1、专业八级翻译-练习一及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)1.朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的，容不得半点强求、干涉和控制。朋友之间，情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交；反之，则离、则绝。朋友之间再熟悉，再亲密，也不能随便过头，不恭不敬。不然，默契和平衡将被打破，友好关系将不复存在。每个人都希望拥有自己的私密空间，朋友之间过于随便，就容易侵入这片禁区，从而引起冲突，造成隔阂。待友不敬，或许只是一件小事，却可能已埋下了破坏性的种子。维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节，互不干涉。（分数：10.00）_2.我想
2、不起来哪一个熟人没有手机。今天没有手机的人是奇怪的，这种人才需要解释。我们的所有社会关系都储存在手机的电话本里，可以随时调出使用。古代只有巫师才能拥有这种法宝。手机刷新了人与人的关系。会议室门口通常贴着一盘通告：请与会者关闭手机。可是会议室里的手机铃声仍然响成一片。我们都是普通人，并没有多少重要的事情。尽管如此，我们也不会轻易关掉手机。打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。手机反映出我们的“社交饥渴症”。最为常见的是：一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信。他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。为什么对于手机来电和短信这么在乎?因为我们迫切渴望与社会保持联系。都市寸土千金，地价炒得越来越高，
3、今后将更高。拥有一个小小花园的希望，对寻常之辈不啻是一种奢望，一种梦想。（分数：10.00）_3.我想，其实谁都有一个小小花园，这便是我们的内心世界。人的智力需要开发，人的内心世界也是需要开发的。人和动物的区别，除了众所周知的诸多方面，恐怕还在于人查内心世界。心不过是人的一个重要脏器，而内心世界是一种景观，它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的健损，以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日。但并非每个人都关注自己友至亲至爱之人的内心世界的阴睛。（分数：10.00）_4.暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合在一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。也就在这一幅绚烂的图画
4、旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓鉴时间：在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧主人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。如果走近了，会发现它们那可爱的神情，洁白的牙齿，那丰富而单纯的表情。（分数：10.00）_5.中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界主与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷，基本上比西方人为少为小；因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。农业社
5、会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多；因此欲望也小得多。况中国古代素来以不滞于物，不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。并非我们没有守财奴，但比起莫里哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心家来，就小巫见大巫了。中国民族多数是性情中正和平、淡泊、朴实，比西方人容易满足。（分数：10.00）_二、SECTION B ENGLISH TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)6.I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May; that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the morning. I was standing
6、at the door of my own cottage. Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams. There were the same mountains, and the same lovely valley at their feet; but the mountains were raised to more than
7、 Alpine height, and there was interspace far larger between them of meadows and forest lawns; the hedges were rich with white roses; and no living creature was to be seen except that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves, and particularly round about the grave
8、 of a child whom I had once tenderly loved, just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child died.（分数：10.00）_7.We, the human species, are confronting a planetary emergencya threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive
9、 potential even as we gather here. But there is hopeful news as well: we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worstthough not allof its consequences, if we act boldly, decisively and quickly.However, too many of the worlds leaders are still best described in the words of Winston Churc
10、hill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitlers threat: “They go on in strange paradox, decided only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, all powerful to be impotent.“So today, we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our plan
11、et, as if it were an open sewer. And tomorrow, we will dump a slightly larger amount, with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the sun.（分数：10.00）_8.But, as has been true in many other cases, when they were at last married, the most ideal of situations was found to have
12、 been changed to the most practical. Instead of having shared their original duties, and as school-boys would say, going halves, they discovered that the cares of life had been doubled. This led to some distressing moments for both our friends; they understood suddenly that instead of dwelling in he
13、aven they were still upon earth, and had made themselves slaves to new laws and limitations. Instead of being fleer and happier than ever before, they had assumed new responsibilities; they had established a new household, and must fulfill in some way or another the obligations of it. They looked ba
14、ck with affection to their engagement; they had been longing to have each other to themselves, apart from the world, but it seemed they never felt so keenly that they were still units in modem society.（分数：10.00）_9.Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reach
15、es of the cosmos, the most basic constituents of matter, and the miracle of life.At the same time, today, the actions, and inaction, of human beings imperil not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet.Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer. Still, 9/11 and avia
16、n flu remind us that a smaller, faster world is not necessarily a safer world.Our world is bursting with knowledgebut desperately in need of wisdom. Now, when sound bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow more frenzied, college graduates capa
17、ble of deep reflection are what our world needs.For all these reasons I believedand I believe even more strongly todayin the unique and irreplaceable mission of universities.（分数：10.00）_10.On May 13, 1940, Winston Churchill, the newly appointed British Prime Minister, gave his first speech to Parliam
18、ent. He was preparing the people for a long battle against Nazi aggression, at a time when Englands survival was still in doubt.“. I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us man,/, many months of struggle and su
19、ffering.You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime.You ask, what is our aim? I can answer
20、 in one word. It is victory. Victory at all costsvictory in spite of all terrorsfor without victory there is no survival.Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages that mankind
21、 shall move forward toward his goal.I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength./（分数：10.00
22、）_专业八级翻译-练习一答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)1.朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的，容不得半点强求、干涉和控制。朋友之间，情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交；反之，则离、则绝。朋友之间再熟悉，再亲密，也不能随便过头，不恭不敬。不然，默契和平衡将被打破，友好关系将不复存在。每个人都希望拥有自己的私密空间，朋友之间过于随便，就容易侵入这片禁区，从而引起冲突，造成隔阂。待友不敬，或许只是一件小事，却可能已埋下了破坏性的种子。维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节，互不干涉。（分数：10.00）_正确答
23、案：(Keeping a friendship presupposes the mutual respect, which bears neither imposition, nor interference, nor predomination. Friends tend to become more intimated if they have the same interests and temperthey can get along well and keep contacting; otherwise they will separate and end the relations
24、hip. Friends who are more familiar and closer cannot be too casual and show no respect. Otherwise the harmony and balance will be broken, and the friendship will also be nonexistent any more. Everyone hopes to have his own private space, and if doing anything at will between friends, it is easy to i
25、nvade this piece of restricted areas, which will lead to the conflict, resulting in alienation. It may be a small matter to be rode to friends; however, it is likely to plant the seeds of devastation. The best way to keep a close relationship between friends is to keep contacts with restraint, and d
26、o not bother each other.)解析：这段材料选自刘海清编著的听南怀瑾讲述 99个人生道理中交友之道与豪猪哲学一文，属论说文。语言简洁有力，句式长短有致，表达的哲理隽永深刻。难点注释1朋友之间，情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交；反之，则离、则绝：这句话中文语言简短，但含义却很丰富。由句子理解得“朋友情趣相投、脾气对味是交、合的前提”，故译文用了条件状语从句进行翻译。“情趣相投、脾气对味”，即有相同的兴趣和脾气。故译为 same interest and temper。“则合、则交”，译文理解为“相处得好，并且友谊长存”显得更加合理。“则离、则绝”指友谊结束。故译为separate
27、 and end the relationship。2随便过头：too casual。3不恭不敬：就是指“不尊敬”，故译为 show no respect。4默契：直译为 tacit understanding，但不能说是理解被打破了。故应理解为一种默契的(和睦的)局面被打破。用了具象译法，译为 harmony。5私密空间：private space。6禁区：可译为 forbidden area或 restricted area。7隔阂：可译为 estrangement或 alienation。8埋下破坏性的种子：直译成 bury destructive seeds显得生涩难懂。可以理解为种下
28、恶果。故译为plant/sow the seeds of devastation/destruction。9往来有节，互不干涉：“节”是指“节制，限制”故译为 restraint。“互不干涉”指不打扰对方的私密空间。故译为 do not bother each other。2.我想不起来哪一个熟人没有手机。今天没有手机的人是奇怪的，这种人才需要解释。我们的所有社会关系都储存在手机的电话本里，可以随时调出使用。古代只有巫师才能拥有这种法宝。手机刷新了人与人的关系。会议室门口通常贴着一盘通告：请与会者关闭手机。可是会议室里的手机铃声仍然响成一片。我们都是普通人，并没有多少重要的事情。尽管如此，我们
29、也不会轻易关掉手机。打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。手机反映出我们的“社交饥渴症”。最为常见的是：一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信。他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。为什么对于手机来电和短信这么在乎?因为我们迫切渴望与社会保持联系。都市寸土千金，地价炒得越来越高，今后将更高。拥有一个小小花园的希望，对寻常之辈不啻是一种奢望，一种梦想。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(Cellphone has altered human relations. There is usually a note on the door of conference room, which reads
30、 “Please turn off your handset!“ However, cellphone tings are still resounding in the room. We are all common people and have few urgencies to do. Still, we are reluctant to turn off the phone. Cellphone symbolizes our connection with the world and reflects our “thirst for socialization.“ We are fam
31、iliar with the scene that a person stops his steps to edit short messages with eyes glued at his phone screen, regardless of his location, whether in the center of a road or beside a restroom.)解析：这段材料节选自一篇论说文现代人生活在机器中，描述了手机悄然改变人与人之间关系的事实。当代人在享受手机便利的同时，也遭受着自我隔离的痛苦。难点注释1刷新：可译为“改变”，即 alter。2会议室门口通常贴着一条
32、通告：将这句话补充完整为“会议室门口通常贴着一条通告，通告上写着”。“会议室门口通常贴着一条通告”用 there be句型进行翻译更加符合英语的表达习惯。我们知道贴在门上的一般都是一些小标识牌或便条，故“通告”译为 note(注意)或 notice，sign。“写着”一般都译为read或 say。3请与会者关闭手机：门上的标识通常都要求简洁明了，并且带有命令口气。故常用祈使句。handset：手机。4会议室的手机铃声仍然响成一片：“铃声”译为 ring。“响成一片”译为 resound(回响)，形象地描述了会议室中充满手机铃声这一场景。5重要的事：转译为“紧急的事”，即 urgency。6我们
33、也不会轻易关掉手机：“不轻易”不是“不容易”，而是“不到迫不得已绝不”，也就是“不情愿”，故译为 be reluctant to。7打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。手机反映出我们的“社交饥渴症”：这两句用了合句译法。将“打开手机”省去了“打开”，译为 cellphone，这样使文章意义更紧凑。8最为常见的是，一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信。他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边：这里宜采用增词译法，补充为“最为常见的场景是”。译文用一个同位语从句和连词regardless of将两个句子连接在一起。“眼睛盯着屏幕”译为 with eyes glued at his phone s
34、creen，译得非常巧妙，形象地描绘出发短信人的专注。3.我想，其实谁都有一个小小花园，这便是我们的内心世界。人的智力需要开发，人的内心世界也是需要开发的。人和动物的区别，除了众所周知的诸多方面，恐怕还在于人查内心世界。心不过是人的一个重要脏器，而内心世界是一种景观，它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的健损，以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日。但并非每个人都关注自己友至亲至爱之人的内心世界的阴睛。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(I think everyone, in effect, has a small garden of his own, nam
35、ely, his inner world. There as a need for human beings to tap into their own intelligence, so is the case with their inner world. What distinguishes between human beings and animals, apart from the various aspects which are universally known, may probably be in that human beings have an inner world.
36、 Heart is no more than an important organ whereas the inner world constitutes a landscape, which gradually takes its shape under the continuous influence from the outside world. So great importance that everyone attaches to the physical condition of his own heart or those of his closest and dearest
37、ones that merely a minor disease would enduringly weigh on his mind. But not everyone is concerned with the condition of his own inner world and that of his closest and dearest ones.)解析：本段材料节选自心灵花园，作者为梁晓声。2007 年 11月 16日发表于河北日报，中国作家网 全文转载。难点注释1这便是：也就是，亦即，可译为 namely。2内心世界：inner world 或 inward world。3人
38、的智力需要开发，人的内心世界也是需要开发的：“开发”用 exploit不恰当，它指的是开发能源。而这里指的开发智力，可理解为“挖掘”tap into，后一句的“也需要开发”若直接译成 there is also a need to tap into就显得啰嗦了，故用短语“so is the case with”(电一样)。4人和动物的区别人有内心世界：整句用了一个主语从句，用转性译法将“区别”转化为动词“把区分开”，可以译为 distinguish.from.或 distinguish between.and.，“在于”译为in that。5不过：即仅仅，只是。可用 only，但 no mor
39、e than更符合英语表达习惯。6它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的：这一句是对内心世界进行补充说明的句子，用一个定语从句来译使句子更加紧凑。“形成”译为 take shape。7每个人都无比关注，以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日：“无比关注，以至于”可以用so.that.这个句型。若按中文顺序则译为 everyone attaches so great importance to.that.，本译文中将 so great importance提前了。“无比关注”：重视，故译为 attach importance to，“心脏的健损”指的是心脏的健康状况，故泽为 me condition o
40、f heart。“微疾”指小病，故译为 minor disease。“惶惶不可终日”可以理解为整日担心，一直挂在心上，故译为enduringly weigh on ones mind。enduringly“长久地”，weigh on ones mind“挂在心上”。8但并非每个人都关注的阴晴：最后这句话的“关注内心世界”与前句话的“关注心脏健损”形成对比，故“内心世界的阴晴”译为 condition of inner world。4.暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合在一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来
41、，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓鉴时间：在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧主人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。如果走近了，会发现它们那可爱的神情，洁白的牙齿，那丰富而单纯的表情。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(Just beside this splendid picture, a herd of sheep are grazing with bent heads by the riverside. However, hardly any of them cares to look up an
42、d throw a glance at the beautiful twilight. Perhaps they are taking time by the forelock, using the last moment for another chew before going home. This is a scene taking place on the shore of the Yellow River. The shepherd, who is nowhere to be seen, is having a rest in an unknown place, leaving th
43、ese living things to enjoy this moment of dusk with full ease and freedom. Here the water grass is so fresh and tender that they feed themselves and become fat. If you approach them, you will see their cute looks, their snow-white teeth as well as their rich innocent expressions.)解析：本篇属于散文，节选自山东作家协会
44、主席张炜的散文美生灵，见 2006年读者第 13期。文笔清新。翻译时应注意还原场景描写的美感。难点注释1绚烂的图画：如果译为 beautiful picture就稍微逊色，可译为 splendid/gorgeous picture。2一群羊：a herd of sheep，herd 指牧群，不能用 group(指人群)。3觅食：由原文可知是羊觅食，就是羊吃草，译为 graze“吃草”。4几乎没有一个顾得上：可以解释为几乎没有一个关心或者在意，故可译为 hardly any of them cares to。5看一眼：理解为快速地看一眼，瞟一眼，故译为 throw a glance，以表现羊群无
45、暇顾及美景。6抓紧时间：take time by the forelock。7自由自在地享受：可以用词性转译法，将自由自在地(副词)转化为介宾短语(名词)，故译为 enjoy with full ease and freedom。8肥美：此处应指水草鲜嫩，不可逐字译为 fat and beautiful，译为 flesh and tender更好。9长得肥滚滚的：指羊以这些水草为食会长膘，可译为 they feed themselves and become fat。10丰富而单纯的表情：rich innocent expression。5.中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界主与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷，基本上比西方人为少为小；因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多；因此欲望也小得多。况中国古代素来以不滞于物，不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。并
