1、Overall Plant PerformancePerformance Test CodesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME PTC 46-2015(Revision of ASME PTC 46-1996)ASME PTC 46-2015(Revision of ASME PTC 46-1996)Overall PlantPerformancePerformance Test CodesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: O
2、ctober 25, 2016This Code will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisdocument. Interpretations are published on the Committee Web page and undergo.asme.org/InterpsDatabase. Per
3、iodically certain actions of the ASME PTC Committee may bepublished as Cases. Cases are published on the ASME Web site under the PTC Committee Page atgo.asme.org/PTCcommittee as they are issued.Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages toprovide corre
4、ctions to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The PTC Committee Page can be found at go.asme.org/PTCcommittee. There is an option availableto automatically receive an e-mail notification wh
5、en errata are posted to a particular code or standard.This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under
6、 procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavaila
7、ble for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with r
8、espect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard ar
9、e expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry
10、endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any for
11、m,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2016 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSNotice .
12、 viForeword viiCommittee Roster . ixCorrespondence With the PTC Committee xIntroduction . xiSection 1 Object and Scope . 11-1 Object . 11-2 Scope 11-3 Test Uncertainty . 11-4 References . 2Section 2 Definitions and Descriptions of Terms 42-1 Definitions of Correction Factors . 42-2 Terms . 4Section
13、3 Guiding Principles. 83-1 Introduction . 83-2 Test Plan 143-3 Test Preparations 163-4 Conduct of the Test 173-5 Calculation and Reporting of Results . 21Section 4 Instruments and Methods of Measurement 234-1 General Requirements 234-2 Pressure Measurement . 274-3 Temperature Measurement . 314-4 Hum
14、idity Measurement 394-5 Flow Measurement . 414-6 Primary Heat Input Measurement 484-7 Electrical Generation Measurement . 494-8 Grid Frequency 564-9 Data Collection and Handling 56Section 5 Calculations and Results. 585-1 Fundamental Equations 585-2 Measured Plant Power and Heat Input Terms in the F
15、undamentalEquations . 585-3 Particularizing Fundamental Performance Equations to Specific Cycles andTest Objectives 615-4 Discussion of Application of Correction Factors . 635-5 Special Considerations of Performance Equations as Applied to CombinedCycles . 705-6 Special Case When Piping Is Outside t
16、he Test Boundary 755-7 Special Considerations as Applied to Steam Turbine Plants 75Section 6 Report of Results 786-1 General Requirements 786-2 Executive Summary 786-3 Introduction . 786-4 Calculations and Results . 786-5 Instrumentation 79iii6-6 Conclusions . 796-7 Appendices 79Section 7 Test Uncer
17、tainty. 807-1 Introduction . 807-2 Pretest Uncertainty Analysis . 807-3 Post-test Uncertainty Analysis 807-4 Inputs for an Uncertainty Analysis . 80Figures3-1.5-1 Generic Test Boundary . 113-1.5-2 Typical Steam Plant Test Boundary . 113-1.5-3 Typical Combined Cycle Plant Test Boundary . 123-4.4.3-1
18、Three Post-test Cases . 214-2.6.2-1 Five-Way Manifold . 304-2.6.2-2 Water Leg Correction for Flow Measurement . 324-3.3.2.1-1 Four-Wire RTDs . 344-3.3.2.2-1 Three-Wire RTDs . 354-3.6.2-1 Flow-Through Well 364-7.3.1-1 Three-Wire Metering System . 514-7.3.2-1 Four-Wire Metering System 525-4.1.5-1 Typi
19、cal Test Boundary for a Power Plant Requiring Application of HeatSink Correction Factor, H90045Aor H92755A665-4.1.5-2 Typical Test Boundary for a Power Plant Requiring Application of HeatSink Correction Factor, H90045Bor H92755B675-4.1.5-3 Typical Test Boundary for a Power Plant Requiring Applicatio
20、n of HeatSink Correction Factor, H90045Cor H92755C685-7.3-1 Output Versus Throttle Steam Flow 765-7.4-1 Typical Test Boundary for a Reheat Rankine Steam Cycle Power Plant . 77Tables1-3-1 Largest Allowable Test Uncertainties . 22-1.1-1 Symbols . 52-1.1-2 Subscripts . 53-1.4.1-1 Guidance for Establish
21、ing Permissible Deviations From Design(All Values) . 103-1.10-1 Design, Construction, and Start-up Considerations 153-4-1 Typical Pretest Stabilization Periods 173-4-2 Recommended Minimum Test Run Durations . 174-2.6.2-1 Units and Conversion Factor for Water Leg Correction for FlowMeasurement 334-5.
22、1-1 Recommendations for Differential Pressure Meters for DifferentApplications . 424-5.3.1-1 Units and Conversion Factor for Mass Flow Through a Differential PressureClass Meter . 444-5.3.1-2 Summary Uncertainty of Discharge Coefficient and Expansion Factor 454-7.3-1 Metering Method Restrictions Sum
23、mary 505-1-1 Summary of Additive Correction Factors in Fundamental PerformanceEquations . 595-1-2 Summary of Multiplicative Correction Factors in Fundamental PerformanceEquations . 605-3.4-1 Examples of Typical Cycles and Test Objectives Corresponding SpecificPerformance Equations 635-5.3-1 Required
24、 Test Series for Phased Construction Combined Cycle Plants 72Nonmandatory AppendicesA Sample Calculations, Combined Cycle Cogeneration Plant Without DuctFiring Internal Heat Sink 81ivB Sample Calculations, Combined Cycle Cogeneration Plant With DuctFiring External Heat Sink . 87C Sample Calculations
25、, Combined Cycle Cogeneration Plant Without DuctFiring External Heat Sink . 106D Representation of Correction for Different Heat Sink Temperature Than GasTurbine Air Inlet Temperature (H90045or H92755), if Necessary, for a TypicalCombined Cycle Plant . 118E Sample Calculation of a Coal-Fired Supercr
26、itical Condensing Steam TurbineBased Plant 121F Sample Uncertainty Calculation: Combined Cycle Plant Without DuctFiring . 160G Entering Air Conditions 280H Methodology to Determine Part Load Test Corrected Heat Rate at aSpecified Reference Condition for a Combined Cycle Plant 281I Plant Testing With
27、 Inlet Air-Conditioning Equipment Out of Service . 290vNOTICEAll Performance Test Codes must adhere to the requirements of ASME PTC 1, GeneralInstructions. The following information is based on that document and is included here foremphasis and for the convenience of the user of the Code. It is expe
28、cted that the Code user isfully cognizant of Sections 1 and 3 of ASME PTC 1 and has read them prior to applying thisCode.ASME Performance Test Codes provide test procedures that yield results of the highest levelof accuracy consistent with the best engineering knowledge and practice currently availa
29、ble.They were developed by balanced committees representing all concerned interests and specifyprocedures, instrumentation, equipment-operating requirements, calculation methods, and uncer-tainty analysis.When tests are run in accordance with a Code, the test results themselves, without adjustmentfo
30、r uncertainty, yield the best available indication of the actual performance of the tested equip-ment. ASME Performance Test Codes do not specify means to compare those results to contractualguarantees. Therefore, it is recommended that the parties to a commercial test agree before startingthe test
31、and preferably before signing the contract on the method to be used for comparing thetest results to the contractual guarantees. It is beyond the scope of any Code to determine orinterpret how such comparisons shall be made.viFOREWORDASME Performance Test Codes (PTCs) have been developed and have lo
32、ng existed for determin-ing the performance of most major components used in electric power production facilities. Thesemajor component focused performance test codes served the industry well until changes in theelectric power generation industry exposed the need for a code addressing overall power
33、plantperformance testing. In response to these needs, the ASME Board on Performance Test Codesapproved the formation of a committee (ASME PTC 46) in June 1991 with the charter of developinga code for the determination of overall power plant performance. The organizational meeting ofthis Committee wa
34、s held in September 1991. The resulting Committee included experienced andqualified users, manufacturers, and general interest category personnel from both the regulatedand non-regulated electric power generating industry.In developing the first issue of this Code, the Committee reviewed common indu
35、stry practiceswith regard to overall power plant and cogeneration facility testing. The Committee was not ableto identify any general consensus testing methods, and discovered many conflicting philosophies.The Committee has strived to develop an objective code which addresses the multiple needs fore
36、xplicit testing methods and procedures, while attempting to provide maximum flexibility inrecognition of the wide range of plant designs and the multiple needs for this Code.The first edition of ASME PTC 46 was found to be very beneficial to the industry, as predicted.It was applied around the world
37、 by reference in contracts, as well as applied as the basis ofongoing plant performance engineering activities.The committee members met about seven years after the initial publication to discuss lessons-learned from experience with code applications that required strengthening or otherwise modi-fyi
38、ng the Code. New members with extensive experience using the Code were at that time broughton to the committee.All sections were revamped, based on the lessons-learned study and industry assessment, toclarify unforeseen misinterpretations and to add more necessary information.Section 3 was revised t
39、o sharpen the descriptions of the fundamental principles used for anoverall plant performance test, and to present information in a more organized fashion.Section 4 was rewritten. The instrumentation technology was brought up-to-date, and morein-depth information was provided for each type of instru
40、ment, including harmonization withASME PTC 19.5. ASME PTC 46 was the first ASME Performance Test Code to clearly differentiatebetween calculated variables and measured parameters, and classify them as primary or secondary.Instrumentation requirements were thus determined as being Class 1 or Class 2.
41、 As such, selectionof instrumentation was made more structured, economical, and efficient. This information wasclarified further in the Section 4 revision. Details concerning calibration methodology both in theinstrumentation laboratory as well as for field calibrations were also added to Section 4.
42、Details regarding application of the generalized performance equations to specific power tech-nologies and test goals have been clarified and expanded in Section 5, providing additionalguidance for various types of plants and cycles. In the decade and a half since the publicationof the original vers
43、ion of this Code, the industry has had sufficient time to study the uncertaintyimplications of testing plants with the inlet air conditioning equipment in service and also to accruea significant body of practical experience in the application of the Code. These developments haveled the authors to co
44、nclude that testing with inlet air conditioning equipment in service can beaccomplished within required considerations of practicality and test uncertainty. Based on this,Section 5 was revised to recommend testing with the inlet air conditioning systems configuredto match the reference conditions pr
45、ovided the ambient conditions allow. The combined cycleplant phase testing methodology was updated to account for additional parameters when goingfrom simple cycle to combined cycle operation and incorporates the use of “non-phased” CCplant correction curves in combination with GT correction curves,
46、 which leads to a more accuratetest result while providing more usability for the set of correction curves. Section 5 also providesmore background on development of correction curves from integrated heat balance computerviimodels as opposed to non-integrated heat balance computer models of Rankine c
47、ycle powerplants. By integrated model, it is meant that the steam generator is integrated into the heat balancecomputer model. Additionally, Nonmandatory Appendix H was added to define a methodology todetermine part load test corrected heat rate at a specified reference condition. More direction isg
48、iven for testing Rankine cycle power plants in Nonmandatory Appendix E, with two newdetailed sample calculations (one using an integrated model and one using a non-integratedmodel) given in the appendices for a coal-fired steam power plant.A far more detailed uncertainty analysis was published than
49、in the previous edition, and isin harmony with ASME PTC 19.1. Detailed explanations are provided for each step of thecalculation in Nonmandatory Appendix F.Lastly, ASME PTC 46 was perceived by some in the industry who had only passing acquaintancewith it as being applicable to combined cycle power plants only. The strengthening of Section 5applications to Rankine cycles and the more thorough coal-fired plant sample calculations shouldgo far to change that perception. Performance test engineers who are experienced users of theCode also recognize the applicability of the generali
