1、专业英语四级分类模拟359及答案解析 (总分：73.95，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART CLOZE(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A. frustration B. success C. cultural D. with E. get F. define G. nature H. unique I. happiness J. unsuccessful K. accepted L. can M. material N. should O. that It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to
2、the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses 1 differences in genetic ability and favorable environment in which to express these abilities, it is true that we must 2 success broadly.
3、For some people, simply being able to live their life 3 a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of a poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of 4 . And he is also respected because he does a good job of ach
4、ieving the goals expected of and 5 by his family and the society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in 6 possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of 7 . Because not all ventures can
5、 be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set ones goals at too low a level of achievement. A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing 8 with his own professional success: You do not have
6、to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one 9 be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park or riding the subway downtown, The counselor added, You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been 10 at something you
7、 really like, and to which you have given your best effort.（分数：10.00）二、PART READING COMPR(总题数：1，分数：50.00)Section A Multiple-Choice Questions Text A Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reput
8、ation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such a behavior is regarded as all too human, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, wh
9、ich has just been published in Nature , suggests that it is all too monkey , as well. The researchers studied the behavior of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterpar
10、ts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of goods and services than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr. de Waals study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy en
11、ough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behavior became markedly different. In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods
12、 (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at
13、the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin. The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guide
14、d by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes
15、 these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. Text B As the extension
16、 of democratic rights in the first half of the nineteenth century and the ensuing decline of the Federalist establishment, a new conception of education began to emerge. Education was no longer a confirmation of a pre-existing status, but an instrument in the acquisition of higher status. For a new
17、generation of upwardly mobile students, the goal of education was not to prepare them to live comfortably in the world into which they had been born, but to teach them new virtues and skills that would propel them into a different and better world. Education became training; and the student was no l
18、onger the gentleman-in-waiting, but the journeyman apprentice for upward mobility. In the nineteenth century a college education began to be seen as a way to get ahead in the world. The founding of the land-grant colleges opened the doors of higher education to poor but aspiring boys from non-Anglo-
19、Saxon, working-class, and lower-middle-class backgrounds. The myth of the poor boy who worked his way through college to success drew millions of poor boys to the new campuses. And with this shift, education became more vocational: its object was the acquisition of practical skills and useful inform
20、ation. For the gentleman-in-waiting, virtue consisted above all in grace and style, in doing well what was appropriate to his position; education was merely a way of acquiring polish. And vice was manifested in gracelessness, awkwardness, in behaving inappropriately, discourteously, or ostentatiousl
21、y. For the apprentice, however, virtue was evidenced in success through hard work. The requisite qualities of character were not grace or style, but drive, determination, and a sharp eye for opportunity. While casual liberality and even prodigality characterized the gentleman, frugality, thrift, and
22、 self-control came to distinguish the new apprentice. And while the gentleman did not aspire to a higher station because his station was already high, the apprentice was continually becoming, striving, struggling upward. Failure for the apprentice meant standing still, not rising. Text C Vinton Cerf
23、, known as the father of the Internet, said on Wednesday that the Web was outgrowing the planet Earth and the time had come to take the information superhighway to outer space. The Internet is growing quickly, and we still have a lot of work to do to cover the planet, Cerf told the first day of the
24、annual conference of the Internet Society in Geneva where more than 1,500 cyberspace fans have gathered to seek answers to questions about the tangled web of the Internet. Cerf believed that it would soon be possible to send real-time science data on the Internet from a space mission orbiting anothe
25、r planet such as Mars. There is now an effort under way to design and build an interplanetary Internet. The space research community is coming closer and closer and merging. We think that we will see interplanetary Internet networks that look very much like the ones we use today. We will need interp
26、lanetary gateways and there will be protocols to transmit data between these gateways, Cerf said. Francois Fluckiger, a scientist attending the conference from the European Particle Physics Laboratory near Geneva, was not entirely convinced, saying: We need dreams like this. But I dont know any Mart
27、ian whom Id like to communicate with through the Internet. Cerf has been working with NASAs Pasadena Jet Propulsion Laboratorythe people behind the recent Mars expeditionto design what he calls an interplanetary Internet protocol. He believes that astronauts will want to use the Internet, although s
28、pecial problems remain with interference and delay. This is quite real. The effort is becoming extraordinarily concrete over the next few months because the next Mars mission is in planning stages now, Cerf told the conference. If we use domain names like Earth or Mars. jet propulsion laboratory peo
29、ple would be coming together with people from the Internet community. He added. The idea is to take the interplanetary Internet design and make it a part of the infrastructure of the Mars mission. He later told a news conference that designing this system now would prepare mankind for future technol
30、ogical advances. The whole idea is to create an architecture so the design works anywhere. I dont know where were going to have to put it but my guess is that well be going out there some time, Cerf said. If you think 100 years from now, it is entirely possible that what will be purely research 50 y
31、ears from now will become commercial 100 years from now. The Internet was the sameit started as pure research but now it is commercialized.（分数：49.95）(1).In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by _. (Text A)（分数：3.33）A.posing a contrastB.justifying an assumptionC.making a comparison
32、D.explaining a phenomenon(2).Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are _. (Text A)（分数：3.33）A.more inclined to weigh what they getB.attentive to researchers instructionsC.nice in both appearance and temperamentD.more generous than their male companions(3).Dr.
33、 Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys _. (Text A)（分数：3.33）A.prefer grapes to cucumbersB.can be taught to exchange thingsC.will not be cooperative if feeling cheatedD.are unhappy when separated from others(4).Which of the following statements is TRUE of the fi
34、rst paragraph? (Text B)（分数：3.33）A.Democratic ideas started with education.B.Federalists were opposed to education.C.New education helped confirm peoples social status.D.Old education had been in tune with hierarchical society.(5).According to the second paragraph, land-grant college _. (Text B) A. b
35、elonged to the land-owning class B. enlarged the scope of education C. was provided only to the poor D benefited all but the upper class（分数：3.33）A.B.C.D.(6).Which of the following was the most important for a gentleman-in-waiting? (Text B)（分数：3.33）A.Manners.B.Education.C.Moral.D.Personality.(7).Acco
36、rding to Cerf, the purpose to design interplanetary Internet is to _. (Text C) A. send real-time science data B. communicate with astronauts C. lay foundation for future technological advances D commercialize it（分数：3.33）A.B.C.D.(8).From the text, we can learn that Vinton Cerf is _. (Text C)（分数：3.33）
37、A.seeking answers to questions about the Internet WebB.working on interplanetary Internet with collaboration of NASAC.trying to commercialize the interplanetary InternetD.exploring the possibility of establishing Internet network on Mars(9).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _. (Text C)
38、（分数：3.33）A.the dream to build interplanetary Internet can be fulfilled in the futureB.interplanetary Internet will be commercialized in 100 yearsC.the research of the Internet took 50 yearsD.it will take a long time to build interplanetary Internet(10).We know from the text that Mars mission is _. (
39、Text C)（分数：3.33）A.one of NASAs Internet projectsB.an expedition to MarsC.the infrastructure of the interplanetary InternetD.to create an architecture on Mars(11).Section B Short Answer Questions What is the implied meaning of the statement it is all too monkey (Last Line, Paragraph 1)? (Text A)（分数：3
40、.33）_(12).What can we infer from the last paragraph? (Text A)（分数：3.33）_(13).What is the difference between gentleman-in-waiting and journeyman? (Text B)（分数：3.33）_(14).What is the best title for the passage? (Text B)（分数：3.33）_(15).What is the main point of this text? (Text C)（分数：3.33）_三、PART WRITING(
41、总题数：1，分数：14.00)1.According to a survey, more than two thirds of people in China agree that the public morality level is lower than before. What leads to the declining of peoples morality level? How can we change this situation? Write a composition of about 200 words based on the following topic: Wha
42、t We Can Do to Promote Citizens MoralityMarks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. （分数：14.00）_专业英语四级分类模拟359答案解析 (总分：73.95，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART CLOZE(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A. frustra
43、tion B. success C. cultural D. with E. get F. define G. nature H. unique I. happiness J. unsuccessful K. accepted L. can M. material N. should O. that It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and deter
44、mining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses 1 differences in genetic ability and favorable environment in which to express these abilities, it is true that we must 2 success broadly. For some people, simply being able to live their life 3 a minimum of misery a
45、nd suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of a poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of 4 . And he is also respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and 5 by his family and the society. On the othe
46、r hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in 6 possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of 7 . Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set ones goals at too low a level of achievement. A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing 8 with his own professional success: You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success i
