1、专业英语四级-48及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完形填空(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major 1 to consider: the role of government. Government has a powerful 2 on the economy in at least four ways: Direct Services. The postal system, f
2、or example, is a federal system 3 the entire nation, as is the large and complex establishment. Conversely the 4 and maintenance of most highways is the responsibility of the individual states, and the public educational systems, 5 a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily 6 for
3、by state or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation services are 7 the responsibilities of local government. Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls private 8 , in many ways, for the 9 of assuring that business serves the best interests of the people 10 a wh
4、ole. Regulation is necessary in areas 11 private enterprise is granted a monopoly, such as in telephone or electric service. Public policy 12 such companies to make a reasonable profit, 13 limits their ability to raise prices unfairly, since the public depends on their services. Often control is exe
5、rcised to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug Administration bans 14 drugs, or requires standards of 15 in food. Stabilization and Growth. Branches of government including Congress attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust of inflation and depression, by 16 tax rates, t
6、he money supply, and the use of credit. They can also 17 the economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself. Direct Assistance. The government 18 businesses and individuals with many kinds of help. For example, tariffs permit certain products to remain relatively 1
7、9 of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed 20 American products are able to compete better with certain foreign goods.（分数：40.00）A.economyB.horrorC.magnifierD.elementA.elevationB.emotionC.effectD.electionA.supplyingB.servingC.providingD.offeringA.instrumentB.structureC.instructionD.constru
8、ctionA.due toB.despiteC.despite ofD.in spiteA.spentB.takenC.paidD.costA.alsoB.tooC.neitherD.norA.banquetB.boomC.arenaD.enterpriseA.assertionB.purposeC.assetD.assumptionA.inB.asC.onD.forA.whereB.howC.whatD.thatA.resentsB.admitsC.letsD.permitsA.andB.butC.soD.orA.harmfulB.beneficialC.excellentD.qualifi
9、edA.facultyB.quantityC.qualityD.qualificationA.applaudingB.assessingC.ascendingD.adjustingA.affectB.effectC.adhereD.affirmA.offersB.providesC.givesD.grantsA.reliableB.freeC.applicableD.busyA.in caseB.for fear thatC.in thatD.so thatThe normal human daily cycle of activity is some 7-8 hours sleep alte
10、rnation with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides 21 the hours of darkness. Our present concern is how easily and to what extent this 22 can be modified. The question is not merely an academic one. The ease with which people can change from working in the day to working
11、 at night is a 23 of growing importance in industry where automation 24 round-the-clock working of machines. It normally 25 from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a 26 routine of sleep and wakefulness, 27 during the day and working at night. 28 , it is often the case in industry that sh
12、ifts are changed every week. This 29 that no sooner has he got used to one routine 30 he has to change to another, 31 much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very 32 . One answer would seem to be 33 periods on each shift, a month, or 34 three months. 35 , recent research has shown 36
13、people on such systems will go back to their 37 habits of sleep and wakefulness during the weekend and that this is quite enough to destroy any 38 to night work built up during the week. The only real solution appears to be to 39 the night shift to those permanent night workers whose 40 may persist
14、through all week-ends and holidays.（分数：40.00）A.inB.withC.ofD.overA.cycleB.periodC.circleD.roundA.problemB.difficultyC.troubleD.matterA.asksB.invitesC.calls forD.reacts toA.takesB.spendsC.demandsD.asksA.formerB.returnedC.reversedD.regularA.sleepingB.eatingC.sportingD.thinkingA.ThereforeB.Unfortunatel
15、yC.In a wordD.In comparisonA.conveysB.meansC.illustratesD.interpretsA.asB.whenC.thenD.thanA.thoughB.so thatC.whileD.asA.efficientlyB.goodC.easilyD.happilyA.shorterB.betterC.longerD.nicerA.stillB.yetC.onlyD.evenA.SoB.In shortC.SimilarlyD.HoweverA.thatB.howC.whatD.whenA.newB.normalC.temporaryD.favorit
16、eA.changeB.reductionC.adaptationD.tendencyA.hand outB.hand inC.hand overD.hand onA.wakefulnessB.sleepC.preferenceD.habitIn Zurich, a leading Canton in the Swiss Confederation, it has been proposed to teach one foreign languageEnglishin primary schools. This would represent a change 41 Zurichs 42 sch
17、ool kids now study English and French. Voters will decide whether French will be dropped. Supporters of one foreign language believe that two foreign languages are 43 for kids. They believe that kids 44 strong fluency in German, the mother 45 for schoolchildren in Zurich. In fact, Zurich kids speak
18、Swiss German, 46 is primarily an oral language. In school they have to learn standard German, which 47 is a foreign language. 48 when you add them all 49 Zurich kids are learning four languages. All of Switzerland will watch what Zurich voters decide because Zurich is a(n) 50 canton and others may f
19、ollow suit. Yet some German-speaking cantons have already decided to 51 plans to reduce the number of foreign languages. 52 what happens, Swiss kids will be fluent 53 more than one language which is a definite asset in todays global economy. It is 54 a definite asset in learning other subjects. Stud
20、ies 55 in American universities have found that kids who study in dual-language schools outperform their 56 who are taught in English only. Apparently, kids 57 in two languages 58 a mental agility that monolingual kids 59 . Perhaps four languages are too many in elementary school, but two is not 60
21、at all.（分数：20.00）A.now thatB.sinceC.even ifD.in order thatA.elementaryB.basicC.middleD.academicA.too manyB.enoughC.too fewD.lessA.try to reachB.manage to reachC.fall to reachD.succeed in reachingA.sentencesB.wordsC.tongueD.utteranceA.whatB.whichC.thatD.whoA.in no wayB.in any wayC.on a senseD.in a wa
22、yA.MeanwhileB.ThusC.HoweverD.After allA.togetherB.outC.aroundD.aboutA.famousB.largeC.capitalD.influentialA.boycottB.denyC.rejectD.abolishA.GivenB.Regardless ofC.Due toD.RegardingA.forB.withC.inD.overA.neitherB.bothC.eitherD.alsoA.researchedB.conductedC.madeD.carriedA.spousesB.partsC.partnersD.counte
23、rpartsA.educateB.educatedC.educatingD.to educateA.designB.plantC.developD.growA.lackB.cutC.faceD.drainA.realisticB.imaginativeC.unrealisticD.imaginable专业英语四级-48答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完形填空(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a thir
24、d major 1 to consider: the role of government. Government has a powerful 2 on the economy in at least four ways: Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system 3 the entire nation, as is the large and complex establishment. Conversely the 4 and maintenance of most highways is t
25、he responsibility of the individual states, and the public educational systems, 5 a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily 6 for by state or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation services are 7 the responsibilities of local government. Regulation and Contro
26、l. The government regulates and controls private 8 , in many ways, for the 9 of assuring that business serves the best interests of the people 10 a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas 11 private enterprise is granted a monopoly, such as in telephone or electric service. Public policy 12 such com
27、panies to make a reasonable profit, 13 limits their ability to raise prices unfairly, since the public depends on their services. Often control is exercised to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug Administration bans 14 drugs, or requires standards of 15 in food. Stabilization
28、and Growth. Branches of government including Congress attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust of inflation and depression, by 16 tax rates, the money supply, and the use of credit. They can also 17 the economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself. Direct
29、 Assistance. The government 18 businesses and individuals with many kinds of help. For example, tariffs permit certain products to remain relatively 19 of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed 20 American products are able to compete better with certain foreign goods.（分数：40.00）A.economyB.
30、horrorC.magnifierD.element解析：解析 上文提到“消费者的决定”和“生产者的决定”这两个塑造经济的要素，而“政府的作用”是第三个要素，故选element“要素”。economy“经济”；horror“恐怖”；magnifier“放大镜”。A.elevationB.emotionC.effectD.election解析：解析 由下文四个方面的内容，可以看出政府对经济是有强大影响的，因此选effect，“影响”。elevation“高度”；emotion“情感”；election“选举”。A.supplyingB.servingC.providingD.offering解析
31、：解析 空格前为a federal system(一个联邦系统)指的是“邮政系统”，而空格后是the entire nation(整个国家)，邮政系统应是为整个国家服务的，因此选serving“服务”。A.instrumentB.structureC.instructionD.construction解析：解析 空格处跟maintenance(维护)并列，应表示跟“高速公路维护”相近含义的词，对比四个选项，construction“建设”符合要求。instrument“仪器”；structure“结构”；instruction“指导”。A.due toB.despiteC.despite of
32、D.in spite解析：解析 空格处意为“联邦政府付了一大笔钱”，句子主干表示“主要是由州和市政府付钱”，两者存在转折让步关系，故选despite。不存在despite of结构；后接名词短语时，应用in spite of。A.spentB.takenC.paidD.cost解析：解析 四个选项都有“花钱”的意思，但只有pay是跟介词for连用，故选C。spend后常跟介词on；take和cost表“花费时”，通常不用被动语态。A.alsoB.tooC.neitherD.nor解析：解析 此处表示“警察、消防和卫生设施的费用也是地方政府的职责”，故选also。too一般放在句尾；neithe
33、r和nor一般表示否定，表示“也不”。A.banquetB.boomC.arenaD.enterprise解析：解析 空格处为regulates and controls(规范和控制)的宾语，规范和控制的应是某种机构，enterprise“企业”符合要求。banquet“宴会”；boom“繁荣”；arena“舞台；运动场”。A.assertionB.purposeC.assetD.assumption解析：解析 for the purpose of为固定搭配，表示“为了的目的”。assertion“断言”；asset“财产”；assumption“假定”。A.inB.asC.onD.for解析
34、：解析 as a whole亦是固定搭配，表示“作为一个整体”。A.whereB.howC.whatD.that解析：解析 分析句子结构，空格后为定语从句，该定语从句的主谓结构都完整，故引导词在从句中作状语，先行词areas表示地点，因此选where。A.resentsB.admitsC.letsD.permits解析：解析 此处意为“公共政策_这些企业获得合理的利润”，由reasonable(合理的)一词，可推断空格处填入“允许”含义的词，故选D。let常用let sb. do sth.结构，原文多了个to；resent“怨恨”；admit“承认”。A.andB.butC.soD.or解析：
35、解析 空格前说“允许赚合理的利润”，而空格后却说“限制无理涨价的行为”，语义存在转折。因此选B。A.harmfulB.beneficialC.excellentD.qualified解析：解析 空格前的bans(禁止)，提示空格应填入负面意义的词，harmful“有害的”符合要求。beneficial“有益的”；excellent“优秀的”；qualified“合格的”。A.facultyB.quantityC.qualityD.qualification解析：解析 此处意为“要求食品_达标”，比较四个选项，quality“质量”代入空格，句意通顺。faculty“才能；能力”；quantit
36、y“数量”；qualification“合格证书”。A.applaudingB.assessingC.ascendingD.adjusting解析：解析 介词by引导的短语表方式，由空格前的control.可知此处是表示“控制通胀引起的繁荣和通缩引起的经济萧条的手段”，“调整税率”是一种手段，故选adjusting“调整”。A.affectB.effectC.adhereD.affirm解析：解析 They指代的是上文的“政府机构”，由also一词知道本句跟上一句意思相近，上一句意为“政府通过调整关税等影响经济”，故空格处填入“影响”含义的词，A符合。effect作动词，意为“导致”；adhe
37、re“坚持”；affirm“断言”。A.offersB.providesC.givesD.grants解析：解析 四个选项中，只有provide能用provide sb. with sth.的用法，故选B。其他三项的用法为offer/give/grant sb. sth.，因此都排除。A.reliableB.freeC.applicableD.busy解析：解析 根据常识，关税的目的是保护本国的产品免受国外产品的竞争，故选free“没有的”。reliable“可靠的”；applicable“可应用的”；busy“忙的”。A.in caseB.for fear thatC.in thatD.so
38、 that解析：解析 空格后“使美国产品更好地与某些外国产品竞争”是空格前“有时进口商品会征税”的目的，故选引导目的状语从句的so that“以便”in case“以防”；for fear that“以免”；in that“因为”。The normal human daily cycle of activity is some 7-8 hours sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides 21 the hours of darkness. Our prese
39、nt concern is how easily and to what extent this 22 can be modified. The question is not merely an academic one. The ease with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a 23 of growing importance in industry where automation 24 round-the-clock working of machines. It nor
40、mally 25 from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a 26 routine of sleep and wakefulness, 27 during the day and working at night. 28 , it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week. This 29 that no sooner has he got used to one routine 30 he has to change to another,
41、31 much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very 32 . One answer would seem to be 33 periods on each shift, a month, or 34 three months. 35 , recent research has shown 36 people on such systems will go back to their 37 habits of sleep and wakefulness during the weekend and that this is
42、 quite enough to destroy any 38 to night work built up during the week. The only real solution appears to be to 39 the night shift to those permanent night workers whose 40 may persist through all week-ends and holidays.（分数：40.00）A.inB.withC.ofD.over解析：解析 coincide with为固定短语，表示“与一致”，故选B。A.cycleB.peri
43、odC.circleD.round解析：解析 由指示代词this可推断空格处的名词指代上一句的内容，上一句主要是讲“睡眠时间与清醒时间交替的情况”，四个选项中cycle“循环”复现首句的cycle，故为答案。period“时期”；circle“圆圈”；round“局”。A.problemB.difficultyC.troubleD.matter解析：解析 matter通常指“需要思考的某个情况”，本句的“人们能否轻易地从白天工作改为晚上工作”就是需要思考的情况，故选D。problem“问题”强调给人造成困难的事情，用于此不合适。difficulty“困难”；trouble“麻烦”。A.asks
44、B.invitesC.calls forD.reacts to解析：解析 空格后的“全天候操纵机器”应为“自动化”的一种要求，因此空格处填入“需求”含义的词，故选C。ask“询问”；invite“邀请”；react to“对作出反应”。A.takesB.spendsC.demandsD.asks解析：解析 由句子主语it及空格后的from five days.week这个表时间的短语，可知此处为it takes some time to do.的句型，故答案选A。A.formerB.returnedC.reversedD.regular解析：解析 由空格后的working at night(晚
45、上工作)，这跟正常的情况是相反的，因此选reversed“颠倒的”。former“以前的”；returned“归来的，被送回来的”；regular“定期的”。A.sleepingB.eatingC.sportingD.thinking解析：解析 空格后说“晚上工作”，那对应的是“白天睡觉”，因此选sleeping“睡觉”。A.ThereforeB.UnfortunatelyC.In a wordD.In comparison解析：解析 上文提到“适应颠倒的睡眠和清醒时间常需要五天到一周”，而空格后却说“企业每周换班一次”，前后的语义存在转折，因此选Unfortunately“不幸的是”。Therefore“因此”；In a word“总而言之”；In comparison“比较起来”。A.conveysB.meansC.illustratesD.interprets解析：解析 This指代的是上一句的“企业一般每周换班一次”，空格后说“刚刚适应一种生活规律时又不得不转换成另一种”，这是对上一句的解释，因此选B项means“意味着”。
