1、BEST PRACTICES IN CENSUS IMPLEMENTATION: The Case of The 2009 Kenya Population and Housing CensusCollins O. Opiyo Director for Population & Social Statistics Kenya National Bureau of StatisticsPresented at the UN Regional Seminar on Census Data Dissemination and Spatial Analysis in Nairobi, Kenya: 1
2、4-17 September 2010,OUTLINE,INTRODUCTION HISTORY OF CENSUS-TAKING IN KENYA 2009 CENSUS OBJECTIVES 2009 CENSUS METHODOLOGY BEST PRACTICES CHALLENGES BASIC REPORTS CONTENTS THOUGHTS ON ANALYSIS PLANS CONCLUSIONS,INTRODUCTION,Each census is presents unique challenges Census conducted against the backdr
3、op of: International financial meltdown Drought / Famine Post-election violence High public awareness Fragmented and liberal media Insecurity concerns Rapid creation on new administrative Share best practices based on the challenges,CENSUS-TAKING IN KENYA: A century of success & experience,Evolution
4、 from head-counts to complex inquiries: 1897- 2.5m 1948- 5.4m 1962- 8.6m 1969- 10.9m 1979- 15.3m 1989- 21.4m 1999- 28.7m 2009- 38.6m,OBJECTIVES OF THE 2009 CENSUS,Overall: collect demographic and socio-economic data for decision-making Specific: Ascertain- Size, composition, spatial distribution Pop
5、ulation dynamics Social, economic and other characteristics Housing conditions and amenities,6,UN Principles & Recommendations observed Census Night: 24th/25th August 2009 De Facto, Canvasser methods used Main questionnaire & 4 short questionnaires (extensive user consultation) Questions - for imple
6、menting Vision 2030 & global devt agenda (MDGs) Admin & political units (districts, constituencies, counties) New Technology to ensure efficiency & accuracy (GIS, scanning using US Census Bureau supported ICADE) PES conducted External M&E of census process undertaken,OVERVIEW OF THE 2009 CENSUS METH
7、ODOLOGY,QUESTIONNAIRE HIGHLIGHTS,Administrative, political, informal units Disability Maternal deaths Employment sector (formal, informal) Livestock census (stock, variety) Use of ICT (computer/internet, mobile phones) Emigrants (characteristics, remittances),NUMBERS IN 2009 CENSUS,Budget: Ksh. 7.4
8、billion, revised to Ksh. 8 billion (100 million USD); Government funding 95% Cost per capita: USD 2.5 Slightly more than half (Ksh.4.5 billion) pays recruited personnel Field personnel Senior Supervisors: 6,000 Supervisors: 22,000 Enumerators: 115,000 Village elders: 100,000 Security personnel: 45,0
9、00 Questionnaires: 12 million,BEST PRACTICES,Strict adherence to UN Principles and Recommendations Regularity (decennial periodicity) Simultaneity Universality Pilot census undertaken Post Enumeration Survey (PES) conducted External monitoring and evaluation undertaken Risk Analysis Matrix developed
10、,BEST PRACTICES,EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE KNBS Board of Directors National Census Steering Committee (NCSC) National Census Officer / PS - Planning Census Secretariat National Census Coordinator / Director General KNBS Technical Working Committee (TWC) District Census Committees (DCCs) Sub-Comm
11、ittees (Logistics, Publicity & Advocacy, Finance & Administration, Recruitment) DONOR FORUM coordinated by UNFPA-Kenya,BEST PRACTICES,POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AND COMMITMENT AT HIGHEST LEVELGovt commitment to funding the census National Census Launch by the President and other dignitaries Advocacy/sensi
12、tization meetings for key opinion influencers Chaired by Minister,BEST PRACTICES,EFFECTIVE USE OF NEW TECHNOLOGY IN CARTOGRAPHIC MAPPING GPS (Global Positioning System) Satellite/Aerial images GIS database Maps digitized, verified,BEST PRACTICES,EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION STRATEGY Communication strateg
13、y developed and implemented; Census logo developed Marketed census as national exercise, linked to national and global devt goals 25-day countdown to enumeration, launched by the President Sensitized key opinion influencers IEC materials (FAQs, posters, brochures, docu-drama, documentary) Message fo
14、cused on individual That it is in their best interest to be enumerated Census process divorced from politics.,BEST PRACTICES,COMPETITIVE RECRUITMENT & EFFECTIVE TRAINING Field positions advertised Clear guidelines issued Transparent Interviews conducted Trainers (TOT) drawn among technical collabora
15、ting institutions & national experts Attractive field allowances,BEST PRACTICES,SECURITY CONCERNS ADDRESSED Adequate security arrangements Security Chiefs provided with lists of census personnel by village Meeting with security council Meeting with police Commissioner and Operations Chiefs Meeting w
16、ith other security operatives (Police, NSIS, OP) on insecurity hotspots Security operation plan for each District,BEST PRACTICES,EXTERNAL M&E OF CENSUS PROCESS TASKS Observe, monitor & document: Recruitment & Training Adequacy, dispatch of materials Preparedness of District offices Enumeration Readi
17、ness of data processing center General Administration and Logistics,BEST PRACTICES,ENUMERATION Public sensitized on importance of being counted (public, business, research uses of data) Census/Public holiday; limited social activity and travel VIPs zoned and enumerated on Census Night; media coverag
18、e Proactive media management daily media briefings on progress Communication Center/hotlines set up,BEST PRACTICES,PRUDENT TRANSPORT STRATEGY Mobilized from government Ministries / Departments / Public institutions (HQs, Districts) Mobilised from Donors, Private Sector Encouraged Snr. Supervisors to
19、 use own vehicles for a fee Out-sourced material dispatch,BEST PRACTICES,OTHERS Partnership with commercial banks facilitated setting up of census accounts for every district Census personnel encouraged to open bank accounts where necessary for free; Money for personnel wired directly to their accou
20、nts Use of ICT mobile phones, internet increased real-time response Printing of questionnaires based on comprehensive specs and quality-controlled by senior ICT staff,BEST PRACTICES,OTHERS Provision of insurance cover for all census personnel Publication of results at both administrative and politic
21、al units Splitting of census basic volumes to accommodate more details Undertaking of preliminary validation of the results Short message service (SMS) query system (3151 on zain or Safaricom),CHALLENGES / CONSTRAINTS,Competing national interests: Famine/hunger, drought, resettlement of IDPs Insecur
22、ity concerns Post-election violenceDelays in mapping; sensitivity to certain questions Enumeration of Pastoralists and border populations Boundary Disputes Transport & Logistics Creation of new districts (from 70 in 1999 to nearly 300 currently) Increasingly fragmented (liberal) media Resource mobil
23、ization,BASIC REPORTS CONTENTS,4 Basic Volumes Volume IA Volume IB Volume IC Volume II,BASIC REPORTS ,Vol. IA :Population Distribution by Administrative Units Vol. IB :Population Distribution by Political units (Const. & counties) Vol. IC :Population Distribution by Age and Sex Vol. II :Population &
24、 Household Distribution by Socio-Economic Characteristics,CONTENTS: Volume IA,5 Tables: (1, 1a, 1b, 2 and 3) Shows population distribution by sex, number of households, land area in KM2 and population density Table 1:Summary population at National, provincial and district level for the 158 census di
25、stricts Tables 1a &1b: Rural/Urban-By sex, HHlds, area and density Table 2:Presents data up to Sub-Location,CONTENTS: Volume IB Political Units:,Four tables (1,1a, 2 and 2a) Two levels: Constituency and County Tables 1 and 1a Present population distributed by sex, number of households, area and dens
26、ity at Constituency and County levels respectively Tables 1 and 1a: Show population distribution in single years of age by Constituency and County.,CONTENTS: Volume IC,Three tables (1,2 and 3) At National, Provincial and District levels. Tables 1 Present population distributed by single years of age
27、 Tables 2 and 3: Population distribution by single years of age by Rural and Urban.,CONTENTS: Volume II,At National, Provincial and District levels. First Tables: Education Two tables on Labour Force Nine on Housing One table each on water, sanitation, lighting, tribe, religion, livestock and asset
28、ownership.,SOME THOUGHTS ON ANALYSIS PLANS,Several products can be “harvested” from census data thoughtful analysis plans required Collaboration with different stakeholders and research institutions is encouraged; Adds a lot of value Market segmentation and stakeholder involvement in analysis and di
29、ssemination helps to tone down “Jargon” and “professional arrogance” that is commonplace in technical reports, and creates ownership across board Analysis should be guided by the principle of “distilling data for policy”.,CONCLUSIONS,CENSUS IMPLEMENTATION IS A NECESSARY EVIL MASSIVE investment requiring mobilization of national resources MUST guarantee CREDIBILITY of the exercise to enlist public cooperation Requires SACRIFICE - good public service,THANK YOU 2009 CENSUS A HUGE SUCCESS! Can we do it all over, again?,
