1、Designation: C 1017/C 1017M 07Standard Specification forChemical Admixtures for Use in Producing FlowingConcrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1017/C 1017M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers
3、 two types of chemical admix-tures to be added to hydraulic cement concrete mixtures for thepurpose of producing flowing concrete. The types are asfollows:1.1.1 Type IPlasticizing, and1.1.2 Type IIPlasticizing and retarding.1.2 This specification stipulates tests of a chemical admix-ture with refere
4、nce concreting materials or with concrete-making materials proposed for specific work. Unless otherwisespecified by the purchaser, the tests shall be made usingreference concreting materials.1.3 If a chemical admixture has been tested and found tocomply with the provisions of this specification usin
5、g referencematerials, and is being considered for use with other materialsfor specific work, additional tests for such use are allowed ifagreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier and areallowed to consist of a portion of the tests described herein.1.4 This specification provides for three l
6、evels of testing.1.4.1 Level 1During the initial approval stage, proof ofcompliance with the performance requirements defined inTable 1 demonstrates that the admixture meets the require-ments of this specification. Uniformity and equivalence tests ofthe section on Lot Uniformity and Equivalence shal
7、l be carriedout to provide results against which later comparisons can bemade.1.4.2 Level 2Limited retesting described in the sectionrelating to general requirements may be requested at intervalsby the purchaser. Proof of compliance with the requirements ofTable 1 demonstrates continued conformity o
8、f the admixturewith the requirements of the specification.1.4.3 Level 3For acceptance of a lot or for measuringuniformity within or between lots, when specified by thepurchaser, the uniformity and equivalence tests of the sectionon Lot Uniformity and Equivalence shall be used.1.5 The values stated i
9、n SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values in inch-pound units shown in parenthesesare provided for information purposes only.NOTE 1It is recommended that, whenever practicable, tests be madeusing the concrete-making materials (cement, pozzolan, slag, aggregates,air-entraining admixture),
10、the mixture proportions, and the batchingsequence and other physical conditions proposed for the specific work.The specific effects produced by chemical admixtures may vary with theproperties and proportions of the other ingredients of the concrete.NOTE 2Temperature has a pronounced effect on time o
11、f setting ofconcrete. This may be exaggerated by the use of admixture Types I and II.If concrete temperatures to be expected on a particular job differsignificantly from the conditions set forth in this specification, furthertesting may be desirable.NOTE 3An unusually rapid loss of workability with
12、time, sometimestermed “slump loss”, can be experienced with these admixtures. The rateof slump loss will vary with the particular concreting materials andproportions, mixing equipment and procedures, and temperatures experi-enced on any particular job. At elevated temperatures, the slump may beretai
13、ned for a longer period if a Type II admixture is used.NOTE 4Admixtures that contain relatively large amounts of chloridemay accelerate corrosion of prestressing steel. Compliance with therequirements of this specification does not constitute assurance of accept-ability of the admixture for use in p
14、restressed concrete (see ACI 318).NOTE 5Admixtures that contain relatively large amounts of alkali(Na2O + 0.658 K2O) may contribute to reaction with some aggregates.Compliance with the requirements of this specification does not assureacceptability when used with alkali-reactive aggregates and some
15、ce-ments.1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method sect
16、ions of this specification: This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.23 on Chemical Admixtures.Current edition
17、 approved June 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approvedin 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 1017/C 1017M 03.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
18、United States.associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC
19、39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (UsingSimple Beam with Third-Point Loading)C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC 138/C 138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),Yield, and
20、Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 157/C 157M Test Method for Length Change of Hard-ened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC 173/C 173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by
21、the Volumetric MethodC 183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing ofHydraulic CementC 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC 260 Specification forAir-EntrainingAdmix
22、tures for Con-creteC 403/C 403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC 666/C 666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC 778 Specification for Standard SandD 75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD 1193 Specification for Reagent Wate
23、rE 100 Specification for ASTM HydrometersManual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:3ACI 211.1-81 Recommended Practice for Selecting Propor-tions for Normal and Heavyweight ConcreteACI 318-83 Building Code Requirements for ReinforcedConcrete3. Terminology3.1 Def
24、initions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 flowing concreteconcrete that is characterized by aslump greater than 712 in. (190 mm) while maintaining acohesive nature, and which otherwise meets the requirementsof Table 1.3.1.2 plasticizing admixture a chemical admixture which,when added to conc
25、rete, produces flowing concrete withoutfurther addition of water and does not retard the setting of theconcrete.3.1.3 plasticizing and retarding admixturea chemical ad-mixture which, when added to concrete, produces flowingconcrete without further addition of water and retards thesetting of concrete
26、.3.1.4 reference concreteconcrete which contains the sameamounts of cement, aggregates, water, and other concretingmaterials, but no plasticizing admixture.3.1.5 test concreteconcrete which has a plasticizing ad-mixture added.4. Ordering Information4.1 When the purchaser specifies flowing concrete,
27、he shallalso specify the type of chemical admixture desired. If notspecified, the requirements of Type I will apply.5. General Requirements5.1 For initial compliance with this specification, test con-crete in which each type of admixture shown in 1.1 is usedshall conform to the respective requiremen
28、ts prescribed inTable 1.5.2 The purchaser is allowed to require a limited retesting toconfirm current compliance of the admixture to specificationrequirements. The limited retesting will cover physical prop-erties and performance of the admixture.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM websit
29、e, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available fromAmerican Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int
30、.org.TABLE 1 Physical RequirementsAType IPlasticizingType IIPlasticizingandRetardingTime of setting, allowable deviation fromReference, hInitial: at least not more than . 1 later1 earlier nor112 later312 laterFinal: at least not more than . .1 earlier nor112 later312 laterIncrease in slump, min. 90
31、mm (3.5 in.) 90 mm (3.5 in.)Compressive strength, min., % of reference3 days 90 907 days 90 9028 days 90 906 months 90 901 year 90 90Flexural strength, min., % of reference3 days 90 907 days 90 9028 days 90 90Length change after 14 days drying, max.shrinkage (alternative requirements):B% of referenc
32、e 135 135Increase over reference, in. 0.010 0.010Relative durability factor, min.C80 80AThe values in the table include allowance for normal variation in the test results.The object of the 90 % strength requirements is to require a level of performancecomparable to that of the reference concrete.BAl
33、ternative RequirementsPercent of reference limit applies when lengthchange of reference is 0.030 % or greater; increase over reference limit applieswhen length change of reference is less than 0.030 %.CThe requirement is applicable only when the admixture is to be used inair-entrained concrete which
34、 may be exposed to freezing and thawing while wet.C 1017/C 1017M 0725.2.1 The physical properties retesting shall consist ofuniformity and equivalence tests for infrared analysis, residueby oven drying and specific gravity.5.2.2 The performance property retesting shall consist ofwater content of fre
35、sh concrete, setting time and compressivestrength at 3, 7 and 28 days.NOTE 6Additional performance tests currently in this standard maybe required by users having special requirements.5.3 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shallstate in writing that the admixture supplied for use in t
36、he workis identical in all essential respects, including concentration, tothe admixture tested for conformance under this specification.5.4 At the request of the purchaser, when the chemicaladmixture is to be used in prestressed concrete, the manufac-turer shall state in writing the chloride content
37、 of the admixtureand whether or not chloride has been added during itsmanufacture.5.5 Tests for uniformity and equivalence shall be made onthe initial sample and the results retained for reference andcomparison, with the results of tests of samples taken fromelsewhere within the lot or subsequent lo
38、ts of admixturesupplied for use in the work.6. Lot Uniformity and Equivalence6.1 When specified by the purchaser, the uniformity of a lot,or the equivalence of different lots from the same source, shallbe established by the use of the following requirements:6.1.1 Infrared AnalysisThe absorption spec
39、tra of the ini-tial sample and the test sample, obtained as specified, shall beessentially similar.6.1.2 Residue by Oven Drying (Liquid Admixtures)Whendried as specified, the oven-dried residues of the initial sampleand of subsequent samples shall be within a range of variationof not greater than fi
40、ve percentage points.6.1.3 Residue by Oven Drying (Nonliquid Admixtures)When dried as specified, the oven-dried residues of the initialsample and of the subsequent samples shall be within a rangeof variation not greater than four percentage points.6.1.4 Specific Gravity (Liquid Admixtures)When teste
41、d asspecified, the specific gravity of subsequent test samples shallnot differ from the specific gravity of the initial sample by morethan 10 % of the difference between the specific gravity of theinitial sample and that of reagent water at the same tempera-ture. If 10 % of the difference between th
42、e specific gravity ofthe initial sample and water is less than 0.01, use the value 0.01as the maximum allowable difference. Reagent water conform-ing to Specification D 1193, Types III or IV, and prepared bydistillation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, or acombination of these proced
43、ures is adequate.6.2 When the nature of the admixture or the analyticalcapability of the purchaser make some or all of these proce-dures unsuitable, other requirements for uniformity andequivalence from lot to lot or within a lot shall be establishedby agreement between the purchaser and the manufac
44、turer.7. Sampling and Inspection7.1 Every facility shall be provided the purchaser for carefulsampling and inspection, either at the point of manufacture orat the site of the work, as specified by the purchaser.7.2 Samples shall be either grab or composite samples, asspecified or required by this sp
45、ecification.Agrab sample is oneobtained in a single operation. A composite sample is oneobtained by combining three or more grab samples.7.3 Samples will be taken for two reasons:7.3.1 Quality TestsA sample taken for the purpose ofevaluating the quality of a source or lot of admixture will berequire
46、d to meet all the applicable requirements of thisspecification. Samples used to determine conformance with therequirements of this specification shall be composites of grabsamples taken from sufficient locations to ensure that thecomposite sample will be representative of the lot.7.3.2 Uniformity an
47、d Equivalence Tests When specifiedby the purchaser, a sample taken for the purpose of evaluatingthe uniformity of a single lot, or equivalence of different lotsfrom one source, shall be tested as provided in Section 6. Suchsamples shall be composite samples from individual lots whendifferent lots fr
48、om the same source are being compared. Whenthe uniformity of a single lot is being determined, grab samplesshall be used.7.4 Liquid AdmixturesLiquid admixtures shall be agitatedthoroughly immediately prior to sampling. Grab samples takenfor quality or uniformity tests shall represent not more than25
49、00 gal (9500 L) of admixture and shall have a volume of atleast 1 qt (1 L). A minimum of three grab samples shall betaken. Composite samples shall be prepared by thoroughlymixing the grab samples selected and the resultant mixturesampled to provide at least 1 gal (4 L) for quality tests. Grabsamples shall be taken from different locations well distributedthroughout the quantity to be represented.7.4.1 Admixtures in bulk storage tanks shall be sampledequally from the upper, intermediate, and lower levels bymeans of drain cocks in the sides of the tanks or
