1、专业英语八级翻译-8及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、BTRANSLATION/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BSECTION A CHINE(总题数：3，分数：50.00)1.不管是好习惯还是坏习惯，都是逐渐养成的。当一个人重复做某件事时，一种看不见的力量驱使他去重复做同一件事，这样就养成了习惯。习惯一旦形成，要改掉它是困难的，有时是不可能的。所以，我们在形成习惯的时候要小心谨慎，这一点是非常重要的。小孩子常常会养成坏习惯。这些坏习惯中有的一直保留到你死去为止。年纪大的人也会养成坏习惯，在某些情况下，这些坏习惯能毁掉人。还有的早年养成的习惯成了一件幸事。许多成功
2、者声称他们很多的成功要归功于早年生活所形成的习惯，诸如准时、早起、诚实和彻底。（分数：15.00）_2.这一句话是：“不要抛弃学问。”以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭，不得已而做的，从今以后，你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。趁现在年富力强的时候，努力做一种专门学问。少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰时，要做学问也来不及了。即为吃饭计，学问决不会辜负人的。吃饭而不求学问，三年五年之后，你们都要被后来少年淘汰掉的。到那时再想做点学问来补救，恐怕已太晚了。（分数：15.00）_3.从北平来的人往往说上海这地方怎么“呆”得住。一切都这样紧张。空气是这样龌龊。走出去很难看得见树木。诸如此类，他们
3、可以举出一大堆。我想，月亮仿佛失掉了这一点，也该列入他们认为上海“呆”不住的理由吧。假若如此，我倒并不同意。在生活的诸般条件里列入必须看月亮一项，那是没有理由的。清旷的襟怀和高远的想象力未必定须由对月而养成。把仰望的双眼移到地面，同样可以收到修养上的效益，而且更见切实。可是我并非反对看月亮，只是说即使看不到也没有什么关系罢了。（分数：20.00）_三、BSECTION B ENGLI(总题数：3，分数：50.00)4.This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly. No
4、r need we shrink from honestly facing the conditions facing our country today. This great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. So first of all, let me express my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itselfnameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror, wh
5、ich paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. In every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankness and vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves, which is essential to victory. And I am convinced that you will again give that support to
6、leadership in these critical days. In such a spirit on my part and on yours, we face our common difficulties. They concern, thank God, only material things. Yet, our distress comes from no failure of substance.（分数：15.00）_5.My address will follow the classical sonata form of commencement addresses. T
7、he first movement, just presented, were light-hearted remarks. This next movement consists of unsolicited advice, which is rarely valued, seldom remembered, never followed. As Oscar Wilde said, The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on. It is never of any use to oneself. USo, here comes
8、 the advice. First, every time you celebrate an achievement, be thankful to those who made it possible. Thank your parents and friends who supported you, thank your professors who were inspirational, and especially thank the other professors whose less-than-brilliant lectures forced you to teach you
9、rself. Going forward, the ability to teach yourself is the hallmark of a great liberal arts education and will be the key to your success. To your fellow students who have added immeasurably to your education during those late night discussions, hug them. Also, of course, thank Harvard. Should you f
10、orget, theres an alumni association to remind you. Second, in your future life, cultivate a generous spirit. In all negotiations, dont bargain for the last little advantage. Leave the change on the table. In your collaborations, always remember that credit is not a conserved quantity. In a successfu
11、l collaboration, everybody gets 90 percent of the credit./U（分数：15.00）_6.A reader in Florida, apparently bruised by some personal experience, writes in to complain, If I steal a nickels worth of merchandise, I am a thief and punished; but if I steal the love of anothers wife, I am free. This is a pre
12、valent misconception in many peoples mindsthat love, like merchandise, can be stolen. Numerous states, in fact, have enacted laws allowing damages for alienation of affections. But love is not a commodity; the real thing cannot be bought, sold, traded or stolen. It is an act of the will, a turning o
13、f the emotions, a change in the climate of the personality. When a husband or wife is stolen by another person, that husband or wife was already ripe for the stealing, was already predisposed toward a new partner. The love bandit was only taking what was waiting to be taken, what wanted to be taken.
14、（分数：20.00）_专业英语八级翻译-8答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、BTRANSLATION/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BSECTION A CHINE(总题数：3，分数：50.00)1.不管是好习惯还是坏习惯，都是逐渐养成的。当一个人重复做某件事时，一种看不见的力量驱使他去重复做同一件事，这样就养成了习惯。习惯一旦形成，要改掉它是困难的，有时是不可能的。所以，我们在形成习惯的时候要小心谨慎，这一点是非常重要的。小孩子常常会养成坏习惯。这些坏习惯中有的一直保留到你死去为止。年纪大的人也会养成坏习惯，在某些情况下，这些坏习惯能毁掉人。还有的早年养成的习惯成
15、了一件幸事。许多成功者声称他们很多的成功要归功于早年生活所形成的习惯，诸如准时、早起、诚实和彻底。（分数：15.00）_正确答案：(Habits, good or bad, are acquired ones. A habit is developed by an invisible force which drives one to repeat an action. Once formed, it is hard, sometimes even impossible to get rid of it. Therefore, it is of great importance for us
16、to take great caution in training a habit. Children are prone to bad habits, some of which will remain throughout their life. Elderly people also tend to grow bad habits, which, under certain circumstances, may bring ruin to themselves. Some habits developed in ones earlier life turn to be a blessin
17、g. Many successful men have attributed their achievements to the habits acquired in their earlier life, such as punctuality, honesty, and perseverance and rising with the lark.)解析：解析 1不管是好习惯还是坏习惯，都是逐渐养成的：第一句的语义重心在于“习惯是逐渐养成的”，因此可译为Habits，good or bad，are acquired ones。 2当一个人重复做某件事时，一种看不见的力量驱使他去重复做同一件事
18、，这样就养成了习惯：此句在翻译时需要调整语序，该句强调的是习惯是如何养成的，因此把“这样就养成了习惯”译为主句，且转译为被动句A habit is developed by an invisible force which drives one to repeat an action. 其中“一种看不见的力量驱使他去重复做同一件事”本身已经包含“当一个人重复做某件事时”这句话，因此可省略不译。 3习惯一旦形成，要改掉它是困难的，有时是不可能的：此句中“习惯一旦形成”隐含条件之意，可译为完整的条件状语从句Once a habit is formed，也可译为分词短语once formed，从而使
19、句子更简洁。 4所以，我们在形成习惯的时候要小心谨慎，这一点是非常重要的：此句在翻译时需要调整语序，使译文更符合英语后重和先叙事后表态的特点，本句可译为it作形式主语的句子。“这一点是非常重要的”可译为It is of great importance或It is very important。 5小孩子常常会养成坏习惯。这些坏习惯中有的一直保留到你死去为止：这两句在语义和结构上都很紧凑，可合译为一句，其中后一句译为定语从句。前一句中的“小孩”和后一句中的“你”都是泛称，因而译文的主语统一用children即可。 6还有的早年养成的习惯成了一件幸事：可译为Some habits develop
20、ed in ones earlier life turn to be a blessing 7许多成功者声称他们很多的成功要归功于早年生活所形成的习惯，诸如准时、早起、诚实和彻底：此句中“声称”可省略不译。“准时”译为punctuality；“彻底”在文中指“坚持不懈”，可译为perseverance。“归功于”可译为attribute to或owe to。2.这一句话是：“不要抛弃学问。”以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭，不得已而做的，从今以后，你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。趁现在年富力强的时候，努力做一种专门学问。少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰时，要做学问也来不及了。即为吃饭
21、计，学问决不会辜负人的。吃饭而不求学问，三年五年之后，你们都要被后来少年淘汰掉的。到那时再想做点学问来补救，恐怕已太晚了。（分数：15.00）_正确答案：(I have the words, Never give up the pursuit of learning. You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma, or, in other words, out of sheer necessity. However, from now on you are free to fol
22、low your own bent in the choice of studies. While you are in the prime of life, why not devote yourselves to a special field of study? Youth will soon be gone never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years. Knowledge will do you a good turn even
23、as a means of subsistence. If you give up studies while holding a job, you will in a couple of years have had yourselves replaced by younger people. It will then be too late to remedy the situation by picking up studies again.)解析：解析 1不要放弃学问：若直译为Never give up learning则无法充分体现文中隐含的意思“不要放弃对学问的追求”，在此最好译为
24、Never give up the pursuit of learning. 2以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭，不得已而做的，从今以后，你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了：此句可拆译为两个独立的句子，前部分“不得已而做的”为无主句，需增译出主语you。“以前的功课”为名词，可转译为动宾结构have perhaps finished your college courses。“不得已而做的”指“纯粹是出于必要性而做”，可译为out of sheer necessity。后部分“从今以后研究了”与前部分的“从前”之间隐含转折语气，因此可增译however一词来衔接。 3趁现在专门学问：此
25、句为陈述句，在翻译时可采用转句译法，译成反问句式，从而增强说服力。“年富力强”，可译为in the prime of life。“专门学问”可译为a special field of study。 4少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰时，要做学问也来不及了：此句虽然不长，但前部分“少年是一去不复返的”与后部分“等到精力衰时，要做学问也来不及了”可拆译成两个独立的句子。“精力衰时”可译为in your declining years；“做学问”可译为go into scholarship。 5即为吃饭计：指“即便作为一种谋生的手段”，可译为even as a means of subsistence
26、。 6学问决不辜负人的：换句话说就是“学问会给你带来好处”，因此这句话可用反说正译法翻译成肯定句：Knowledge will do you a good turn。 7吃饭而不求学问：此句含有假设之意，因此可译为if引导的条件状语从句。 8到那时再想做点学问来补救，恐怕已太晚了：最后一句需调整语序，译为“it is+形容词+真正主语”的结构，即It will then be too late to remedy the situation by picking up studies again。3.从北平来的人往往说上海这地方怎么“呆”得住。一切都这样紧张。空气是这样龌龊。走出去很难看得见树
27、木。诸如此类，他们可以举出一大堆。我想，月亮仿佛失掉了这一点，也该列入他们认为上海“呆”不住的理由吧。假若如此，我倒并不同意。在生活的诸般条件里列入必须看月亮一项，那是没有理由的。清旷的襟怀和高远的想象力未必定须由对月而养成。把仰望的双眼移到地面，同样可以收到修养上的效益，而且更见切实。可是我并非反对看月亮，只是说即使看不到也没有什么关系罢了。（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(People from Peiping often wonder why one should choose to live in such a lousy place. They say life here is so
28、 full of tension, the air so foul, trees so scarce, and so on and so forth. I wonder if the apparent loss of moonlight might as well be listed among their reasons for staying away from this city. But I would think otherwise, for it doesnt make sense to call enjoyment of moonlight one of the requisit
29、es of life. Open heart and wide vision do not necessarily come of watching the moon. The same can be achieved in self-cultivation, and that in a more practical way, by looking earthward instead of skyward. Nevertheless, Im not opposed to watching the moon. I only mean it doesnt matter at all if you
30、see no moon.)解析：解析 1上海这地方怎么“呆”得住：指人们怎么会选择住在上海这么一个地方，故可译为why one should choose to live in such a lousy place。 2一切都这样紧张。空气是这样龌龊。走出去很难看得见树木。诸如此类，他们可以举出一大堆：本处句式结构简短，表达的都是北平人的看法，因此可合译为一个句子，但需增译主they say。“一切都这样紧张”不可直译为Everything is nervous此处的“紧张”是形容生活节奏紧绷，因此可译为Life here is full of tension。 3我想，月亮仿佛失掉了这一点，
31、也该列入他们认为上海“呆”不住的理由吧：本句以助词“吧”字结尾，隐含一种不太肯定的语气，故此处“我想”译为I wonder比I think更贴切。“也”在此译为“as well”也比用also彰显翻译功底。 4假若如此，我倒并不同意。在生活的诸般条件里列入必须看月亮一项，那是没有理由的：这两句之间联系紧密，隐含因果关系，因此可合译为一句。后一句在译文中要调整语序，采用it作形式主语的结构。这里的“条件”指“生活必需条件”，可译为requisite of life。 5把仰望的双眼关系罢了：是汉语中常见的无主句，翻译时可转换语态，译为英语被动句。“修养”可译为self-cultivation；“
32、修养上的效益”指的就是前一句的“清旷的襟怀和高远的想象力”，为了避免复赘，可用the same代替。“反对”可译为be opposed to，be against，或disagree with。三、BSECTION B ENGLI(总题数：3，分数：50.00)4.This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly. Nor need we shrink from honestly facing the conditions facing our country today.
33、 This great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. So first of all, let me express my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itselfnameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror, which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. In every dark ho
34、ur of our national life, a leadership of frankness and vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves, which is essential to victory. And I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days. In such a spirit on my part and on yours, w
35、e face our common difficulties. They concern, thank God, only material things. Yet, our distress comes from no failure of substance.（分数：15.00）_正确答案：(现在正是坦白、勇敢地说出实话，说出全部实话的最好时刻。我们不必畏畏缩缩，不正视我们国家正面临的情况。这个伟大的国家会一如既往地坚持下去，它会复兴和繁荣起来。因此，让我首先表明我的坚定信念：我们唯一不得不害怕的就是害怕本身一种无以名状的、丧失理智的、莫名其妙的恐惧，它把人转退为进所需的种种努力化为泡影。
36、凡在我们国家阴云密布的时刻，坦率而有活力的领导都得到过人民的理解和支持，从而为胜利创造了必不可少的条件。我相信，在这危急时刻，大家会再次给予同样的支持。 我和你们都要以这种精神，来面对我们共同的困难。感谢上帝，这些困难只是物质方面的。但是，我们的苦恼绝不是因为缺乏物资。)解析：解析 1preeminently：意为“显著地，卓越地”。 2Nor need we shrink from honestly facing.：本句整句是一个倒装句，nor否定词提前，用部分倒装。honestly facing.直译为“诚实地面对”，这里宜意译为“正视”。 3.will endure as it as e
37、ndured：endure意为“忍受”，本句直译为“将会像他们以前一样继续忍受”，这样显得生涩无味，故译为“将一如既往地坚持”。 4nameless：意为“无以名状的”。 5which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance：本句是一个定语从句修饰先行词terror，which在从句中作主语，to convert retreat into advance是动词不定式作后置定语修饰needed efforts，其中convert.into.意为“把转化成”，paralyze意为“使无能为力，使瘫痪”，retreat意为“撤
38、退”。 6I am convinced that：译为“我确信”。 7in these critical days：译为“在这危急时刻”。5.My address will follow the classical sonata form of commencement addresses. The first movement, just presented, were light-hearted remarks. This next movement consists of unsolicited advice, which is rarely valued, seldom remembe
39、red, never followed. As Oscar Wilde said, The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on. It is never of any use to oneself. USo, here comes the advice. First, every time you celebrate an achievement, be thankful to those who made it possible. Thank your parents and friends who supported you
40、, thank your professors who were inspirational, and especially thank the other professors whose less-than-brilliant lectures forced you to teach yourself. Going forward, the ability to teach yourself is the hallmark of a great liberal arts education and will be the key to your success. To your fello
41、w students who have added immeasurably to your education during those late night discussions, hug them. Also, of course, thank Harvard. Should you forget, theres an alumni association to remind you. Second, in your future life, cultivate a generous spirit. In all negotiations, dont bargain for the l
42、ast little advantage. Leave the change on the table. In your collaborations, always remember that credit is not a conserved quantity. In a successful collaboration, everybody gets 90 percent of the credit./U（分数：15.00）_正确答案：(所以，下面就是我的忠告。第一，每次在你庆祝自己的成就的时候，感谢那些帮你实现成就的人。要感谢你的父母和支持你的朋友，要感谢那些启发过你的教授，尤其要感谢
43、那些课上得不怎么好的教授，因为他们迫使你自学。从长远来看，自学能力是优秀的人文科学教育中必不可少的，将成为你成功的关键。你还要去拥抱你的同学，感谢他们在那些彻夜长谈中为你的学习带来的无法衡量的价值。当然，你还要感谢哈佛大学。不过即使你忘了这一点，校友会也会来提醒你。第二，在你们未来的人生中，做一个慷慨大方的人。在任何谈判中，都把最后一点点利益留给对方。不要把桌上的钱都拿走。在合作中，要牢记荣誉不是一个守恒的量。成功合作的任何一方，都应获得全部荣誉的90%。)解析：解析 1inspirational：意为“给予灵感的，给予启发的”。 2.especially thank the other pr
44、ofessors whose less-than-brilliant lectures forced you to teach yourself：本句中whose less-than-brilliant lectures forced you to teach yourself是一个whose引导的定语从句，修饰professors。 3Going forward.：意为“向前，前进”。 4hallmark：意为“显著特征”。 5liberal arts education：liberal arts意为“人文科学”，liberal arts education则译为“人文科学教育”。 6nig
45、ht discussions：可译为“夜谈”。 7Should you forget，theres an alumni association to remind you：本句是一个省略了even if的条件状语从句，译为“即使你忘记了哈佛大学，校友会也会来提醒你”，alumni association意为“校友会，同学会”。 8In all negotiations, dont bargain for the last little advantage. Leave the change on the table：bargain for意为“为谈判，为而讨价还价”，本句若直译为“在谈判中，不要为最后一点小小的利益谈判，将零钱放在桌上”，读起来生涩拗口，故把两句反过来译要合适一些。6.A reader in Florida, apparently bruised by some personal experience, writes in to complain, If I steal a nickels worth of merchandise, I am a thief and punished; but if I steal the love of anothers wife, I am f
