1、Designation: C1017/C1017M 131Standard Specification forChemical Admixtures for Use in Producing FlowingConcrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1017/C1017M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1NOTECorrected editorially in May 201
3、5.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers two types of chemical admix-tures to be added to hydraulic cement concrete mixtures for thepurpose of producing flowing concrete. The types are asfollows:1.1.1 Type IPlasticizing, and1.1.2 Type IIPlasticizing and retarding.1.2 This specification stipulates te
4、sts of a chemical admix-ture with reference concreting materials or with concrete-making materials proposed for specific work. Unless otherwisespecified by the purchaser, the tests shall be made usingreference concreting materials.1.3 If a chemical admixture has been tested and found tocomply with t
5、he provisions of this specification using referencematerials, and is being considered for use with other materialsfor specific work, additional tests for such use are allowed ifagreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier and areallowed to consist of a portion of the tests described herein.1.4
6、 This specification provides for three levels of testing.1.4.1 Level 1During the initial approval stage, proof ofcompliance with the performance requirements defined inTable 1 demonstrates that the admixture meets the require-ments of this specification. Uniformity and equivalence tests ofthe sectio
7、n on Lot Uniformity and Equivalence shall be carriedout to provide results against which later comparisons can bemade.1.4.2 Level 2Limited retesting described in the sectionrelating to general requirements may be requested at intervalsby the purchaser. Proof of compliance with the requirements ofTab
8、le 1 demonstrates continued conformity of the admixturewith the requirements of the specification.1.4.3 Level 3For acceptance of a lot or for measuringuniformity within or between lots, when specified by thepurchaser, the uniformity and equivalence tests of the sectionon Lot Uniformity and Equivalen
9、ce shall be used.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non
10、-conformancewith the standard. Some values have only SI units because theinch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.NOTE 1Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Speci-fication E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is forinformation only and does not represent a
11、different standard sieve size.NOTE 2It is recommended that, whenever practicable, tests be madeusing the concrete-making materials (cement, pozzolan, slag, aggregates,air-entraining admixture), the mixture proportions, and the batchingsequence and other physical conditions proposed for the specific
12、work.The specific effects produced by chemical admixtures may vary with theproperties and proportions of the other ingredients of the concrete.NOTE 3Temperature has a pronounced effect on time of setting ofconcrete. This may be exaggerated by the use of admixture Types I and II.If concrete temperatu
13、res to be expected on a particular job differsignificantly from the conditions set forth in this specification, furthertesting may be desirable.NOTE 4An unusually rapid loss of workability with time, sometimestermed “slump loss”, can be experienced with these admixtures. The rateof slump loss will v
14、ary with the particular concreting materials andproportions, mixing equipment and procedures, and temperatures experi-enced on any particular job. At elevated temperatures, the slump may beretained for a longer period if a Type II admixture is used.NOTE 5Admixtures that contain relatively large amou
15、nts of chloridemay accelerate corrosion of prestressing steel. Compliance with therequirements of this specification does not constitute assurance of accept-ability of the admixture for use in prestressed concrete (see ACI 318).NOTE 6Admixtures that contain relatively large amounts of alkali(Na2O +
16、0.658 K2O) may contribute to reaction with some aggregates.Compliance with the requirements of this specification does not assureacceptability when used with alkali-reactive aggregates and some ce-ments.1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. T
17、hese notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.23 on Chemical Admixtures.
18、Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2013. Published February 2014. Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C1017/C1017M 07.DOI: 10.1520/C1017_C1017M-13.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
19、 Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method sections of this specification: This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
20、of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures arecaustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue uponprolonged exposure.22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM St
21、andards:3C33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-drical Concrete SpecimensC78/C78M Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete(Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC136
22、Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield,and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC157/C157M Test Method for Length Change
23、 of HardenedHydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC173/C173M Test Method forAir Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Volumetric MethodC183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing ofHydraulic CementC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the LaboratoryC231/C231M T
24、est Method forAir Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixturesfor ConcreteC403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete toRapid Freezing and Th
25、awingC778 Specification for SandD75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE100 Specification for ASTM HydrometersManual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:4ACI 211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions forNormal and Heavyw
26、eight ConcreteACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Con-crete3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer toTerminology C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 flowing concrete, nconcrete that is characterized bya slump g
27、reater than 712 in. 190 mm while maintaining acohesive nature, and which otherwise meets the requirementsof Table 1.3.2.2 plasticizing admixture, na chemical admixturewhich, when added to concrete, produces flowing concretewithout further addition of water and does not retard the settingof the concr
28、ete.3.2.3 plasticizing and retarding admixture, na chemicaladmixture which, when added to concrete, produces flowingconcrete without further addition of water and retards thesetting of concrete.3.2.4 reference concrete, nconcrete which contains thesame amounts of cement, aggregates, water, and other
29、 concret-ing materials, but no plasticizing admixture.3.2.5 test concrete, nconcrete which has a plasticizingadmixture added.2Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.
30、astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available fromAmerican Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.TA
31、BLE 1 Physical RequirementsAType IPlasticizingType IIPlasticizingandRetardingTime of setting, allowable deviation fromReference, hInitial: at least . 1 later1 earlier nor112 later312 laterFinal: at least . .1 earlier nor112 later312 laterIncrease in slump, min. 90 mm 3.5 in. 90 mm 3.5 in.Compressive
32、 strength, min., % of reference3 days 90 907 days 90 9028 days 90 906 months 90 901 year 90 90Flexural strength, min., % of reference3 days 90 907 days 90 9028 days 90 90Length change after 14 days drying, max.shrinkage (alternative requirements):B% of reference 135 135Increase over reference, in. 0
33、.010 0.010Relative durability factor, min.C80 80AThe values in the table include allowance for normal variation in the test results.The object of the 90 % strength requirements is to require a level of performancecomparable to that of the reference concrete.BAlternative RequirementsPercent of refere
34、nce limit applies when lengthchange of reference is 0.030 % or greater; increase over reference limit applieswhen length change of reference is less than 0.030 %.CThe requirement is applicable only when the admixture is to be used inair-entrained concrete which may be exposed to freezing and thawing
35、 while wet.C1017/C1017M 13124. Ordering Information4.1 When the purchaser specifies flowing concrete, he shallalso specify the type of chemical admixture desired. If notspecified, the requirements of Type I will apply.5. General Requirements5.1 For initial compliance with this specification, test co
36、n-crete in which each type of admixture shown in 1.1 is usedshall conform to the respective requirements prescribed inTable 1.5.2 The purchaser is allowed to require a limited retesting toconfirm current compliance of the admixture to specificationrequirements. The limited retesting will cover physi
37、cal prop-erties and performance of the admixture.5.2.1 The physical properties retesting shall consist ofuniformity and equivalence tests for infrared analysis, residueby oven drying and relative density specific gravity.5.2.2 The performance property retesting shall consist ofwater content of fresh
38、 concrete, setting time and compressivestrength at 3, 7 and 28 days.NOTE 7Additional performance tests currently in this standard may berequired by users having special requirements.5.3 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shallstate in writing that the admixture supplied for use in the
39、 workis identical in all essential respects, including concentration, tothe admixture tested for conformance under this specification.5.4 At the request of the purchaser, when the chemicaladmixture is to be used in prestressed concrete, the manufac-turer shall state in writing the chloride content o
40、f the admixtureand whether or not chloride has been added during itsmanufacture.5.5 Tests for uniformity and equivalence shall be made onthe initial sample and the results retained for reference andcomparison, with the results of tests of samples taken fromelsewhere within the lot or subsequent lots
41、 of admixturesupplied for use in the work.6. Lot Uniformity and Equivalence6.1 When specified by the purchaser, the uniformity of a lot,or the equivalence of different lots from the same source, shallbe established by the use of the following requirements:6.1.1 Infrared AnalysisThe absorption spectr
42、a of the ini-tial sample and the test sample, obtained as specified, shall beessentially similar.6.1.2 Residue by Oven Drying (Liquid Admixtures)Whendried as specified, the oven-dried residues of the initial sampleand of subsequent samples shall be within a range of variationof not greater than five
43、 percentage points.6.1.3 Residue by Oven Drying (Nonliquid Admixtures)When dried as specified, the oven-dried residues of the initialsample and of the subsequent samples shall be within a rangeof variation not greater than four percentage points.6.1.4 Relative Density Specific Gravity (LiquidAdmixtu
44、res)When tested as specified, the relative density ofsubsequent test samples shall not differ from the relativedensity of the initial sample by more than 10 % of thedifference between the relative density of the initial sample andthat of reagent water at the same temperature. If 10 % of thedifferenc
45、e between the relative density of the initial sample andwater is less than 0.01, use the value 0.01 as the maximumallowable difference. Reagent water conforming to Specifica-tion D1193, Types III or IV, and prepared by distillation, ionexchange, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, or a combination oft
46、hese procedures is adequate.6.2 When the nature of the admixture or the analyticalcapability of the purchaser make some or all of these proce-dures unsuitable, other requirements for uniformity andequivalence from lot to lot or within a lot shall be establishedby agreement between the purchaser and
47、the manufacturer.7. Sampling and Inspection7.1 Every facility shall be provided the purchaser for carefulsampling and inspection, either at the point of manufacture orat the site of the work, as specified by the purchaser.7.2 Samples shall be either grab or composite samples, asspecified or required
48、 by this specification.Agrab sample is oneobtained in a single operation. A composite sample is oneobtained by combining three or more grab samples.7.3 Samples will be taken for two reasons:7.3.1 Quality TestsA sample taken for the purpose ofevaluating the quality of a source or lot of admixture wil
49、l berequired to meet all the applicable requirements of thisspecification. Samples used to determine conformance with therequirements of this specification shall be composites of grabsamples taken from sufficient locations to ensure that thecomposite sample will be representative of the lot.7.3.2 Uniformity and Equivalence Tests When specifiedby the purchaser, a sample taken for the purpose of evaluatingthe uniformity of a single lot, or equivalence of different lotsfrom one source, shall be tested as provided in Section 6. Suchsamples sh
