1、专业八级翻译-练习十二及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)1.曾几何时，人们还对“80 后”评头论足，或感叹他们是“垮掉的一代”，或认为他们很嫩很青涩。如今，“80 后”已经长大了，他们中将首次出现 30 岁群体。论语说，“三十而立”，而我们却无法把“80 后”与而立画上等号。调查显示，五成以上“80 后”的职场人在工作上力不从心；近五成调查对象无房无车，且处于未婚状态。“80 后”要改变自己的命运，靠的是自己，多一些意气风发，多一些愈挫愈勇的斗志，少一些埋怨，少一些迷失。毕竞，“80 后”也不乏成功
2、人士，他们筚路蓝缕，走出了自己的一片天。（分数：10.00）_2.海洋覆盖了地球表面的 71%，是全球生命支持系统的一个基本组成部分，也是资源的宝库，环境的重要调节器。人类社会的发展必然会越来越多地依赖海洋。中国是一个发展中的沿海大国。中国高度重视海洋的开发和保护，把发展海洋事业作为国家发展战略，加强海洋综合管理，不断完善海洋法律制度，积极发展海洋科学技术和教育。中国积极参与联合国系统的海洋事务，推进国家间和地区性海洋领域的合作，并认真履行自己承担的义务，为全球海洋开发和保护事业作出了积极的贡献。（分数：10.00）_3.那年，一场变故悄悄潜入我家。先是母亲生病住院，体质本就赢弱的父亲，因为焦
3、虑过度，也随即病倒，父母双双住进了医院。太阳从西边落山，恐惧却从我的心头升起，那年我才十三岁。山村的夜色中，黑黢黢的远山像一幅剪纸阴森地贴在窗户的玻璃上，偌大的屋子里，只剩下我和妹妹。山中的狼群，一声接一声凄厉地哀嗥，常常将我和妹妹从梦中惊醒。我们住在一所山村学校，叫喊声未必能让远处的人家听见。忽然，我想起了口哨母亲上体育课时用的口哨。鼓起胸腔我拼命地让全部的气流吹出尽可能最大的声响。渐渐地，我听见了家门前由远及近嘈杂的脚步声，大声说话的声音。窗外交织着手电筒的光亮。我听见了乡亲们喊我的名字。开了门，一群人扛着锄头站在我家门前他们都是周围我熟悉的乡亲。善良的黑脸，热切的目光，一群人由衷的关爱，
4、驱散了我内心的恐惧。（分数：10.00）_4.据说，上海男人是最好的丈夫。他们总是知道该如何讨妻子的欢心，从而避免了矛盾，一家人其乐融融。所以从某种程度上讲，上海男人是社会安定和谐的象征。当妻子快乐时，他也快乐，因而整个城市也充满了快乐气氛。虽然上海男人被戏谑为“妻管严”，但他并不屈从于妻子。在与妻子有争议时，他要么保持沉默要么一笑置之。有时候他会发火，但事后不久，他也会毫不迟疑地道歉。最终他妻子发现，她还是按照他的想法行事。上海男人聪明、务实，有时也相当圆滑。最令人印象深刻的是，上海男人在事业上有进取心，对家庭有很强的责任感，而且尊重女性。（分数：10.00）_5.中华民族的传统文化博大精深
5、，源远流长。早在 2000 多年前，就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说，以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说和学派。这就是有名的诸子百家。从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族的传统文化有它的多珍品，许多人民性和民主性的好东西。比如，强调仁爱、强调群体、强调天下为公，特别是“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的爱国情操和吃苦耐劳、勤俭持家、尊师重教的传统美德。所有这些，对家庭、对国家和社会都起到了巨大的维系和调节作用。（分数：10.00）_二、SECTION B ENGLISH TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)6.After dinner, my sleepiness returned, a
6、nd being shown to a bed, I lay down without undressing, and slept till six in the evening, was called to supper, went to bed again very early, and slept soundly till next morning. Then I made myself as tidy as I could, and went to Andrew Bradford the printers. I found in the shop the old man his fat
7、her, whom I had seen at New York, and who, traveling on horseback, had got to Philadelphia before me. He introduced me to his son. who received me civilly, gave me a breakfast, but told me he did not at present want a hand, being lately supplied with one; but there was another printer in town, latel
8、y set up, one Keimer, who, perhaps, might employ me; if not, I should be welcome to lodge at his house, and he would give me a little work to do now and then till fuller business should offer.The old gentleman said he would go with me to the new printer; and when we found him, “Neighbor,“ says Bradf
9、ord, “I have brought to see you a young man of your business; perhaps you may want such a one.“ He asked me a few questions, put a composing stick in my hand to see how I worked, and then said he would employ me soon, though he had just then nothing for me to do.（分数：10.00）_7.A winner is not afraid t
10、o do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge. He can separate facts from opinion and doesnt pretend to have all the answers. He listens to others, evaluates what they say, but comes to his own conclusions. While he can admire and respect other people, he is not totally defined, bound, or awed
11、by them.A winner can be spontaneous. He doesnt have to respond in predetermined, rigid ways. He can change his plans when the situation calls for it. A winner has a zest for life. He enjoys work, play, food, other people, and the world of nature. Without guilt he enjoys his own accomplishments. With
12、out envy he enjoys the accomplishments of others.Although a winner can freely enjoy himself, he can also postpone enjoyment. He can discipline himself in the present to enhance his enjoyment in the future. He is not afraid to go after what he wants but does so in appropriate ways. He does not get hi
13、s security by controlling others.A winner cares about the world and its people. He is not isolated from the general problems of society. He is concerned, compassionate and committed to improving the quality of life. Even in the face of national and international adversity, he does not see himself as
14、 totally powerless. He does what he can to make the world a better place.（分数：10.00）_8.Society is commonly too cheap. We meet at very short intervals, not having had time to acquire any new value for each other. We meet at meals three times a day, and give each other a new taste of that old musty che
15、ese that we are. We have had to agree on a certain set of rules, called etiquette and politeness, to make this frequent meeting tolerable and that we need not come to open war. We meet at the post-office, and at the sociable, and about the fireside every night; we live thick and are in each others w
16、ay, and stumble over one another, and I think that we thus lose some respect for one another. Certainly less frequency would suffice for all important and hearty communications. Consider the girls in a factorynever alone, hardly in their dreams. It would be better if there were but one inhabitant to
17、 a square mile, as where I live. The value of a man is not in his skin, that we should touch him.（分数：10.00）_9.The men of history were not perpetually looking into the mirror to make sure of their own size. Absorbed in their work they did it. They did it so well that the wondering world saw them to b
18、e great, and labeled them accordingly. To live with a high ideal is a successful life. It is not what one does, but what one tries to do, that makes a man strong.“Eternal vigilance,“ it has been said, “is the price of liberty.“ With equal truth it may be said, “Unceasing effort is the price of succe
19、ss.“ If we do not work with our might, others will; they will outstrip us in the race, and pluck the prize from our grasp.Success grows less and less dependent on luck and chance. Self-distrust is the cause of most of our failures.The great and indispensable help to success is character. Character i
20、s crystallized habit, the result of training and conviction. Every character is influenced by heredity, environment and education. But these apart, if every man were not to a great extent the architect of his own character, he would be a fatalist, an irresponsible creature of circumstances.（分数：10.00
21、）_10.Tomorrow, when it came, proved to be Mack and cold, a day of pouring ram. As they filed through the narrow, crowded streets, that harsh Norman city presented no very cheering aspect. They were glad, at last, to find the waterside, to go out on the bridge and breathe the air in the great open sp
22、ace over the river, away from the clatter of cart-wheels and the hard voices and crafty faces of these townspeople, who seemed rough and unfriendly. From the bridge they looked up at the white chalk hills, the tops a blur of intense green under the low, lead-coloured sky. They watched the fleets of
23、broad, deep-set fiver barges, coming and going under their feet, with tilted smoke-stacks. Only a little way up that river was Paris, the place where every doughboy meant to go; and as they leaned on the rail and looked down at the slow-flowing water, each one had in his mind a confused picture of w
24、hat it would be like.（分数：10.00）_专业八级翻译-练习十二答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)1.曾几何时，人们还对“80 后”评头论足，或感叹他们是“垮掉的一代”，或认为他们很嫩很青涩。如今，“80 后”已经长大了，他们中将首次出现 30 岁群体。论语说，“三十而立”，而我们却无法把“80 后”与而立画上等号。调查显示，五成以上“80 后”的职场人在工作上力不从心；近五成调查对象无房无车，且处于未婚状态。“80 后”要改变自己的命运，靠的是自己，多一些意气风发，多一些愈挫愈
25、勇的斗志，少一些埋怨，少一些迷失。毕竞，“80 后”也不乏成功人士，他们筚路蓝缕，走出了自己的一片天。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(There was a time when people commented the post-1980s generation from head to feet, either referring to them as the “beat generation“ or claiming they were wet behind the ears. Now these post-1980s cohorts have grown up, some of who
26、m have just turned thirty. The Analects of Confucius said that “one should plant his feet upon the ground at the age of thirty“. Yet it is hard for us to equate the 20-or 30-somethings with being well-established. Statistically speaking, more than fifty percent of post-1980s generation people feel s
27、omewhat inadequate at work and nearly half of the respondents cannot afford a car and a house and are yet to walk down the aisle.The post-1980s generation falls on oneself to change his/her destiny. Lets equip ourselves with more vigor, vitality and strong will through many a twist and turn, less wh
28、ining and wandering. After all, there are indeed high achievers among the post-1980s generation, who are self-made entrepreneurs against all the odds and have their life course figured out.)解析：难点注释1曾几何时：译为 there was a time，后面通常接 when 引导的定语从句。2“80 后”：可译为 post-1980s generation 或 the 20-or 30-something
29、s。3评头论足：可译为 comment from head to feet。4或感叹他们是“垮掉的一代”，或认为他们很嫩很青涩：此处可译为 eitheror结构。“垮掉的一代”译为 beat generation，“很嫩很青涩”可理解为“乳臭未干，少不更事”，故译为 wet behind the ears。5论语说，“三十而立”：“论语”译为 The Analects of Confucius，“三十而立”可用意译法译为 one should plant his feet upon the ground at the age of thirty。6而我们却无法把“80 后”与而立画上等号：此处
30、的“无法”最好理解为“很难”，即译为 it is hard for us to.，“把与画等号”可译为 equatewith，此处的“而立”为了避免与前文重复，且表述简洁，可直接译为 being well-established。7工作上力不从心：译为 feel somewhat inadequate at work。8处于未婚状态：可译为 be in single state 或 be yet to walk down the aisle。9多一些意气风发，多一些愈挫愈勇的斗志，少一些埋怨，少一些迷失：此处有激励的语气，故可补充译出祈使句 Lets equip ourselves with.
31、，“意气风发、斗志”译为 vigor, vitality and strong will，“少一些抱怨，少一些迷失”译为 less whining and wandering。10筚路蓝缕：意译为 against all the odds。11走出了自己的一片天：可意译为 have their life course figured out。2.海洋覆盖了地球表面的 71%，是全球生命支持系统的一个基本组成部分，也是资源的宝库，环境的重要调节器。人类社会的发展必然会越来越多地依赖海洋。中国是一个发展中的沿海大国。中国高度重视海洋的开发和保护，把发展海洋事业作为国家发展战略，加强海洋综合管理，不
32、断完善海洋法律制度，积极发展海洋科学技术和教育。中国积极参与联合国系统的海洋事务，推进国家间和地区性海洋领域的合作，并认真履行自己承担的义务，为全球海洋开发和保护事业作出了积极的贡献。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(The ocean, which covers 71 per cent of the earths surface, is a basic component of the global bio-support system. It is also a treasure house of resources and an important regulator of the en
33、vironment. It is inevitable that the development of human society will come to depend more and more on the ocean.As a major developing country with a long coastline, China attaches great importance to marine development and protection, and takes it as the states development strategy. It is constantl
34、y strengthening comprehensive marine management, steadily improving its marine-related laws, and actively developing science, technology and education pertaining to the oceans. China has made positive contributions to international ocean development and protection by participating positively in UN m
35、arine affairs, promoting cooperation between countries and regions and conscientiously carrying out its obligations in this field.)解析：难点注释1海洋覆盖了地球表面的 71%，是全球生命支持系统的一个基本组成部分，也是资源的宝库，环境的重要调节器：此句可断句译为两个独立的句子。前部分的语义重心在于“是全球生命组成部分”，可译为主句，而“覆盖了地球表面的 71%”则处理为定语从句 which covers 71 per cent of the earths surf
36、ace。2全球生命支持系统：可泽为 the global bio-support system。3基本组成部分：可译为 basic component/element。4宝库：可译为 treasure house。5调节器：译为 regulator 即可。6人类社会的发展必然会越来越多地依赖海洋：此句在翻译时可调整语序，以符合英语句式结构“重心在后”的特点。该句可译为“it is+形容词+从句的结构”：It is inevitable that.。7沿海大国：若直译为 a great country along the sea 则显得不地道，译为 a major country with a
37、long coastline 更贴切些。8中国高度重视发展战略：可译为独立的句子。9高度重视：可译为 attaches great importance to 或 pays great attention to。10发展战略：可译为 development strategy。11加强海洋综合管理技术和教育：增译主语 China 或 It；“海洋法律制度”可译为 marine-related laws；“加强”可译为 strengthen 或 enforce。12中国积极参与联合国系统的海洋事务，为全球海洋开发和保护事业作出了积极的贡献：此句较长，需要调整语序，符合英语先表态后叙事的特点。该句的
38、语义重心在于“为全球海洋积极的贡献”，可译为主句；“中国积极参与承担的义务”为中国作出贡献的方式，可译为 by 引导的介词短语。13为作出积极贡献：可译为 make positive contributions to。14推进合作：在此译为 promoting cooperation。15认真履行自己承担的义务：译为 conscientiously carrying out its obligations。3.那年，一场变故悄悄潜入我家。先是母亲生病住院，体质本就赢弱的父亲，因为焦虑过度，也随即病倒，父母双双住进了医院。太阳从西边落山，恐惧却从我的心头升起，那年我才十三岁。山村的夜色中，黑黢黢
39、的远山像一幅剪纸阴森地贴在窗户的玻璃上，偌大的屋子里，只剩下我和妹妹。山中的狼群，一声接一声凄厉地哀嗥，常常将我和妹妹从梦中惊醒。我们住在一所山村学校，叫喊声未必能让远处的人家听见。忽然，我想起了口哨母亲上体育课时用的口哨。鼓起胸腔我拼命地让全部的气流吹出尽可能最大的声响。渐渐地，我听见了家门前由远及近嘈杂的脚步声，大声说话的声音。窗外交织着手电筒的光亮。我听见了乡亲们喊我的名字。开了门，一群人扛着锄头站在我家门前他们都是周围我熟悉的乡亲。善良的黑脸，热切的目光，一群人由衷的关爱，驱散了我内心的恐惧。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(Because we lived in a village
40、school, cries for help were pretty unlikely to be heard by the villagers in the distant houses. Then I thought of the whistlethe one used by my Morn for her PE class. Breathing deeply, I mustered all my strength to blow it as loud as possible. Soon I heard noisy footsteps and loud voices from afar a
41、pproaching the door of our home. I could see criss-crossing beams from flashlights outside the window. I heard my name being called by the villagers. When I opened the door, I saw standing there were a group of familiar villagers, all with hoes on their shoulders. The very sight of their swarthy fac
42、es glowing with kindness, and their earnest eyes filled with a sincere, deep concern, drove the fear away from my heart.)解析：难点注释1叫喊声：应指呼救声，可译为 cries for help。2未必能：可译为 were pretty unlikely to。3鼓起胸腔：指深呼吸，故可译为分词短语 breathing deeply。4拼命地：可转译为动词 mustered all my strength 或 gathered all my strength。5渐渐地：译为
43、soon 或 gradually 均可。6家门前由远及近嘈杂的脚步声，大声说话的声音：指这些声音渐渐走近我家门口，可译为 noisy footsteps and loud voices from afar approaching the door of our home。7交织着手电简的光亮：可转译为名词短语 criss-crossing beams from flashlights。8开了门，一群人扛着锄头站在我家门前，他们都是周围我熟悉的乡亲：“开了门”为无主句，同样要译出主语 I，该部分可译为 when 引导的时间状语从句。9一群人扛着锄头站在我家门前，他们都是周围我熟悉的乡亲：为我看到
44、的情景，故也需增译出主谓语I saw。该部分可调整语序，译为 I saw standing there were a group of familiar villagers, all with hoes on their shoulders.10热切的目光，一群人由衷的关爱：可合译为 their earnest eyes filled with a sincere, deep concern；“驱散”可译为 drive.away；“黑脸”不宜按字面意思译为 black faces, 此处应指皮肤黝黑，故译为 swarthy faces 更地道些。4.据说，上海男人是最好的丈夫。他们总是知道该如
45、何讨妻子的欢心，从而避免了矛盾，一家人其乐融融。所以从某种程度上讲，上海男人是社会安定和谐的象征。当妻子快乐时，他也快乐，因而整个城市也充满了快乐气氛。虽然上海男人被戏谑为“妻管严”，但他并不屈从于妻子。在与妻子有争议时，他要么保持沉默要么一笑置之。有时候他会发火，但事后不久，他也会毫不迟疑地道歉。最终他妻子发现，她还是按照他的想法行事。上海男人聪明、务实，有时也相当圆滑。最令人印象深刻的是，上海男人在事业上有进取心，对家庭有很强的责任感，而且尊重女性。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(To some extent, Shanghai men can be regarded as the symbol of social security and harmony. They are joyful whenever their wives are, thus filling the whole city of shanghai with happiness. Shanghai men are jokingly
