1、Designation: A460 11 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Specification forCopper-Clad Steel Wire Strand1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A460; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers copper-clad steel wire strandcomposed of a number of round steel, copper-clad wires, foruse as guys, messengers
3、, span wires, and for similar purposeswhere electrical conductance is not a requirement.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standa
4、rd.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A902 Terminology Relating to Metallic Coated Steel Prod-ucts3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification seeTerminology A902.4. Classification4.1 The strand is classified by the minimum breakingstrength and number of wires in the
5、 strand as stated in Table 1.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information:5.1.1 Quantity of strand in feet.5.1.2 Breaking strength and number of wires in strand (4.1and Table 1).5.1.3 Package size of coils or reels from Table 2.5.1.4
6、ASTM designation and year of issue.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Each wire in the strand shall be composed of a steel coremade from steel produced by any commercially-acceptedsteel-making process, with a substantially uniform and con-tinuous copper cladding thoroughly bonded to it throughout.The t
7、hickness and adherence of the copper cladding on thefinished wire shall comply with the requirements prescribed inthis specification.6.2 Each wire in the strand shall be of such quality that,when drawn to the size specified in Table 1 and whenfabricated into strand, the finished copper-clad steel wi
8、re strandshall have the properties and characteristics prescribed in thisspecification.7. Stranding7.1 The strand shall consist of either 3 or 7 wires and, unlessotherwise specified, shall have a left lay with a uniform pitch.In 3-wire strand, the pitch shall be not less than 12 nor morethan 20 time
9、s the nominal diameter of the strand. In 7-wirestrand, the pitch shall be not less than 10 nor more than 16times the nominal diameter of the strand. A left lay is definedas a counter-clockwise twist away from the observer lookingalong the axis of the strand. All wires shall be stranded withuniform t
10、ension.7.2 All wires in the strand shall lie naturally in their truepositions in the completed strand, and when the strand is cut,the ends shall remain in position or be readily replaced by handand then remain in position. This may be accomplished by anymeans or process, such as preforming, post for
11、ming, or formsetting.8. Joints and Splices8.1 Joints or splices may be made prior to final wire drawingin individual finished wires composing the strand, providedthat such joints or splices have protection from corrosionequivalent to that of the copper-clad wire itself and that they donot decrease t
12、he strength of the finished strand below theminimum breaking strength shown in Table 1. A joint or spliceshall be not closer than 50 ft (15.2 m) to any other wire jointor splice in the strand.8.2 The finished strand shall not be joined or spliced as aunit, unless specifically permitted by the purcha
13、ser.9. Thickness of Copper Cladding9.1 The minimum thickness of the copper cladding at anypoint around the circumference of the wires taken from thefinished strand shall be not less than 8 % of the wire radius.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A05 onMetallic-Coated Iron
14、 and Steel Products and is the direct responsibility of subcom-mittee A05.12 on Wire Specifications.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A460 - 11. DOI:10.1520/A0460-11R16.2For referenced ASTM standards,
15、 visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1942
16、8-2959. United States19.2 The copper thickness shall be determined by either ofthe following:9.2.1 By direct measurements of cross sections of the wires,the ends of the specimens having been ground smooth,polished, and etched before being measured microscopically,or9.2.2 By means of a suitable elect
17、rical indicating instrumentoperating on the permeameter principle.10. Sampling10.1 For the purpose of inspecting the strand, tests shall bemade on representative samples. For lots of 10 000 lb (4536kg) or less, two samples shall be taken from separate reels orcoils in the lot, except that only one s
18、ample shall be requiredwhere the total length of the strand is 5000 ft (1524 m) or less.For lots over 10 000 lb (4536 kg) one sample from each 10 000lb (4536 kg) or fraction thereof shall be taken, but theminimum number of samples shall be three.11. Breaking Strength11.1 The breaking strength of the
19、 finished strand shall be notless than that specified in Table 1.11.2 When the breaking strength is below the minimumspecified, the cause of which may have been due to slipping ofthe specimen in the jaws of the testing machine, breakingwithin the jaws or within 1 in. (25.4 mm) of the jaws, or theimp
20、roper socketing of a specimen, the results of the test shallbe disregarded and another sample from the same coil or reelshall be tested.12. Elongation12.1 The elongation shall be not less than 1.5 % and shall bemeasured on a gage length of not less than 24 in. (610 mm) offinished strand which does n
21、ot contain wire joints or splices.Elongation shall be determined by measurements made be-tween the jaws of the testing machine or by an extensometer atthe option of the manufacturer, unless otherwise agreed upon atthe time of purchase.12.2 When the elongation is so determined, the gage lengthshall b
22、e the distance between the jaws of the testing machinewhen a load equal to 10 % of the minimum breaking strengthshall have been applied, and the final length shall be thedistance between the jaws at the time of fracture of any wire.The fracture shall be between the jaws of the testing machineand not
23、 closer than 1 in. (25.4 mm) to either jaw, otherwise thetest shall be disregarded.12.3 When used, the extensometer shall be attached to thetest specimen at a tension load equal to 10 % of minimumbreaking strength. The elongation shall be observed whileapplying a tension load to the specimen, and th
24、e reading whenfracture occurs shall be taken as the elongation of the speci-men. Tests in which the extensometer reading is less than1.5 %, but in which the fracture does not occur between thetwo attachments of the extensometer to the specimen, shall bedisregarded.12.4 Additional samples shall be ta
25、ken from the same coilor reel when the previous tests are to be disregarded as statedin 12.2 and 12.3.13. Torsion Test13.1 Specimens of finished wires taken before strandingshall withstand without fracture not less than 20 twists in alength equivalent to 100 times the nominal diameter of thespecimen
26、. The rate of applying the twists shall be approxi-mately 15 turns per minute, all twists to be made in the samedirection.13.2 Wire specimens shall be twisted to destruction andshall not reveal any seams, pits, slivers, or surface imperfec-tions such that performance of the strand would be impaired.
27、Examination of the wire at the break shall show no separationof the copper from the steel visible to the naked eye (normaleyeglasses excepted).14. Wrap Test14.1 When agreed upon at the time of purchase, samples ofindividual wires taken from the finished strand shall withstandTABLE 1 Physical Propert
28、ies of Copper-Clad Steel Wire StrandsMinimum Breaking Strengthof Strand, lbf (N)Number of Wiresin StrandNominal Diameter ofStrand, in. (mm)ANominal Diameter ofWires, in. (mm)Approximate Weight ofStrand, lb/1000 ft (kg/km)2 200 (9 790) 3 0.164 (4.2) 0.076 (1.93) 49 (73)4 000 (17 800) 3 0.209 (5.3) 0.
29、097 (2.46) 79 (118)6 000 (26 700) 3 0.258 (6.6) 0.120 (3.0) 121 (180)6 000 (26 700) 7 0.237 (6.0) 0.079 (2.01) 122 (182)8 000 (35 600) 7 0.276 (7.0) 0.092 (2.34) 166 (247)10 000 (44 500) 7 0.303 (7.7) 0.101 (2.6) 200 (298)12 500 (55 600) 7 0.345 (8.8) 0.115 (2.9) 259 (385)14 000 (62 300) 7 0.360 (9.
30、1) 0.120 (3.0) 283 (421)16 000 (71 200) 7 0.386 (9.8) 0.128 (3.3) 324 (482)18 000 (80 100) 7 0.414 (10.5) 0.138 (3.5) 374 (557)20 000 (89 000) 7 0.438 (11.1) 0.146 (3.7) 418 (662)AThis diameter is given for the purpose of information and as a guide for the size of fittings, hardware, etc.TABLE 2 Len
31、gths of Strand in Coils and on ReelsMinimum Breaking Strength of Strand, lbf (N)Approximate Length ofStrandIn Coil,ft (m)On Reel,ft (m)2 200 (9790) 1000 (305) 10 000 (3050)4 000 (17 800) 500 (152) 10 000 (3050)6 000 to 10 000, incl (26 700 to 44 500, incl) 500 (152) 5 000 (1520)12 500 to 20 000, inc
32、l (55 600 to 89 000, incl) 250 (76) 5 000 (1520)12 500 to 20 000, incl (55 600 to 89 000, incl) 500 (152) . . . (. . .)A460 11 (2016)2without fracture, eight complete turns wrapped on itself in aclose helix or on a mandrel whose diameter shall be equal tothe nominal diameter of the wire.15. Dimensio
33、ns, Weight, and Permissible Variations15.1 The size of the component wires in the strand shall beexpressed in decimals of an inch or (millimetres) as prescribedin Table 1.15.2 The diameters of the component wires in the strandshall not vary from the nominal wire diameters by more than60.002 in. (0.0
34、5 mm).15.3 Nominal diameter of strand and approximate weight ofstrand are indicated in Table 1.16. Workmanship and Finish16.1 The finished strand shall be tight, smooth, and free ofimperfections not consistent with good commercial practice.16.2 The diameter of the finished strand shall be uniform,ex
35、cept for a minor increase in diameter due to a wire joint orsplice.17. Inspection17.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall havefree entry at all times to those parts of the plant concernedwhile work on the contract of the purchaser is being performed.The manufacturer shall afford the inspe
36、ctor all reasonablefacilities to satisfy him that the material is being furnished inaccordance with this specification. All tests and inspectionshall be made prior to shipment at the place of manufacture ofthe strand, unless otherwise specified and agreed upon at thetime of purchase, and shall be so
37、 conducted as not to interfereunnecessarily with the operation of the works. Such inspectionand sampling shall be made in conjunction with and to theextent of the manufacturers regular inspection operations. Thepurchaser may make the tests which govern the acceptance orrejection of the materials in
38、his own laboratories or elsewhere.18. Rejection18.1 If the wire or strand fails in the first test to meet anyrequirement of this specification, two additional tests shall bemade on samples of wire or strand from the same coil or reel.If failure occurs in either of these tests the lot of wire or stra
39、ndshall be rejected.19. Packaging, Marking, and Shipping19.1 Strand shall be furnished in standard lengths in com-pact coils described in Table 2, unless otherwise agreed upon atthe time of purchase. Reels shall be furnished only when sospecified by the purchaser.19.2 Only one length of strand shall
40、 be furnished in eachcoil or on each reel.19.3 Each coil or reel shall have a weatherproof tag securelyfastened to it showing the minimum breaking strength, numberof wires and length of strand,ASTM designation, and the nameor mark of the manufacturer. If additional information isrequired on the tag,
41、 it shall be so specified at the time ofpurchase.19.4 The strand shall be protected against damage in ordi-nary handling and shipping. Coils shall be thoroughly wrappedwith strong paper and properly tied. Reels shall be lagged whenspecified by the purchaser at the time of purchase.19.5 The diameter
42、of the coils and reels shall be thatgenerally supplied by the manufacturer, unless otherwiseagreed upon at the time of purchase.20. Keywords20.1 coatingsmetallic; copper clad materials; steel wirecopper clad; steel wire strandASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent
43、 rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at
44、 any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comment
45、s will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted b
46、y ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 11 (2016)3
