1、American National StandardDeveloped byfor Information Technology Finger Image BasedData Interchange FormatINCITS 381-2009INCITS 381-2009INCITS 381-2009Revision ofINCITS 381-2004American National Standardfor Information Technology Finger Image BasedData Interchange FormatSecretariatInformation Techno
2、logy Industry CouncilApproved September 14, 2009 American National Standards Institute, Inc.AbstractThis standard specifies an interchange format for the exchange of image-based fingerprint and palm printrecognition data. It defines the content, format, and units of measurement for such information.
3、 This stan-dard is intended for those identification and verification applications that require the use of raw or pro-cessed image data containing detailed pixel information.Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that therequirements for due process, consensus, and other c
4、riteria for approval havebeen met by the standards developer.Consensus is established when, in the judgement of the ANSI Board ofStandards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly andmaterially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more thana simple majority, but not
5、 necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that allviews and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be madetowards their resolution.The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; theirexistence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approvedthe standa
6、rds or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or usingproducts, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards andwill in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American NationalStandard. Moreover, no per
7、son shall have the right or authority to issue aninterpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the AmericanNational Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should beaddressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the titlepage of this standard.CAUTION NOTICE:
8、 This American National Standard may be revised orwithdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National StandardsInstitute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, orwithdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards mayreceive current information on all
9、 standards by calling or writing the AmericanNational Standards Institute.American National StandardPublished byAmerican National Standards Institute, Inc.25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036Copyright 2009 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI)All rights reserved.No part of this publica
10、tion may be reproduced in anyform, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without prior written permission of ITI, 1101 K Street NW, Suite 610, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of AmericaCAUTION: The developers of this standard have requested that holders of patents that ma
11、y berequired for the implementation of the standard disclose such patents to the publisher. However,neither the developers nor the publisher have undertaken a patent search in order to identifywhich, if any, patents may apply to this standard. As of the date of publication of this standardand follow
12、ing calls for the identification of patents that may be required for the implementation ofthe standard, no such claims have been made. No further patent search is conducted by the de-veloper or publisher in respect to any standard it processes. No representation is made or impliedthat licenses are n
13、ot required to avoid infringement in the use of this standard.iContentsPageForeword .ivIntroduction .ix1 Scope. 12 Conformance . 13 Normative references. 14 Terms and definitions. 25 Abbreviated terms 36 Data conversions . 46.1 Byte and bit ordering 46.2 Scan sequence 47 Image acquisition requiremen
14、ts. 47.1 Overview 47.2 Acquisition levels . 57.2.1 Scan resolution 57.2.2 Pixel depth . 57.2.3 Dynamic range. 67.3 Pixel aspect ratio 67.4 Grayscale data. 67.5 Image resolution 67.6 Fingerprint image location 68 Finger image record format 78.1 Single-subject records . 78.2 CBEFF format owner and typ
15、e codes 78.3 Record Structure 78.3.1 General record header. 78.3.1.1 Overview 78.3.1.2 Format identifier. 78.3.1.3 Version number 88.3.1.4 Record length. 88.3.1.5 CBEFF Product identifier . 88.3.1.6 Capture device ID 98.3.1.7 Image acquisition level. 98.3.1.8 Number of finger/palm image views. 98.3.
16、1.9 Image Compression algorithm. 98.3.1.10 Reserved 98.3.2 Finger record header . 108.3.2.1 Overview 108.3.2.2 Length of finger/palm data block 108.3.2.3 Finger/palm position. 108.3.2.4 Count of views . 11iiPage8.3.2.5 View number 118.3.2.6 Finger/Palm image quality . 118.3.2.7 Impression type . 118
17、.3.2.8 Horizontal line length . 118.3.2.9 Vertical line length . 118.3.2.10 Pixel despth . 148.3.2.11 Scale units . 148.3.2.12 Scan resolution (horizontal) . 148.3.2.13 Scan resolution (vertical) . 148.3.2.14 Image resolution (horizontal) . 148.3.2.15 Image resolution (vertical) . 148.3.2.16 Reserve
18、d . 148.3.2.17 Image data length 158.3.2.18 Finger/Palm image data. 158.4 Extended data 158.4.1 Extended data block function. 158.4.2 Extended data block structure . 158.4.2.1 Extended data block format . 158.4.2.2 Type identification code . 158.4.2.3 Length of data 168.4.2.4 Data section. 168.4.3 S
19、egmentation data format . 168.4.3.1 Segment algorithm and owner ID 168.4.3.2 Segmentation quality score . 168.4.3.3 Finger quality algorithm and owner ID . 168.4.3.4 Number of segments . 168.4.3.5 Finger segment data 178.4.3.5.1 Finger position . 178.4.3.5.2 Finger quality . 178.4.3.5.3 Number of co
20、ordinate pairs . 188.4.3.5.3.1 X-coordinate 188.4.3.5.3.2 Y coordinate. 188.4.4 Annotation data format 188.4.4.1 Number of annotations 188.4.4.2 Finger position . 198.4.4.3 Annotation Code 198.4.5 Comment data format 198.4.6 Vensor-defined data format . 19AnnexesA ISFIS image quality specifications
21、. 20B Finger image data record example 42C Bibliography . 44iiiPageFigure1 Order of scanned lines . 4Tables1 Image acquisition setting levels . 52 General record header . 83 Compression algorithm codes 104 Finger image header record. 125 Finger position codes, areas, and maximum dimensions 136 Palm
22、codes, areas, and maximum dimensions 137 Finger and palm impression types . 148 Extended Data Area Type codes . 159 Segmentation data . 1710 Annotation data 18ivForeword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard INCITS 381-2009.)This standard specifies an interchange format for the ex
23、change of image-based fin-gerprint and palm print recognition data. It defines the content, format, and units ofmeasurement for such information. This standard is intended for those identificationand verification applications that require the use of raw or processed image data con-taining detailed p
24、ixel information. This document contains three annexes. Annex A, which is considered part of thisstandard, is normative and describes image quality requirements specified by the im-age acquisition settings. Annex B is an informative annex. It provides an example ofthe use of this standard and is not
25、 considered part of this standard. Annex C, the Bib-liography, is also informative and is not considered part of this standard. INCITS (The International Committee for Information Technology Standards) is theANSI recognized Standards Development Organization for information technologywithin the Unit
26、ed States of America. Members of INCITS are drawn from Govern-ment, Corporations, Academia and other organizations with a material interest in thework of INCITS and its Technical Committees. INCITS does not restrict membershipand attracts participants in its technical work from 13 different countrie
27、s, and oper-ates under the rules of the American National Standards Institute. In the field of Biometrics, INCITS has established the Technical Committee M1. Stan-dards developed by this Technical Committee have reached consensus throughoutthe development process and have been thoroughly reviewed th
28、rough several PublicReview processes. In addition, this American National Standard has been approvedby the INCITS Executive Board and ANSI Board of Standards Review for Publicationas an ANSI-approved INCITS Standard.Requests for interpretation, suggestions for improvement or addenda, or defect re-po
29、rts are welcome. They should be sent to InterNational Committee for InformationTechnology Standards (INCITS), ITI, 1101 K Street, NW, Suite 610, Washington, DC20005. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by INCITS. Com-mittee approval of this standard does not necessarily im
30、ply that all committee mem-bers voted for its approval. At the time it approved this standard, INCITS had thefollowing members: Don Wright, ChairJennifer Garner, SecretaryOrganization Represented Name of RepresentativeAdobe Systems, Inc. Scott FosheeSteve Zilles (Alt.)AIM Global, Inc. Dan MullenChar
31、les Biss (Alt.)Apple Computer, Inc. Kwok LauHelene Workman (Alt.)David Singer (Alt.)Distributed Managment Task Force . Tony DiCenzoJeff Hilland (Alt.)Winston Bumpus (Alt.)Electronic Industries Alliance . Edward Mikoski, Jr.EMC Corporation Gary RobinsonFarance, Inc. Frank FaranceTimothy Schoechle (Al
32、t.)Google Zaheda BhoratRobert Tai (Alt.)vOrganization Represented Name of RepresentativeGS1 US .Ray DelnickiFrank Sharkey (Alt.)James Chronowski (Alt.)Mary Wilson (Alt.)Hewlett-Packard Company .Karen HigginbottomPaul Jeran (Alt.)IBM Corporation Ronald F. SillettiRobert Weir (Alt.)IEEE Judith GormanT
33、erry DeCourcelle (Alt.)Bill Ash (Alt.)Jodie Haasz (Alt.)Bob Labelle (Alt.)Susan Tatiner (Alt.)Intel .Philip WennblomDave Thewlis (Alt.)Grace Wei (Alt.)Steven Balogh (Alt.)Lexmark InternationalDon WrightDwight Lewis (Alt.)Paul Menard (Alt.)Microsoft CorporationJim HughesDave Welsh (Alt.)Mark Ryland (
34、Alt.)National Institute of Standards also referred to as monochrome or black and white. 4.7 image resolution the number of pixels per unit distance in the interchanged image NOTE This may be the result of processing a captured image. The original captured scanned image may have been subsampled, scal
35、ed, interpolated downward, or otherwise processed to produce a form for representing the ridge and valley structure areas of the fingerprint. 4.8 live capture the process of capturing a biometric sample through an interaction between a subject and a biometric system. INCITS 381-2009 3 4.9 palm the f
36、riction ridge skin on the side and underside of the hand 4.10 pixel a picture element located on an n by m matrix of picture elements, where n is the horizontal component and m is the vertical component. 4.11 plain fingerprint image image captured from a finger placed on a platen without any rolling
37、 movement the center portion of a fingerprint image area 4.12 rolled fingerprint image image area captured that is located between the two edges of the fingernail. Acquired using a rolling motion from one edge of the fingernail to the other. 4.13 scan resolution the number of pixels per unit distanc
38、e used by a sensor or scanning device to initially capture a fingerprint or palmprint image 4.14 subject the person whose biometric data is being collected 4.15 transaction a command, message, or input record that explicitly or implicitly calls for a processing action. Information contained in a tra
39、nsaction shall be applicable to a single subject. 4.16 valley the area surrounding a friction ridge, which does not make contact with an incident surface under normal touch; the area of the finger image area between two friction ridges. 5 Abbreviated terms 5.1 ppcm Abbreviation for pixels per centim
40、eter. 5.2 ppi Abbreviation for pixels per inch. 5.3 ppmm Abbreviation for pixels per millimeter INCITS 381-2009 4 6 Data conventions 6.1 Byte and bit ordering Each item of information, field, or logical record shall contain one or more bytes of data. Within a record all multibyte quantities are repr
41、esented in Big-Endian format. That is, the more significant bytes of any multibyte quantity are stored at lower addresses in memory than less significant bytes. The order for transmission shall also be the most significant byte first and least significant byte last. Within a byte, the order of trans
42、mission shall be the most significant bit first and the least significant bit last. All numeric values are fixed-length unsigned integer quantities. 6.2 Scan sequence It is not the purpose of this standard to specify the orientation of the finger (or palm), the method of scanning, or the order of sc
43、anning used to capture the image. However, each image as presented in accordance with this format standard shall appear to have been captured in an upright position and approximately centered horizontally in the field of view. The recorded image data shall appear to be the result of a scanning of a
44、conventional inked impression of a fingerprint. The scanning sequence (and recorded data) shall appear to have been from left-to-right, progressing from top-to-bottom of the fingerprint or palm print. Figure 1 illustrates the recording order for the scanned image. For the purpose of describing the p
45、osition of each pixel within an image to be exchanged, a pair of reference axes shall be used. The origin of the axes, pixel location (0,0), shall be located at the upper left-hand corner of each image. The x-coordinate (horizontal) position shall increase positively from the origin to the right sid
46、e of the image. The y-coordinate (vertical) position shall increase positively from the origin to the bottom of the image. Figure 1 Order of scanned lines 7 Image acquisition requirements 7.1 Overview Image capture requirements are dependent on various factors including the application, the availabl
47、e amount of raw pixel information to retain or exchange, and targeted performance metrics. As a result of these factors, numeric values for specific image capture parameters will be associated with one of several combinations of image acquisition parameters settings. The choice of the image acquisit
48、ion settings level should therefore be commensurate with the system and application requirements. INCITS 381-2009 5 7.2 Acquisition levels Table 1 lists the minimum requirements for selected image acquisition parameters as a function of the image acquisition settings level desired. A tolerance of pl
49、us or minus 1% is applicable to the minimum numeric values stated for the scan resolution and dynamic range parameters. The last column indicates compliance with established certification procedures. Values for setting levels 40 or 41 are intended for applications requiring the greatest amount of detailed information. Scanners capable of level 30 and 31 performance are currently available and are being deployed for law enforcement purposes. Level 30 or 31 applications primarily include law enforcement agencies. Both level 41 and 31 systems should be certified using these an
