.3Slice Fla
16、tness 6.4.4Slice Thickness 6.4.5Stack Composition 6.4.6Storage Conditioning 6.5Test Procedure 6.6Thermal Resistance Measure-ment Schedule6.6.1Thermal Resistance Measure-ments6.6.2Product Density 6.6.3Calculations 6.7Part B: The Research Method 7Background 7.1TDSL Apparatus 7.2Sampling Schedule 7.3Sp
17、ecimen Preparation 7.4Storage Conditioning 7.5Test Procedure 7.6Calculations 7.7Reporting 8Reporting for Part A, the Pre-scriptive Method8.1Reporting for Part B, the Re-search Method8.2Precision and Bias 9Keywords 10Mandatory Information Qualifi-cationAnnexA1Specimen Preparation A1.1Homogeneity Qual
18、ification A1.2Aging Equivalence Test Proce-dureA1.3Alternate Product ThicknessQualificationA1.4Example Calculations A1.5Mandatory Information-Preparation of Test Specimens forSpray-Foam ProductsAnnexA2Effect Of TDSL Appen-dix X1History of the Standard Appen-dix X2Theory of Foam Aging Appen-dix X3Ref
19、erences2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of theGuarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by
20、 Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC578 Specification for Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene Thermal InsulationC591 Specification for Unfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal InsulationC1029 Specification for Spray-Applied Rigid Cellular Polyurethane Thermal InsulationC1045 Practice fo
21、r Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties Under Steady-State ConditionsC1126 Specification for Faced or Unfaced Rigid Cellular Phenolic Thermal InsulationC1289 Specification for Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation BoardD1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular
22、 PlasticsD6226 Test Method for Open Cell Content of Rigid Cellular PlasticsE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot orProcess3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Custome
23、r Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.C1303/C1303M 1122.2 Other Standards:CAN/ULC S770 Standard Test Method for Determination of Long-Term Thermal Resistance of Closed-Cell Thermal Insulatio
24、nFoams42.3 ASTM Adjuncts:Test Method for Predicting Long-Term Thermal Resistance of Closed-Cell Foam Insulation53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms and symbols used in this test method, refer to Terminology C168.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aging, vthe c
25、hange in thermophysical properties of rigid closedcell plastic foam with time, primarily due to changesin the composition of the gas contained within the closed cells.3.2.2 bias, na generic concept related to a consistent or systematic difference between a set of test results from the process(that i
26、s, the predicted thermal conductivity at 5 years) and an accepted reference value of the property being measured (that is, theactual thermal resistance after 5 years of full-thickness products taken from the same lot as the source of the thin slices).3.2.3 core slice, na thin-slice foam specimen tha
27、t was taken at least 5 mm 0.2 in. or 25 % of the product thickness,whichever is greater, away from the surface of the full-thickness product.3.2.4 effective diffusion thickness, none-half of the geometric thickness minus the total thickness of damaged surface layer(s)(TDSL).3.2.5 facing, na material
28、 adhered to the surface of foam insulation, including any foam product that has been suffused intothe facing material, but not inclusive of any skin formed by the foam insulation itself.3.2.6 homogeneous material, nsufficiently uniform in structure and composition to meet the requirements of this te
29、st method(see A1.2).3.2.7 long-term, adjfor the purposes of the Prescriptive Method, long term refers to five years.3.2.8 normalized service life, nproduct service life divided by the square of the full product thickness, units of time/length2.3.2.9 scaled time, ntime divided by the square of the sp
30、ecimen thickness.3.2.10 scaled service life, ntime necessary for a thin specimen to reach the same thermal conductivity that a full thicknessspecimen would reach at the end of its service life, equals the product service life multiplied by the square of the ratio of theaverage slice thickness to the
31、 full product thickness, value has units of time.3.2.11 service life, nthe anticipated period of time that the material is expected to maintain claimed thermophysical properties,may be dependent on the specific end-use application.3.2.12 surface slice, na thin-slice foam specimen that was originally
32、 adjacent to the surface of the full-thickness product andthat includes any facing that was adhered to the surface of the original full-thickness product.3.2.13 thickness of damaged surface layer (TDSL), nthe average thickness of surface cells, on one surface, that are eitherdestroyed (ruptured or o
33、pened) during the preparation of test specimens or were originally open due to the manufacturing process.3.3 Symbols:i = counter used in a summationk = thermal conductivity, W/(mK)n = counter used in a summationN = number of cut planar surfacesnSL= counter in a time series that corresponds to the se
34、rvice life.R = thermal resistance, (m2K)/WTDSL = average thickness of damaged surface layer, mDXeff= effective diffusion thickness of thermal resistance specimen, m4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Rigid gas-filled closed-cell foam insulation is thin-sliced to reduce the gas diffusion path length which a
35、ccelerates the agingprocess. The resulting temporal acceleration is proportional to the square of the ratio of the product use thickness to the slicethickness.4.2 Careful and precise slice preparation is necessary and the process is described in detail in 6.4.4.3 In Part A, the Prescriptive Method,
36、specific test dates are calculated and the thermal resistance of the thin slices is measuredon those dates.4.3.1 Qualification tests are included to determine whether this method is applicable to a given material.4.4 In Part B, the Research Method, thermal conductivity is measured for a series of ti
37、me periods and extensive data analysisis possible.5. Significance and Use5.1 Rigid gas-filled closed-cell foam insulations include all cellular plastic insulations which rely on a blowing agent (or gas),4Underwriters Laboratory of Canada, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-2096 USA,www.ulc.ca5
38、Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJC1303.C1303/C1303M 113other than air, for thermal resistance values. At the time of manufacture, the cells of the foam usually contain their highestpercentage of blowing agent and the lowest percentage of atmospheric gases. As time
39、 passes, the relative concentrations of thesegases change due primarily to diffusion. This results in a general reduction of the thermal resistance of the foam due to an increasein the thermal conductivity of the resultant cell gas mixture. These phenomena are typically referred to as foam aging.5.1
40、.1 For some rigid gas-filled closed-cell foam insulation products produced using blowing agent gases that diffuse very rapidlyout of the full-thickness foam product, such as expanded polystyrene, there is no need to accelerate the aging process.5.1.2 Physical gas diffusion phenomena occur in three d
41、imensions. The one-dimensional form of the diffusion equations usedin the development of this practice are valid only for planar geometries, that is, for specimens that have parallel faces and wherethe thickness is much smaller than the width and much smaller than the length.NOTE2Please see 3Please
42、see Appendix X3 for a discussion of the theory of accelerated aging via thin slicing.NOTE 34Theoretical and experimental evaluations of the aging of insulation in radial forms, such as pipe insulation, have been made. (6) However,these practices have not evolved to the point of inclusion in the test
43、 standard.5.2 The change in thermal resistance due to the phenomena described in 5.1 usually occurs over an extended period of time.Information regarding changes in the thermal resistance of these materials as a function of time is required in a shorter period oftime so that decisions regarding form
44、ulations, production, and comparisons with other materials can be made.5.3 Specifications C578, C591, C1029, C1126 and C1289 on rigid closed-cell foams measure thermal resistance afterconditioning at 23 6 1C 73 6 2F for 180 6 5 days from the time of manufacture or at 60 6 1C 140 6 2F for 90 days.Thi
45、s conditioning can be used for comparative purposes, but is not sufficient to describe long-term thermal resistance. Thisrequirement demonstrates the importance of the aging phenomena within this class of products.5.4 The Prescriptive Method in Part A provides long-term thermal resistance values on
46、a consistent basis for a variety ofpurposes, including product evaluation, specifications, or product comparisons. The consistent basis for these purposes is providedby a series of specific procedural constraints, which are not required in the Research Method described in Part B. The valuesproduced
47、by the Prescriptive Method correspond to the thermal resistance at an age of five years, which corresponds closely tothe average thermal resistance over a 15-year service life (7, 8).5.4.1 It is recommended that any material standard that refers to C1303 to provide a product rating for long-term the
48、rmalresistance specify the Part A Test Method of C1303.5.5 The Research Method in Part B provides a relationship between thermal conductivity, age, and product thickness. Thecalculation methods given in Part B can be used to predict the resistance at any specific point in time as well as the average
49、resistance over a specific time period.NOTE4The 5The 5-year aged values produced in Part A can be derived from the Part B data only if all other Part A requirements are met.5.6 This test method addresses three separate elements relating to the aging of rigid closed-cell plastic foams.5.6.1 Specimen PreparationTechniques for the preparation of thin flat specimens, including their extraction from the “asmanufactured” product, and the measurement of specimen thickness are discussed.5.6.2 Measurement of the Thermal ResistanceThermal resistance
