1、2018年湖南省师大附中高三高考模拟卷（二）试题英语本试题卷分为听力、阅读理解、英语知识运用和写作四个部分，共14页。时量120分钟。满分150分。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AEnglishWorld languageOnce people dreamed of a language that everybody in the world could understand. Now, forthe first time in huma
2、n history, perhaps there is oneEnglish. It is the official language in more than 50 countries and 250300 million speak it as a second language. Some say that half theworld will be speaking it in the year 2050.Difficult to master?English is not the easiest language to learnmost of its common verbs ar
3、e irregular and ithas a large vocabularyat least 200，000 words are in common use. Its pronunciation and writtenform are also very different.UserfriendlyBut some things make it easynouns dont have gender and verbs are less complicated thanother languages. There is only one form to speak to someone di
4、rectlyyou. Adjectives dontagree with nouns, and many nouns are often also verbs.English is everywhereSome other languages may have more speakers, like Spanish or Mandarin. But English isused in many different areas. It is the language of transport: most airline pilots and airtraffic controllers use
5、it. At sea a simple form of English is the international language of communication.English for progressIt is also the first language of science, technology and educationan estimated 80 per cent ofthe information stored on the internet is in English and 90 per cent of schoolchildren in Europeancountr
6、ies study it as their first foreign language.New wordsAround 25,000 new words and expressions enter the English language every year. Do youknow what a helicopter parent is?a mother or father too involved in the life of their child. Andwhat about a boomerang child?a young adult who returns to live wi
7、th their parents for financialreasons.The future of EnglishWhat is the future of English as a global language? Will another language ever replace it?Many think notit is already too popular. 21.According to the text, how many people speak English as a second language?A.Around 25，000 million.B. 250300
8、 million.C.At least 200，000 million.D. 90 million. 解析：第一段中可找到答案。答案：B22.According to the text, why could English be used as a global language?A. It has more speakers, compared with other languages.B.Adjectives agree with nouns.C. It is the first language of science, technology and education.D. It is
9、the easiest language to learn.解析：根据第四段第一句可知A错误，从第三段看出B错误，从第五段可知C正确，从第二段可知D错误。答案：C23. Which of the following words best describes the writers attitude?A. Objective.B. Subjective. C. Indifferent.D. Critical.解析：阅读全文可知，作者只是在客观陈述事实，并没有发表个人看法，所以A正确。答案：A BMy son Gilbert was eight years old and had been in
10、the Cub Scouts(童子军团) only a shorttime. Once he was handed a sheet of paper, a block of wood and four tires and told to return homeand give them all to his father. That was not an easy task for Gilbert to do. The piece of paper wasa set of instructions about how to build a wooden racing car. Gilberts
11、 father laughed when he readthe instructions. The block of wood remained untouched as the weeks passed.Finally, I stepped in to see if I could figure it all out. Having no skills, I decided it would bebest if I simply read the instructions and let Gilbert do the work. And he did. Within days, his bl
12、ock of wood was turning into a pinewood racing car.Then the big night came. With his pinewood racing car in his hand and pride in his heart weheaded to the big race. As the race was done in elimination fashion(淘汰赛形式), you could keepracing as long as you were the winner.Finally, it was between Gilber
13、t and the fastestlooking car there. As the race was about tobegin, Gilbert asked if they could stop for a minute, because he wanted to pray. Then the racestopped.Gilbert prayed in earnest for a very long minute. The Master came up to Gilbert and askedthe obvious question, “So you prayed to win, Gilb
14、ert?”My young son answered, “Oh, no Sir. It wouldnt be fair to ask God to help you beatsomeone else. I just asked him to make it so I dont cry when I lose.”Children seem to have wisdom far beyond us. Perhaps we spend too much of our prayer timeasking God to control the race, make us number one, or r
15、emove us from the struggle, when we should be seeking Gods strength to get through our difficulties.24. The block of wood remained untouched for weeks because_.A. Gilbert didnt want to make the carB. nobody guided Gilbert through the instructionsC. Gilberts father was too busy to make the car D. the
16、 author promised that she would make the car解析：从下文可知，妈妈给Gilbert念了说明，他就自己把车做好了，所以A错误B正确。C项和D项没有提及。答案：B25. _ finally made the pinewood racing car.A. GilbertB. Gilberts fatherC. The authorD. Gilbert and his father解析：从第二段可知，作者只是给Gilbert阅读了说明，是Gilbert自己做的车。答案：A26. We can infer from the passage that _A. G
17、ilberts father was irresponsible B. Gilbert was very proud of his carC. Gilbert wanted to win the game very muchD. Gilbert was the cleverest child in his class解析：Gilbert的爸爸不和他一起做车并不能推出他就是不负责任的，所以A错误。从第三段第二句可知B正确。从后文可知C错误。D项没有提及。答案：B27. The author wrote the passage in order to tell us that _A. winnin
18、g is the most important thingB. victory is having the courage to overcome difficultiesC. we should spend more time with our childrenD. children have much more wisdom than adults解析：全文作者的观点是名次并不是最重要的，重要的是有克服困难的勇气。A项的输赢不是重点，B项正确，C项没有提及，D项只是作者的一个感慨，且文章句中用的是seem， 并不是说客观上总是这样，所以D错误。答案：B CFinding fruits an
19、d vegetables at your typical grocery store that have been grown without theextensive use of pesticides can be difficult. Fortunately, The Environmental Working Group(EWG)has done all of the work for you in finding healthy and pesticidefree produce.EWG has created the 2018 Shoppers Guide to Pesticide
20、s in Produce, which helps shoppersto find uncontaminated produce. Many consumers do not realize that pesticide residues(残留) arevery common on conventionally grown produce products, even after they have been washed orpeeled. Because of this, EWG has created their series of guides to lead consumers to
21、 safer foodchoices.In order to create these guides, EWG analyzed the USDA pesticides tests, which found a total of 230 different pesticides and pesticides breakdown products on thousands of produce samples.Analyzing this information, EWG observed the big differences of the amount of pesticides found
22、from product to product.The guides two main components are two compiled lists highlighting the cleanest anddirtiest produce concerning pesticides. These two lists, Dirty Dozen and Clean Fifteen, show consumers how certain foods continue to carry trace amounts of pesticides with them all the wayto th
23、e grocery store shelves, while others make it to your kitchen virtually pesticidefree.Some of the highlights from their analyses included the following findings：More than onethird of strawberry samples analyzed in 2016 contained 10 or morepesticide residues and breakdown products.Spinach(菠菜) samples
24、 had, on average, almost twice as much pesticide residue by weightcompared to any other crop.No single fruit sample from the Clean Fifteen tested positive for more than four pesticides.“With EWGs guide, consumers can fill their fridges and fruit bowls with plenty of healthyconventional and organic p
25、roduce that isnt contaminated with multiple pesticide residue，”saidSonya Lunder, a senior analyst in EWG.Only 25 years ago, the National Academy of Sciences raised concerns about exposure topoisonous pesticides in our food, yet consumers still consume a mixture of pesticides every day in America.28.
26、 Why did EWG create the 2018 Shoppers Guide to Pesticides in Produce?A. To analyze the USDA pesticides tests.B. To advertise organic produce.C. To warn some food companies.D. To help consumers make safer choices.解析：由题干关键词EWG和Shoppers Guide定位至第二段，第二段第二句详细解释了原因。第三句because of this与第二句相呼应，后面的to lead con
27、sumers to safer food choices对原因进行了总结和直接表达，故选D。答案：D29. What is the result from the analysis of the USDA pesticides tests?A.All the samples are polluted.B. 230 pesticides are banned. C. Pesticide amounts vary in products.D.All strawberries are poisonous.解析：由题干USDA和analysis定位到第三段最后一句话，analyzing是analysi
28、s的同义替换，故答案隐藏在Analyzing的后面，故选C。答案：C30. Where are shoppers most likely to find spinach?A. Dirty Dozen list.B. Organic food advertisement.C. Clean Fifteen list.D. Safer food list.解析：由题干spinach定位到第五段第二个发现，即菠菜含有比其他作物两倍以上的农药残留物，结合上下文对4个选项的含义解释，可得A答案。答案：A 31. What can be inferred from the last two paragrap
29、hs?A.All conventional produce is safe.B. No pesticides were used on crops 25 years ago.C. Consumers never worry about pesticides.D. Produce safety remains a problem. 解析：最后两段提到消费者在EWG的指导下可以选择许多健康无农药残留的产品以及25年前科学院就人们的食物中接触有毒农药提出了担忧，但消费者仍然每天都在消费混合农药。故A、B都错，A错在太绝对，B和文中事实相反。C是逻辑错误，假如消费者不担心，这个组织也不会创建这些指南，
30、消费者也不需要用清洗或者去皮的方法防止食入农药了，故选D。答案：D DScientists have discovered why the Mona Lisas expression looks so different to differentpeople and at different times.For centuries, art lovers and critics have been confused by and debated the Leonardo DaVinci paintings gaze and slight smile?But new research from
31、the University of California, San Francisco has shed_new_light on the shining and seemingly changing face of the Mona Lisa.Through experiments, they discovered that our emotions really do change how we see aneutral(中性的) face.Dr Erika Siegel and her colleagues study how our emotions change our percep
32、tions(感知) ofthe world around useven when we arent aware that something has changed our feelings.This relies on the modern theory of the brain as a predictive organ, instead of a reactive one，says Dr Siegel.In other words, we have a lifetime of experience and we use those experiences to predictwhat w
33、e are going to experience next.We all have one dominant(支配的) eye and one more passive nondominant one. If eacheye is receiving different information, we only consciously perceive what dominant one sees. Butnondominant sights can still enter our subconscious.They showed 43 people two sets of flashing
34、 images at the same time, so that the dominant eye saw and registered neutral expressions, while the nondominant eye saw flashes of neutral,or smiling faces, which they would only subconsciously be aware of.After viewing the flashing faces, the researchers showed the participants options of faces an
35、dasked them to pick out which ones they had seen.When their nondominant eyes had seen a happy face, they were more likely to think theneutral face had actually been smiling, and the same was true for other expressions.This means that if you see the Mona Lisa after you have just had a screaming fight
36、 with yourhusband, youre going to see the painting differently，says Dr Siegel.But if youre having the time of your life at the Louvre, youre going to see the mysterioussmile,she adds.We are the architects of our own experience. Our brain makes predictions about what itexpects to see and uses informa
37、tion from the world to update its expectations,Dr Siegel says.32. What is the purpose of Dr Erika Siegels research? A. To help appreciate the Mona Lisa.B. To discover why people perceive the same thing differently.C. To win a debate.D. To tell a smiling face from a neutral face.解析：由题干Dr Erika Siegel
38、s research定位到第三、四、五段，这几段都是围绕情绪如 何影响感知展开，并对人们对蒙娜丽莎的不同解读也做出了解释，perceive是perception，see等词的同义替换。答案：B33. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to“shed new light”in Paragraph 3?A. Made something bright.B. Provided new explanations.C.Added lightcolored paints.D. Increased amount of natural light
39、.解析：shed light on是解释某物的意思。shed new light on sth意为对某物做出新的解释。答案：B34. Why did the researchers show the participants two sets of flashing images?A. To play a game.B. To confuse their dominant and nondominant eyes. C. To strengthen the effect of the nondominant eyes.D. To provide images of more expressio
40、ns.解析：由题干定位到第九段，研究者提供两组照片是为了让主视眼看中性表情，非主视眼看中性表情或者笑脸来证明nondominant sights can still enter our subconscious。如果只提供一组照片的话两个眼睛看到的都是一样的，非主视眼的作用就发挥不了了，所以选C。答案：C35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Effects of emotionsB. Seeing is believingC.Amysterious researchD. Is Mona Lisa smi
41、ling?解析：本文的主要内容是某研究所提出了一个新发现即我们的情绪改变我们的感知，这个问题很契合这篇文章的主题。 答案：D第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Insomnia, a lack of sleep or sleeplessness, is something of an epidemic(流行病) affectingmillions of Americans right now. The National Institutes of Health estimates that 50 milli
42、on to 70millionAmericans of all ages suffer sleeprelated problems.Three different types of insomnia exist. 36._ Insomnia lasting from one night to afew weeks occasionally is referred to as transient. Acute insomnia means consistent inability tosleep well for a period of three weeks to six months. In
43、somnia is considered to be chronic, themost serious, if it persists almost nightly for at least a month, and sometimes longer.Sleeplessness can be caused by many different things. 37._ Once the stimulus passes, the ability to sleep will usually return. Chronic sleeplessness may be caused by ongoing
44、healthconcerns such as the physical pain of arthritis(关节炎) or the emotional pain of anxiety anddepression.Those who suffer from sleepless nights may find themselves have the feeling of sleepinessand tiredness during the day. And those who have little sleep may be more affected by both acute and chro
45、nic illnesses like high blood pressure and diabetes.Sleeplessness not only has effects on your physical self but also your emotional wellbeing.38._ However, if sleeplessness becomes chronic, the price could be much higher in theform of anxiety or depression.There are numerous ways for mild sleepless
46、ness at home. 39._ Dont exercise toomuch before bedtime; instead, do something to relax yourself. Finally, create an environmentwhich is favorable for sleeping by removing stimulants from your bedroom like extra lighting or atelevision. 40._A. Being unable to sleep well for a few nights may only pro
47、duce anger.B. Most people experience sleeplessness for an outside stimulus such as stress, improper dietor a poor sleeping environment.C. Prepare your body for sleep by avoiding drinks such as tea or coffee before bed.D. If you still cannot find relief, it may be time to visit your physician for hel
48、p. E. Insomnia may be classified as transient, acute, and chronic.F. Being unable to sleep well for a few nights may cause serious health problems.G. What is transient insomnia?解析：略。答案：EBACD第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。The aim of advertisin
49、g is to change our ideas about things we want and need.Many ads use peoples 41 like fear or loveto persuade us that we need theproduct. Think of a TV commercial that shows a woman out 42 in a car on a rainy day, with her two small children. 43 , another car turns in front of her. The mother quicklyhits the 44 , and her car comes to a stop. The children are 45 smiling andlaughing. The message is: This car will keep you safe. Other examples are 46 that tellyou to “take vitamins to prevent heart diseases”，or“buy insurance 47 yourfam
