1、专业八级翻译-练习十及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)1.在探求真理的过程中，人们对客观规律的认识要经过艰苦曲折的过程。常常有这样的情形：由于研究的角度不同，掌握资料的差异，认识方法的不同，就会出现“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同”的情况，以至引起学术上的争论。因此，有作为的科学工作者都把反对的意见看作对自己的莫大的帮助，把对自己的批评当做最珍贵的友谊。正如歌德所说，“我们赞同的东西使我们处之泰然，我们反对的东西才使我们的思想获得丰产。”这都是因为，赞同的意见未必正确，反对的意见未必错误。退一步说，
2、即使错误的反对意见，对自己的科学研究也是很有好处的。（分数：10.00）_2.这以后的九个年头，为了保持求学(尤其是英语学习)的高昂斗志，我压抑着对音乐的朦胧向往。我的这番努力取得了丰硕成果，我在家乡读完了中学和大学，都很顺利。我还考上了首都北京的一家名牌大学读第二学位。当我接到通知书时我真感动得热泪盈眶了。我懂英语，我知道这就是我的本钱，我可以和有钢琴的人进行互助，我教他英语他让我弹琴。（分数：10.00）_3.根据我个人七八十年的经验，一个人绝不能让自己的脑筋投闲置散，要经常让脑筋活动着。根据外国一些科学家的实验结果，“用脑伤神”的旧说法已经不能成立，应改为“用脑长寿”。人的衰老主要是脑细
3、胞的死亡。中老年人的脑细胞虽然天天死亡，但人一生中所启用的脑细胞只占细胞总量的四分之一，而且在活动的情况下，每天还有新的脑细胞产生。只要脑筋的活动不停止，新生细胞比死亡细胞数目还要多。勤于动脑筋，则能经常保持脑中血液的流通状态，而且能通过脑筋协调控制全身的功能。（分数：10.00）_4.我们总能听到父母和孩子之间存在“代沟”，在音乐、道德准则、时尚以及很多事情上双方看法都不同。如今，又出现一个“代圈”，指年轻人在技术应用方面的能力正逐步超过他们父辈。在技术应用方面，这一代年轻人不只是超过了父辈，而且是已经远远领先在前，到了一个全新的工作层面。所以芬兰才会有这样让人不可思议的一个举动，政府精心挑
4、选出 5000名新生代网络达人，让他们教本国教师使用电脑。学生变身为老师，而老师则变身为学生。（分数：10.00）_5.在兽类中我最爱虎，在虎的故事中我最爱下面的一个。深山中有一所古庙，几个和尚在那里过着单调的修行生活。同他们做朋友的，除了有时上山来的少数乡下人，就是几只猛虎。虎不惊扰僧人，却替他们守护庙宇。作为报酬，和尚把一些可吃的东西放在庙门前。每天傍晚，夕阳染红小半个天空，虎们成群地走到庙门口，吃了东西，跳跃而去。庙门大开，僧人们安然在庙内做他们的日课，也没有谁出去看虎怎样吃东西，即使偶尔有一两个和尚立在门前，虎们亦视为平常的事情，把他们看做熟人，不去惊动，却斯斯文文地吃完走开。（分数：
5、10.00）_二、SECTION B ENGLISH TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)6.The disturbance of the soul cannot be ended nor true joy created either by the possession of the greatest wealth or by honor and respect in the eyes of the mob or by anything else that is associated with causes of unlimited desires We must not violate n
6、ature, but obey her; and we shall obey her if we fulfill the necessary desires and also the natural, if they bring no harm to us, but sternly reject the harmful. The man who follows nature and not vain opinions is independent in all things. For in reference to what is enough for nature every possess
7、ion is fiches, but in reference to unlimited desires even the greatest wealth is not riches but poverty.Insofar as you are in difficulties, it is because you forget nature; for you create for yourself unlimited fears and desires. It is better for you to be free of fear lying upon a pallet, than to h
8、ave a golden couch and a rich table and be full of trouble.（分数：10.00）_7.As a probing psychologist Faulkner is the unrivalled master among all living British and American novelists. Neither do any of his colleagues possess his fantastic imaginative powers and his ability to create characters. His sub
9、human and superhuman figures, tragic or comic in a macabre way, emerge from his mind with a reality that few existing peopleeven those nearest to uscan give us, and they move in a milieu whose odors of subtropical plants, ladies perfumes, Negro sweat, and the smell of horses and mules penetrate imme
10、diately even into a Scandinavians warm and cosy den. As a painter of landscapes he has the hunters intimate knowledge of his own hunting-ground, the topographers accuracy, and the impressionists sensitivity. Moreoverside by side with Joyce and perhaps even more soFaulkner is the great experimentalis
11、t among twentieth-century novelists. Scarcely two of his novels are similar technically. It seems as if by this continuous renewal he wanted to achieve the increased breadth which his limited world, both in geography and in subject matter, cannot give him.（分数：10.00）_8.The fortunate people in the wor
12、ldthe only really fortunate people in the world, in my mindare those whose work is also their pleasure. The class is not a large one, not nearly so large as it is often represented to be; and authors are perhaps one of the most important elements in its composition. They enjoy in this respect at lea
13、st a real harmony of life. To my mind, to be able to make your work your pleasure is the one class distinction in the world worth striving for; and I do not wonder that others are inclined to envy those happy human beings who find their livelihood in the gay effusions of their fancy, to whom every h
14、our of labor is an hour of enjoyment, to whom reposehowever necessaryis a tiresome interlude, and even a holiday is almost deprivation. Whether a man writes well or ill, has much to say or little, if he cares about writing at all, he will appreciate the pleasures of composition. To sit at ones table
15、 on a sunny morning, with four clear hours of uninterruptible security, plenty of nice white paper, and a Squeezer penthat is true happiness.（分数：10.00）_9.We do not admire the man of timid peace. We admire the man who embodies victorious efforts, the man who never wrongs his neighbor, who is prompt t
16、o help a friend, but who has those virile qualities necessary to win in the stem strife of actual life. It is hard to fail, but it is worse never to have fried to succeed. In this life we get nothing save by effort. Freedom from effort in the present merely means that there has been effort stored up
17、 in the past. A man can be freed from the necessity of work only by the fact that he or his fathers before him have worked to good purpose. If the freedom thus purchased is used aright, and the man still does actual work, though of a different kind, whether as a writer or a general, whether in the f
18、ield of politics or in the field of exploration and adventure, he shows he deserves his good fortune.（分数：10.00）_10.Is a translation meant for readers who do not understand the original? This would seem to explain adequately the divergence of their standing in the realm of art. Moreover, it seems to
19、be the only conceivable reason for saying “the same thing“ repeatedly. For what does a literary work “say“? What does it communicate? It “tells“ very little to those who understand it. Its essential quality is not statement or the imparting of information. Yet any translation which intends to perfor
20、m a transmitting function cannot transmit anything but informationhence, something inessential. This is the hallmark of bad translations. But do we not generally regard as the essential substance of a literary work what it contains in addition to informationas even a poor translator will admitthe un
21、fathomable, the mysterious, and the “poetic“, something that a translator can reproduce only if he is also a poet? This, actually, is the cause of another characteristic of inferior translation, which consequently we may define as the inaccurate transmission of an inessential content. This will be t
22、rue whenever a translation undertakes to serve the reader. However, if it intended for the reader, the same would have to apply to the original. If the original does not exist for the readers sake, how could the translation be understood on the basis of this premise?（分数：10.00）_专业八级翻译-练习十答案解析(总分：100.
23、00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)1.在探求真理的过程中，人们对客观规律的认识要经过艰苦曲折的过程。常常有这样的情形：由于研究的角度不同，掌握资料的差异，认识方法的不同，就会出现“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同”的情况，以至引起学术上的争论。因此，有作为的科学工作者都把反对的意见看作对自己的莫大的帮助，把对自己的批评当做最珍贵的友谊。正如歌德所说，“我们赞同的东西使我们处之泰然，我们反对的东西才使我们的思想获得丰产。”这都是因为，赞同的意见未必正确，反对的意见未必错误。退一步说，即使错误的反对意见，对自己的科学研究也是很有好
24、处的。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(In the process of exploring truth, people will have to experience tremendous hardships and difficulties before they can come to understand the objective laws. It is often the case that the differences in the research perspectives, the materials mastered, and the ways of understan
25、ding would lead to totally different resultsas we might say, “a mountain becomes a hill when viewed horizontally and a ridge when viewed vertically, and it assumes totally different shapes when viewed from a short or a long distance, or from a high or a low. position. “and even lead to academic disp
26、utes. Therefore, an accomplished scientist would regard opposing arguments as his most tremendous benefit and take others criticism of him as the most precious friendship that he can ever obtain. In Gothes words, “We take for granted what we are in favor of. However, only what we are opposed to can
27、enrich our thoughts.“ This is all because the approving opinions are not necessarily justified while the opposing arguments are not necessarily unfounded. To put it in the least way, even the opposing arguments that are mistaken will be immensely beneficial to ones own scientific research.)解析：难点注释1在
28、的过程中：可译为 in the process of。2艰苦曲折：可译为 tremendous hardships and difficulties。3客观规律：即 objective laws。4常常有这样的情形：可译为 it is often the case that。5由于研究的角度不同，掌握资料的差异，认识方法的不同：在结构上是并列的，且都在说明不同性，因此可处理为 the differences in the research perspectives，the materials mastered，and the ways of understanding。6就会出现“横看成岭侧成
29、峰，远近高低各不同”的情况：句中含有诗句。针对原文中出现引语或诗句，在翻译中通常将其抽离出来，用 as the saying goes或 as we might say来引导。因此该部分可译为would lead to totally different resultsas we might say，“a mountain.from a high or a low position.”。“远近高低”不能逐字译为 distance，vicinity，high and low。根据上下文，“远近高低”指看的角度或位置不同，故应译为 viewed from a short or a long dis
30、tance，or from a high or a low position。7因此，有作为的友谊：可译为包含两个谓语动词的并列句。“有作为的科学工作者”可译为 an accomplished scientist；“反对的意见”译为 opposing arguments/opinions。“把看作/当作”可译为 regard/consider/view.as，或 take.as。8正如歌德所说：译为 In Gothes words。9处之泰然：在此含有“理所当然”之意，可泽为 take.for granted。10使我们的思想获得丰产：指使我们的思想更加丰富，可译为 enrich our th
31、oughts。11赞同的东西：可译为 what we agree with，或 what we are in favor of。12“赞同的意见未必正确”和“反对的意见未必错误”：构成比照关系，故可用比较连词 while连接。13未必：译为 not necessarily即可。14退一步说：可译为 to put it in the least way。15对有好处：可译为 be beneficial to。2.这以后的九个年头，为了保持求学(尤其是英语学习)的高昂斗志，我压抑着对音乐的朦胧向往。我的这番努力取得了丰硕成果，我在家乡读完了中学和大学，都很顺利。我还考上了首都北京的一家名牌大学读第
32、二学位。当我接到通知书时我真感动得热泪盈眶了。我懂英语，我知道这就是我的本钱，我可以和有钢琴的人进行互助，我教他英语他让我弹琴。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(For the next nine years I carefully smothered my budding aspiration for music to keep aflame my quest for learning, especially in English studies. My efforts were so rewarding that I went successfully through high schoo
33、l and college in my hometown. When I received the admission notice of a second degree course from a prestigious university in Beijing, the national capital, tears welled up my eyes. I knew my command of English was my asset, for I might make a deal with a pianist who would give me access to his pian
34、o in exchange for English lessons.)解析：难点注释1这以后的九个年头，为了保持求学(尤其是英语学习)的高昂斗志，我压抑着对音乐的朦胧向往：此句的语义重心在于“我压抑着对音乐的朦胧向往”，因此可译为主句，而“为了保持求学高昂斗志”则是目的，可译为不定式短语。2保持求学的高昂斗志：即保持求学的热情，可译为 keep aflame my quest for learning。3对音乐的朦胧向往：指我对音乐的热爱处于萌芽状态，可译为 my budding aspiration for music。4我的这番努力取得了丰硕成果，我在家乡读完了中学和大学，都很顺利：第二句
35、隐含因果关系，因此可译为含有 so.that结果状语从句的复合句。“取得了丰硕成果”可译为 were so rewarding，“都很顺利”转译为副词 successfully。5考上：可译为 received the admission notice of。6名牌大学：可译为 a prestigious university或 a famous university。7我还考上了首都北京的一家名牌大学读第二学位。当我接到通知书时我真感动得热泪盈眶了：这两句在语意上承接紧凑，因此可合译为一句，即把第三句译为时间状语从句，第四句译为主句。“感动得热泪盈眶”简洁译为 tears welled up
36、 my eyes即可。8我懂英语，我知道这就是我的本钱，我可以和有钢琴的人进行互助，我教他英语，他让我弹琴：此句看似结构松散，实则暗含不甚明显的因果关系，即可把“我可以让我弹琴”译为 for引导的原因状语从句，而“我懂英语，我知道这就是我的本钱”则译为主句 I knew my command of English was my asset。“进行互助”若译为 help each other则无法充分体现作者利用自己的特长和钢琴家进行互惠学习的意思，故在此最好译为 make a deal with。3.根据我个人七八十年的经验，一个人绝不能让自己的脑筋投闲置散，要经常让脑筋活动着。根据外国一些科
37、学家的实验结果，“用脑伤神”的旧说法已经不能成立，应改为“用脑长寿”。人的衰老主要是脑细胞的死亡。中老年人的脑细胞虽然天天死亡，但人一生中所启用的脑细胞只占细胞总量的四分之一，而且在活动的情况下，每天还有新的脑细胞产生。只要脑筋的活动不停止，新生细胞比死亡细胞数目还要多。勤于动脑筋，则能经常保持脑中血液的流通状态，而且能通过脑筋协调控制全身的功能。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(According to foreign researchers, the old cliche “frequent use of the brain does harm to ones health“ can no
38、 longer hold water. Now it should be “frequent use of the brain leads to longevity“. The process of aging refers, for the most part, to the death of cerebral cells. Though brain cells in the middle-aged and elderly individuals are being killed on daily basis, they are merely 1/4 of the total cells u
39、sed up in ones lifetime. Besides, brain cells can regenerate in an active state of mind. That is to say, as long as the brain keeps working, the dead cells could be outnumbered by the new ones. Therefore, not only can the regular use of the head maintain the normal circulation of cerebral blood, but
40、 it can also get the whole bodily function under control via brain coordination.)解析：难点注释1“用脑伤神”的旧说法已经不能成立：“用脑伤神”可理解为“经常使用大脑对健康有害”，故可译为 frequent use of the brain does harm to ones health。“旧说法”固定译为 old cliche，表示“不再成立，不再站得住脚”可译为 no longer hold water。整个句子可译为 the old cliche “frequent use of the brain doe
41、s harm to ones health” can no longer hold water。2用脑长寿：可译为 frequent use of the brain leads to longevity。3人的衰老主要是脑细胞的死亡：“人的衰老”是一个过程，可译为 the process of aging，“主要”可用介词短语表达 for the most part，“是”译为 refer to最好，“脑细胞”译为 cerebral cells。4中老年人：可译为 the middle-aged and elderly individuals。5而且在活动的情况下，每天还有新的脑细胞产生：“
42、而且”可译为 besides，“在活动的情况下”指“思维活跃的情况下”，故译为 in an active state of mind，“新细胞产生”也就是“脑细胞再生”，故译为 brain cells can regenerate。整句话可翻译为 Besides，brain cells can regenerate in an active state of mind.6只要脑筋的活动不停止。新生细胞比死亡细胞数目还要多：此句是对上一句的解释，为了使上下文连贯，最好增译出表示解释的连接词 that is to say。“新生细胞比死亡细胞数目还要多”有多种表达方式，但译为 the dead c
43、ells could be outnumbered by the new ones更生动。7血液的流通：可译为 the normal circulation of cerebral blood。8能通过脑筋协调控制全身的功能：译为 get the whole bodily function under control via brain coordination。4.我们总能听到父母和孩子之间存在“代沟”，在音乐、道德准则、时尚以及很多事情上双方看法都不同。如今，又出现一个“代圈”，指年轻人在技术应用方面的能力正逐步超过他们父辈。在技术应用方面，这一代年轻人不只是超过了父辈，而且是已经远远领先
44、在前，到了一个全新的工作层面。所以芬兰才会有这样让人不可思议的一个举动，政府精心挑选出 5000名新生代网络达人，让他们教本国教师使用电脑。学生变身为老师，而老师则变身为学生。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(We often hear about the “generation gap“ that occurs between parents and children when it comes to music, morals, fashion and a host of other things. Now there is a “generation lap“, the tendency
45、 for young people to be increasingly more technically savvy than their parents and elders. Theyre not just ahead of their parents in the way they use technology, theyve lapped their parents and are working at a whole new level. Thats why there is an unbelievable example from Finland where the government has hand-selected 5,000 Net Generations to train the countrys teachers how to use computers. The students are the teachers and the teachers will be the students.)解析
