1、专业英语四级-43及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完形填空(总题数：3，分数：100.00)The translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his 1 languages, hill facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual 2 , and a knowledge and understanding of the 3 subj
2、ect-matter in his field of specialization. This is, as it 4 , his professional equipment. 5 this, it is desirable that he should have an 6 mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic principles of new developments. He should be willing to work 7 his own, often at h
3、igh speeds, but should be humble enough to consult others 8 his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task 9 . He should be able to type fairly quickly and accurately and, if he is working mainly for publication, should have more than a nodding 10 with printing techniques and proof-reading.
4、 If he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firm, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to 11 rapidly from one source language to another, as well as from one subject-matter to another, since this ability is frequently 12 of him in such work
5、. Bearing in mind the nature of the translators work, i.e. the processing of the written word, it is, strictly speaking, 13 that he should be able to speak the languages he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is an advantage 14 a hindrance, but this skill is in many ways a luxury that he can
6、15 with. It is, 16 , desirable that he should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of his source languages even if this is restricted to 17 how proper names and place names are pronounced. The same 18 to an ability to write his source languages. If he can, well and good; if he cannot, it
7、 does not 19 . There are many other skills and 20 that are desirable in a translator.（分数：40.00）A.motherB.nativeC.targetD.sourceA.applicationB.useC.utilityD.usageA.lateB.lastC.latestD.laterA.isB.wasC.wereD.areA.More thanB.Except forC.Because ofD.In addition toA.enquiringB.enquiredC.inquiringD.inquire
8、dA.ofB.byC.forD.onA.shouldB.whenC.becauseD.ifA.in handB.off handC.at handD.by handA.familiarityB.acquaintanceC.knowledgeD.skillA.changeB.transformC.turnD.switchA.lackedB.requiredC.facedD.confrontedA.essentialB.unnecessaryC.advantageousD.uselessA.overB.despiteC.rather thanD.insteadA.dealB.concernC.wo
9、rkD.do awayA.howeverB.accordinglyC.consequentlyD.thusA.knowingB.having knownC.knowD.have knownA.refersB.comesC.appliesD.amountsA.matterB.mindC.harmD.workA.characteristicsB.qualitiesC.distinctionsD.featuresPeople thinking about the origin of language for the first time usually arrive at the conclusio
10、n that it developed 21 as a system of grunts, hisses and cries and 22 a very simple affair in the beginning. 23 , when we observe the language behaviour of 24 we regard as primitive cultures, we find it 25 complicated. It was believed that an Eskimo must have at the tip of his tongue a vocabulary of
11、 more than 10,000 words 26 to get along reasonably well, much larger than the 27 vocabulary of an average businessman who speaks English. 28 , these Eskimo words are far more highly inflected (词尾变化的) than 29 of any of the well-known European languages, for a 30 noun can be spoken or written in 31 hu
12、ndred different forms, each 32 a precise meaning different from 33 of any other. The forms of the verbs are even more 34 . The Eskimo language is, 35 , one of the most difficult in the world to learn, 36 the result that almost no traders or explorers have 37 tried to learn it. 38 , there has grown u
13、p, in communication between Eskimos and whites, a jargon 39 to the pidgin English used in Old China, with a vocabulary of from 300 to 600 uninflected words. Most of them are derived from Eskimo but some are derived from English, Danish, Spanish, Hawaiian and other languages. It is this jargon that i
14、s usually 40 by travellers as the Eskimo language.（分数：40.00）A.graduallyB.actuallyC.habituallyD.mysticallyA.must beB.must have beenC.ought to beD.should beA.HoweverB.ThereforeC.ProbablyD.UndoubtedlyA.whoseB.thatC.whichD.whatA.conspicuouslyB.usuallyC.surprisinglyD.sufficientlyA.so asB.so thatC.as such
15、D.as well asA.activeB.passiveC.associativeD.decisiveA.HoweverB.MoreoverC.ThoughD.ThereforeA.the othersB.all othersC.theseD.thoseA.singleB.singularC.pluralD.compoundA.someB.severalC.variousD.variedA.gettingB.causingC.havingD.owningA./B.thoseC.thatD.whichA.endlessB.multipleC.uncountableD.numerousA.the
16、reforeB.yetC.stillD.definitelyA.withB.forC.owing toD.asA.stillB.indeedC.justD.evenA.SequentiallyB.ConsequentlyC.SubsequentlyD.HoweverA.alikeB.similarC.relatedD.relevantA.referred toB.talked aboutC.spokenD.toldDuring McDonalds early years French fries were made from scratch every day. Russet Burbank
17、potatoes were 41 , cut into shoestrings, and fried in its kitchens. 42 the chain expanded nationwide, in the mid-1960s, it sought to 43 labour costs, reduce the number of suppliers, and 44 that its fries tasted the same at every restaurant. McDonalds began 45 to frozen French fries in 1966and few cu
18、stomers noticed the difference. 46 , the change had a profound effect 47 the nations agriculture and diet. A familiar food had been transformed into a highly processed industrial 48 . McDonalds fries now come from huge manufacturing plants 49 can process two million pounds of potatoes a day. The exp
19、ansion 50 McDonalds and the popularity of its low-cost, mass-produced fries changed the way Americans eat. The 51 of McDonalds French fries played a 52 role in the chains successfries are much more profitable than hamburgersand was 53 praised by customers, competitors, and even food critics. Their 5
20、4 taste does not stem 55 the kind of potatoes that McDonalds 56 , the technology that processes them, or the restaurant equipment that fries them: other chains use Russet Burbank, buy their French fries from the 57 large processing companies, and have similar 58 in their restaurant kitchens. The tas
21、te of a French fry is 59 determined by the cooking oil. For decades McDonalds cooked its French fries in a mixture of about 7 per cent cottonseed oil and 93 per cent beef fat. The mixture gave the fries their unique 60 .（分数：20.00）A.scaledB.strippedC.peeledD.slicedA.AsB.Due toC.Owing toD.WithA.dimini
22、shB.cutC.decreaseD.lessenA.ensueB.ensureC.enrichD.enableA.switchingB.divertingC.modifyingD.alteringA.StillB.AnywayC.BesidesD.NeverthelessA.ofB.toC.onD.inA.brandB.stuffC.commodityD.produceA.thisB.thatC./D.whatA.intoB.fromC.inD.ofA.tasteB.productionC.processingD.priceA.criticalB.credibleC.comparableD.
23、crucialA.longB.onlyC.firstD.lonelyA.distinctiveB.distinctC.distinguishedD.distinguishableA.inB.toC.onD.fromA.possessesB.buysC.acquiresD.growsA.exactB.identicalC.sameD.alikeA.woksB.potsC.boilersD.fryersA.adequatelyB.massivelyC.plentifullyD.largelyA.flavourB.fragranceC.smellD.perfume专业英语四级-43答案解析 (总分：
24、100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完形填空(总题数：3，分数：100.00)The translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his 1 languages, hill facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual 2 , and a knowledge and understanding of the 3 subject-matter in his f
25、ield of specialization. This is, as it 4 , his professional equipment. 5 this, it is desirable that he should have an 6 mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic principles of new developments. He should be willing to work 7 his own, often at high speeds, but sho
26、uld be humble enough to consult others 8 his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task 9 . He should be able to type fairly quickly and accurately and, if he is working mainly for publication, should have more than a nodding 10 with printing techniques and proof-reading. If he is working b
27、asically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firm, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to 11 rapidly from one source language to another, as well as from one subject-matter to another, since this ability is frequently 12 of him in such work. Bearing in mind t
28、he nature of the translators work, i.e. the processing of the written word, it is, strictly speaking, 13 that he should be able to speak the languages he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is an advantage 14 a hindrance, but this skill is in many ways a luxury that he can 15 with. It is, 16
29、, desirable that he should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of his source languages even if this is restricted to 17 how proper names and place names are pronounced. The same 18 to an ability to write his source languages. If he can, well and good; if he cannot, it does not 19 . Ther
30、e are many other skills and 20 that are desirable in a translator.（分数：40.00）A.motherB.nativeC.targetD.source解析：解析 下文提到的是对目标语言(target language)的充分掌握，故空格处讲的应是与之对应的源语言(source language)，即要翻泽的语言，故选D。A.applicationB.useC.utilityD.usage解析：解析 mother tongue跟“language of habitual _”通过or连接，表明两者意思接近，use“使用”代入空格，
31、表示“习惯性使用的语言”，符合要求。application“(理论等的)应用”；utility“效用”；usage“使用方式”。A.lateB.lastC.latestD.later解析：解析 根据常识，翻译应需要了解本专业领域的最新知识，latest“最新的”符合语境。late“迟的”；last“最后的”；later“后来”。A.isB.wasC.wereD.are解析：解析 此处的句意为“这_是他的专业设备”，as it were表示“可以说是”，代入空格，句意通顺。as it is/was是“既然如此”的意思。A.More thanB.Except forC.Because ofD.In
32、 addition to解析：解析 从上下文来看，此句的意思是对上文句意的递进，In addition to“除此之外”符合语境，故选D。More than一般不可用来引导递进语义关系的状语，也不太用于句首。A.enquiringB.enquiredC.inquiringD.inquired解析：解析 此处的句意为“他最好还能有_精神”，inquiring“爱探究的”代入空格，句意通顺。enquiring这一词不存在；过去分词表示“被动、完成”之义，此处并非mind“被探究”，故不能用-ed形式。A.ofB.byC.forD.on解析：解析 on ones own为固定搭配，意为“独立地”，此
33、处指“他应当愿意独立工作”。of ones own意为“自己拥有的”；for和by不与ones own搭配。A.shouldB.whenC.becauseD.if解析：解析 四个选项中只有should能够提前，省略if，引导倒装的分句，是与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，正常语序为if his own knowledge should not always prove adequate.。此处should意为“假使，万一”。如用when，because或if，则not前面缺少助动词或情态动词。A.in handB.off handC.at handD.by hand解析：解析 空格处填入的短语修饰th
34、e task，对“任务”进行解释说明，根据上文consult others(咨询别人)，推断该任务是“手头的”(in hand)。off ones hands“不再由某人负责”；at hand“近在手边”；by hand“用手”。A.familiarityB.acquaintanceC.knowledgeD.skill解析：解析 have a nodding/bowing acquaintance with sth./sb.是固定短语，意为“略通，初步了解”。A.changeB.transformC.turnD.switch解析：解析 结合选项，可以推断此处的意思为“由一种源语言快速地转换为另
35、一种源语言”，switch可表示“由使用一种东西转换到使用另一种东西”，符合文意。change表示的是事物本身性质的“改变”；transform表示的是事物外形、形态的改变；turn一般表示“方向、位置、性质或颜色上的变化”。A.lackedB.requiredC.facedD.confronted解析：解析 (sth. is)required of sb.或require sth. of sb.为固定搭配，意思是“要求某人拥有”。A.essentialB.unnecessaryC.advantageousD.useless解析：解析 空格前强调“翻译工作是处理书面文字”，故推断会讲这门语言并
36、非必要的，选unnecessary“不必要的”。essential“本质的”；advantageous“有利的”；useless“无益的”。A.overB.despiteC.rather thanD.instead解析：解析 此处意为“如果他确实会讲，这当然是一个优势_障碍”，rather than“而不是”代入空格，符合上下文语义。A.dealB.concernC.workD.do away解析：解析 单词luxury暗示该技能是“奢侈品”而不是“必需品”，所以选do away with“去掉”，表明译者并非一定需要该技能。A.howeverB.accordinglyC.consequent
37、lyD.thus解析：解析 上文提到没有必要会讲这门语言，而此处说最好能对源语言的发音有一个大致的了解，语意上存在转折，所以选however，表转折。accordingly“相应地”；consequently“因此”；thus“所以”。A.knowingB.having knownC.knowD.have known解析：解析 be restricted to中的to是介词，后需跟名词或动名词，故A正确。A.refersB.comesC.appliesD.amounts解析：解析 此处意为“这也同样_源语言写作的能力”，apply to“适用于”正符合文意。refer to“提及”；amoun
38、t to“达到”；come to“达到，总计为”。A.matterB.mindC.harmD.work解析：解析 it does not matter为固定搭配，表示“不要紧，没关系”，A正确。A.characteristicsB.qualitiesC.distinctionsD.features解析：解析 根据空格前的many other(许多其他的)，可知本句还是承接上文讲的话题。上文主要讲“一名译者所需要的素质和技能”，故qualities“素质”符合语义。characteristics“特色”；distinctions“不同之处”；features“特色”。People thinkin
39、g about the origin of language for the first time usually arrive at the conclusion that it developed 21 as a system of grunts, hisses and cries and 22 a very simple affair in the beginning. 23 , when we observe the language behaviour of 24 we regard as primitive cultures, we find it 25 complicated.
40、It was believed that an Eskimo must have at the tip of his tongue a vocabulary of more than 10,000 words 26 to get along reasonably well, much larger than the 27 vocabulary of an average businessman who speaks English. 28 , these Eskimo words are far more highly inflected (词尾变化的) than 29 of any of t
41、he well-known European languages, for a 30 noun can be spoken or written in 31 hundred different forms, each 32 a precise meaning different from 33 of any other. The forms of the verbs are even more 34 . The Eskimo language is, 35 , one of the most difficult in the world to learn, 36 the result that
42、 almost no traders or explorers have 37 tried to learn it. 38 , there has grown up, in communication between Eskimos and whites, a jargon 39 to the pidgin English used in Old China, with a vocabulary of from 300 to 600 uninflected words. Most of them are derived from Eskimo but some are derived from
43、 English, Danish, Spanish, Hawaiian and other languages. It is this jargon that is usually 40 by travellers as the Eskimo language.（分数：40.00）A.graduallyB.actuallyC.habituallyD.mystically解析：解析 空格后填入副词修饰developed，表示语言如何发展。四个选项中，gradually“逐渐地”符合语言发展规律，故选A。actually“事实上”；habitually“习惯地”；mystically“神秘地”。A
44、.must beB.must have beenC.ought to beD.should be解析：解析 must have done结构表示对过去发生事情的肯定推断，从句意来看，这里是对语言的起源进行判断，是过去的事情，故选B。A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.ProbablyD.Undoubtedly解析：解析 上一句说人们通常得出的结论是语言在最初阶段肯定是非常简单的东西；而这一句说通过观察，我们发现语言非常复杂，在意思上跟上句存在转折，故选A。A.whoseB.thatC.whichD.what解析：解析 分析句子结构，空格处应为一个名词性从句的引导词，作介词of的宾语，同
45、时引导词在从句中作regard的宾语，what符合语法要求。that不能作介词宾语；whose后要跟名词；而从句意上看，what比which更合适。A.conspicuouslyB.usuallyC.surprisinglyD.sufficiently解析：解析 上文提到，人们开始时认为语言的起源很简单、很原始，但空格后的complicated(复杂的)表明与人们料想的恰恰相反，因此这是一种意外，surprisingly“令人惊讶地”符合语境。conspicuously“明显地”；sufficiently“足够地”。A.so asB.so thatC.as suchD.as well as解析：解析 so as to为固定结构，表示目的，后接动词短语，符合句意。so that也表目的，但不与to连用；as such“本身”；as well as“也，同样”。A.activeB.passiveC.associativeD.decisive解析：解析 由much larger than可看出此处是一个比较结构，比较的对象应为同类事物才有意义，上文提到是“口头常用的”(at the tip of his tongue)词汇，因
