1、Designation: C 1283 07Standard Practice forInstalling Clay Flue Lining1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1283; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses i
2、ndicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the minimum requirements forinstalling clay flue lining for residential concrete or masonrychimneys.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound
3、units are to be regardedas the standard. The values stated in parentheses are forinformational purposes only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety
4、 and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C24 Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) ofFireclay and High Alumina Refractory MaterialsC27 Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refrac-tory Br
5、ickC55 Specification for Concrete Building BrickC90 Specification for Loadbearing Concrete MasonryUnitsC99 Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of DimensionStoneC 129 Specification for Nonloadbearing Concrete MasonryUnitsC 170 Test Method for Compressive Strength of DimensionStoneC 199 Test Method for
6、 Pier Test for Refractory MortarsC 216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry UnitsMade from Clay or Shale)C 270 Specification for Mortar for Unit MasonryC 315 Specification for Clay Flue LinersC 652 Specification for Hollow Brick (Hollow MasonryUnits Made From Clay or Shale)C 896 Terminology
7、 Relating to Clay ProductsC 1184 Specification for Structural Silicone Sealants3. Terminology3.1 GeneralTerminology C 896 should be used for clari-fication of definitions in this practice.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 chimney connectortubular unit or pipe used toconvey pro
8、ducts of combustion from a heating or cookingappliance to the chimney.3.2.2 fluepassageway within a chimney through whichproducts of combustion are conveyed.3.2.3 flue linermanufactured tubular nonloadbearing firedclay unit, normally used for conveying hot gases in chimneys.3.2.4 masonry chimneyvert
9、ical structure constructed ofbrick, concrete, concrete masonry units, or stone, whichcontains one or more flues, and conveys products of combus-tion from a heat source or cooking appliance.3.2.5 smoke chambersection of a fireplace above thethroat and below the flue, which is an area of transition fr
10、omthe shape of the throat to the shape of the flue.3.2.6 thimblemanufactured tubular nonloadbearing firedclay unit normally used to connect the chimney connector froman appliance through the wall of the chimney to the flue.4. Footings and Foundations4.1 Footings for masonry chimneys shall be constru
11、cted ofconcrete or solid masonry at least 12 in. (305 mm) thick, andit shall extend at least 6 in. (150 mm) beyond the face of thefoundation or support wall on all sides. Footings shall befounded below frost depth on natural undisturbed earth orengineered fill. In areas not subjected to freezing, fo
12、otings shallbe founded at least 12 in. (305 mm) below finished grade.4.2 The foundation shall be placed, with respect to adjacentstructures existing or anticipated, to minimize the possibility ofdamage by construction operations or by transmission ofadditional loads to the supporting soils.4.3 Concr
13、ete footings and foundations shall conform tolocal building codes.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on VitrifiedClay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on Methods ofTest and Specifications.Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published April
14、2007. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C 1283 06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
15、 page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.3.1 In the absence of a local building code, concrete witha minimum 28 day compressive strength of 3000 psi (21 MPa)shall be used.4.4 Where a chimney or firep
16、lace is added to the outside ofthe exterior wall of an existing structure, the following shallapply:4.4.1 The new footing shall be installed at the same level orbelow the existing footing, provided the level is below the frostline and the new footing is placed on soil with adequate bearingcapability
17、.4.4.2 The existing drainage provision shall not be ob-structed.5. Chimney Construction5.1 Materials:5.1.1 Flue Linings Specification C 315.5.1.2 Refractory MortarTest Method C24(cone 10) andTest Method C 199 (medium duty).5.1.3 Concrete Block Specification C90or SpecificationC 129.5.1.4 BrickSpecif
18、ication C55 or Specification C 216,Grade SW.5.1.5 MortarSpecification C 270.5.1.6 FirebrickClassification C27.5.1.7 Natural Stone Test Method C 170 or Test MethodC99.5.2 The chimney consists of a flue liner and the chimneywall. When used to vent a fireplace, the chimney is constructeddirectly on the
19、 smoke chamber.5.3 The flue lining shall start from a point not less than 8 in.(205 mm) below the entrance of the lowest chimney connector.5.4 Flue liners shall be installed, each flue liner carefullybedded on the previous one, using refractory mortar. All jointsof flue liners shall be116 in. (1.6 m
20、m) to18 in. (3.2 mm) thick,and struck flush so as to produce a straight, smooth, fullyaligned flue. Liners shall be placed in such a manner as tominimize ledges or steps within the flue passageway.5.5 Flue liners shall be surrounded by masonry on all sidesbut shall not be bonded to the surrounding m
21、asonry. The flueliner shall contact the chimney wall only as necessary forsupport and alignment in order to permit the flue liner toexpand and contract freely. The separation of the flue linerfrom the surrounding concrete or masonry shall not exceed thewall thickness of the flue liner. Where seismic
22、 reinforcingrequires the space between the flue liner and the chimney wallto be grouted solid, the flue shall be wrapped with ceramic fiberpaper capable of withstanding temperatures of 2100F toprevent the flue liner from bonding to the chimney walls.5.6 The flue lining shall extend the entire height
23、 of thechimney. The lining shall be carried up as vertically aspossible. When offsets are necessary, their slopes shall be noflatter than 30 from vertical.5.7 When more than one flue is contained in a chimney, aseparation shall be provided between adjacent flues. Theseparation shall be solid masonry
24、 wythes (partitions) not lessthan 4 in. (100 mm) nominal thickness and bonded into thechimney walls.5.8 Adjustments to the liner size or shape shall be madewith a masonry saw.5.8.1 When fabricating custom size flue liners, the aspectratio shall not exceed 2:1 and the vertical joint shall be sealedwi
25、th refractory mortar as required in 5.4.5.9 Openings in the flue liner for chimney connectors shallbe manufactured or machine cut.5.10 Chimney walls shall be constructed of concrete or solidmasonry units at least 4 in. (100 mm) nominal thickness.5.10.1 Products for chimney wall masonry construction
26、arethose (concrete, concrete masonry units, brick or stone) that areat least 75 % solid or grouted solid and which meet therequirements of Specification C55, Specification C90, Speci-fication C 216 Grade SW, or Specification C 652.5.10.2 Cast in place concrete chimneys must be designed byan engineer
27、.5.11 The chimney shall be adequately anchored to thebuilding to provide stability against wind and seismic loads. Inseismic design categories, building codes may require addi-tional anchoring or reinforcements.5.12 The mortar in all joints exposed to weather shall becompacted and well tooled.5.13 M
28、asonry chimneys shall extend 3 ft (0.92 m) above thehighest point of the structure where chimneys pass through aroof of a building and at least 2 ft (0.61 m) above any locationof any structure within 10 ft (3.1 m) (measured horizontallyfrom the vertical centerline chimney line).6. Clearances6.1 The
29、minimum air space clearance between interiormasonry chimneys and combustible materials shall be 2 in. (51mm). Any chimney with at least one interior wall shall betreated as interior.6.2 The minimum air space clearance between exteriormasonry chimneys and combustible materials shall be 1 in. (25mm).6
30、.3 Combustible material shall be permitted to abut themasonry chimney sidewalls, provided they are a minimum of12 in. (305 mm) from the inside surface of the flue liner.6.4 All spaces between chimneys and floors or ceilingsthrough which chimneys pass shall be fire stopped withnoncombustible material
31、. The fire stopping of spaces betweenchimneys and wood joists, beams, or headers shall be galva-nized steel not thinner than 26 gage or noncombustible sheetmaterial not thicker than12 in. (13 mm).7. Openings For Chimney Connections7.1 The chimney connection shall be made by either a metalor clay thi
32、mble. The thimble shall be installed on a14 in. (6.4mm) per foot slope toward the appliance. This is to allow anyliquid creosote to drain back into the appliance for reburning.7.2 A minimum of 12 in. (305 mm) of solid masonry, or acombination of 4 in. (100 mm) solid masonry and 2 in. (51mm) air spac
33、e shall be provided between clay thimbles andcombustible materials.7.3 The thimble shall pass through the flue lining and beflush with the inside of the flue lining or butted to the outsideof the flue liner. The joint between the thimble and the fluelining shall be sealed with a refractory mortar.C1
34、2830727.4 The opening for a flue pipe connection shall be posi-tioned to maintain the clearances from combustible construc-tion, as specified in Section 6.7.5 The stovepipe shall be positioned so that horizontalmovement will not cause it to back out of the thimble orprotrude into the flue.8. Chimney
35、 Caps8.1 All masonry chimneys shall have a chimney cap thatslopes a minimum of 10 downward from the flue liner to theedge of the chimney cap (see Fig. 1).8.2 Chimney caps shall overhang the chimney wall by aminimum of 2 in. (51 mm).8.3 Chimney caps are of the following types and construc-tion:8.3.1
36、Precast or cast-in-place concrete caps shall be aminimum of 2 in. (51 mm) in thickness, shall have a drip sloton the underside at least 112 in. (38 mm) away from thechimney wall, and shall be reinforced with a minimum of12 in.(13 mm) mesh galvanized hardware cloth located halfway intothe filled form
37、.8.3.2 Metal chimney caps must lap down the chimney wallat least 4 in. (100 mm) and a noncombustible resilient sealantshall be used between the metal cap and the flue liner andbetween the base of the metal cap and the chimney.8.3.3 Stone caps shall be a minimum of 2 in. (51 mm) inthickness and shall
38、 have a drip slot on the underside at least 112in. (38 mm) away from the chimney wall.8.4 Chimney caps shall be separated from the flue lining bya bond break, and this separation shall be sealed with anoncombustible resilient sealant to prevent water entering thechimney. This is a maintenance joint
39、and should be checkedand renewed as needed (see Fig. 1).8.5 Clay flue linings shall extend above the chimney cap bynot more than 4 in. (100 mm).9. Special Conditions9.1 Special features to mitigate any problem relating tocondensation shall be permitted in the construction of chim-neys.9.1.1 Flue lin
40、ers with joints that prevent leakage of conden-sation shall be permitted. Socketed and overlapping jointsmanufactured as an integral part of the flue liner are acceptable.9.1.2 Acondensate drain installed at the base of the chimneyshall be permitted.10. Keywords10.1 chimney; chimney caps; clay; fire
41、place; flue liner; fluelining; masonry; ventingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,
42、and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revi
43、sion of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you
44、shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 1 Chimney CapC1283073
