1、专业八级分类模拟 394 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Those of us involved in the internationalization of higher education rely on a series of assumptions that are often not supported by data or evidence. For instance, we believe that internationalization is not only positive but
2、also very relevant as a key component of the changing landscape of higher education. When asking about why internationalization is important, we are 1 prepared to recite a list of their benefits for the students, the 2 faculty, the institution, and the society in generally. Well, if we 3 don“t defen
3、d our jobs well, who will do it? We assume that internationalization is good, but we often lack any data to support our assumptions. Also, we don“t think too much about the fact that there are different rationales so as to why, how, and for which 4 purposes an institution or, for that matter, a whol
4、e region, wants to engage in an internationalization effort. At most, that“s what new 5 data from the International Association of Universities (IAU) shows. Basing on the principle that “it depends, and context matters 6 more than ever,“ it is especially interesting to take a look at the third Globa
5、l Survey Report in Internationalization of Higher 7 Education. This comprehensive survey is the largest of its kind worldwide, and includes responses from 745 institutions in 115 countries. For purpose of analysis, the results were clustered in the 8 following regions: Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe,
6、Latin America and the Caribbean, Middle East, and North America. Even though the survey is on its third edition, it still has limitations which unfortunately is acknowledged and explained in the document. 9 Nevertheless, it provides useful hints about trends in international education not only on a
7、worldwide basis but also region. 10 （分数：25.00）After the horror became public in his hometown, Sylacauga, Alabama, city council president George Carlton told a reporter, “This is not the type of place that this happens.“ A week ago, few 11 people could have pointed out Sylacauga on a map. A tiny city
8、 of 13,000, halfway between Birmingham and Montgomery, Sylacauga was known as for its white marble quarries, textile mills and ice- 12 cream factories. And last week Sylacauga became a chapter in the 13 recent history of hatred. According to police, Steven Eric Mullins, 25, and Charles Monroe Butler
9、 Jr., 21, plotted for two weeks to murder Billy Jack Gaither, 39. In Feb. 19, they arranged to meet him at a Sylacauga 14 bar and lured him to secluded area. There they beat him and 15 dump him into the trunk of his car. They then drove about 15 miles 16 to Peckerwood Creek. There, says Sheriff“s De
10、puty Al Bradley, “they took him out of the trunk, took an ax handle and beat him to death.“ They set two old tires flame, says Bradley, “then they put 17 the body on the fire.“ They did it all, the deputy says, while 18 Gaither was gay. Gaither“s death has become a rallying point for gay-rights orga
11、nizations and state legislators“ pushing a bill that would extend 19 Alabama“s three-year-old hate-crimes law beyond race, color, religion and national origin to cover crimes related to sexual orientation as well. “It“s fortunate that somebody had to lose his life 20 in order for this legislation to
12、 pick up momentum here in the state of Alabama,“ says state Representative Alvin Holmes, who failed to get the original law amended when it was passed in 1996.（分数：25.00）The most difficult texts to translate are not, however, highly literarily productions, but rather those texts which say 21 nothing,
13、 the type of language is often used by politicians and 22 delegates to international forums. In fact, a group of professional translators at the United Nations headquarters in New York City have insisted that the most difficult text to translate be one in 23 which the speaker or writer has attempted
14、 to say nothing. The next most difficult type of text is one filled with irony or sarcasm, since in a written text the paralinguistics clues to the 24 meaning are usually much more difficult to detect like when 25 someone is speaking. And perhaps the third most difficult type of text is a book or ar
15、ticle on translating in which the illustrated 26 examples rarely match. In fact, a book on translating almost always requires extensive adaptation. One of the most surprising paradoxes of translating is that it 27 is never a completely perfect and timeless translation. Both 28 language and culture a
16、re always in the process of change. Furthermore, language is an open system with overlapping meanings and fuzzier boundariesthe bane of logicians but the 29 delight of poets. The indeterminacy of language is part of the price that must be paid for creativity and for the new insight 30 which come thr
17、ough symbolic reinterpretation of human experience.（分数：25.00）Cultures are different because the locations they exist in are different. Some people living in the desert, are going to live differently from people live in a jungle. So when they have to decide 31 why the sky is blue, if you“re living in
18、 the jungle and there are loads of blue flowers, you might say it“s because there are loads of these blue flowers up here. If you live in the desert you might have 32 ever seen a blue flower so you say it“s because there“s water up 33 there. So people come out with this different stuff, and then the
19、y 34 elaborate on it, and change it around. Then their kids move to different places and it gets all mix up, and the stories change, and 35 people invent science and that changes everything tooalthough the 36 beginnings are still there. Everyone knows now that the sky“s blue because light wavelength
20、 absorption differences, but you still have 37 people who grew up one way saying “My grandmother told me a story about blue flowers in the sky“ and the other people say “my 38 grandmother told me a story about seas of water in the sky“, and that“s a different culture. In the Mediterranean they never
21、 saw corn unless they sent 39 people exploring to the Americas; and in the Americas they“d never seen olives until the guys from the Mediterranean brought some up. 40 The people in the Americas have made a lot of corn cakes and corn bread and stuff, and that was part of their culture; and the guys f
22、rom the Mediterranean made a lot of olive stuff, oil and foods, and that was part of their culture.（分数：25.00）专业八级分类模拟 394 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Those of us involved in the internationalization of higher education rely on a series of assumptions that are often not
23、 supported by data or evidence. For instance, we believe that internationalization is not only positive but also very relevant as a key component of the changing landscape of higher education. When asking about why internationalization is important, we are 1 prepared to recite a list of their benefi
24、ts for the students, the 2 faculty, the institution, and the society in generally. Well, if we 3 don“t defend our jobs well, who will do it? We assume that internationalization is good, but we often lack any data to support our assumptions. Also, we don“t think too much about the fact that there are
25、 different rationales so as to why, how, and for which 4 purposes an institution or, for that matter, a whole region, wants to engage in an internationalization effort. At most, that“s what new 5 data from the International Association of Universities (IAU) shows. Basing on the principle that “it de
26、pends, and context matters 6 more than ever,“ it is especially interesting to take a look at the third Global Survey Report in Internationalization of Higher 7 Education. This comprehensive survey is the largest of its kind worldwide, and includes responses from 745 institutions in 115 countries. Fo
27、r purpose of analysis, the results were clustered in the 8 following regions: Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, Middle East, and North America. Even though the survey is on its third edition, it still has limitations which unfortunately is acknowledged and explained in t
28、he document. 9 Nevertheless, it provides useful hints about trends in international education not only on a worldwide basis but also region. 10 （分数：25.00）解析：askingasked解析 非谓语动词误用。when 引导的时间状语从句中，当从句的主语和主句主语一致时，从句主语和系动词可一起省略。根据后文 we are prepared to recite 可知从句主语为 we，而we 与 ask 之间是动宾关系，故将 asking 改为 ask
29、ed 表被动。解析：theirits解析 代词误用。该处物主代词指代的是前文中出现的名词 internationalization，为不可数名词，故应使用 its。解析：generallygeneral解析 固定搭配错误。in general 为固定搭配，意思是“总之，通常”，故将 generally 改为 general。解析：so so 解析 副词冗余。so as to 的意思是“以便，以致”，后面跟动词原形，而此处 to 后面跟的是从句，结合上下文可知，该处表示的意思是“关于”，应使用 as to“关于，就而论”，故将 so 去掉。解析：mostleast解析 语义错误。at most
30、意为“至多，最多”，而该处意为“至少那是国际大学协会(IAU)提供的新数据。”故将 most 改为 least。解析：BasingBased解析 非谓语动词误用。当分词作状语时，要判断应使用过去分词还是现在分词，关键是看动词和其逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动。在此句中，base 与主语 it 之间为动宾关系，应使用过去分词形式，故将 Basing 改为 Based。解析：inon解析 介词误用。report 通常和 on 连用，表示“关于的报告”，故将 in 改为 on。解析：purposethe解析 冠词缺失。for the purpose of 为固定表达，意为“为了目的”，purpose
31、前面应该加定冠词 the 表示特指。解析：unfortunatelyfortunately解析 语义错误。由 limitations.is acknowledged and explained in the document 可知，文献中承认并解释了调查的局限性，这应该是一件值得庆幸的事，故将 unfortunately 改为 fortunately。解析：regionby解析 介词缺失。not only.but also.连接的成分在结构上应该保持一致。not only 后面跟的是介词短语 on a worldwide basis，所以 but also 后也应该使用介词短语，故在 regi
32、on前加 by，by region 表示“按地区”。After the horror became public in his hometown, Sylacauga, Alabama, city council president George Carlton told a reporter, “This is not the type of place that this happens.“ A week ago, few 11 people could have pointed out Sylacauga on a map. A tiny city of 13,000, halfway
33、between Birmingham and Montgomery, Sylacauga was known as for its white marble quarries, textile mills and ice- 12 cream factories. And last week Sylacauga became a chapter in the 13 recent history of hatred. According to police, Steven Eric Mullins, 25, and Charles Monroe Butler Jr., 21, plotted fo
34、r two weeks to murder Billy Jack Gaither, 39. In Feb. 19, they arranged to meet him at a Sylacauga 14 bar and lured him to secluded area. There they beat him and 15 dump him into the trunk of his car. They then drove about 15 miles 16 to Peckerwood Creek. There, says Sheriff“s Deputy Al Bradley, “th
35、ey took him out of the trunk, took an ax handle and beat him to death.“ They set two old tires flame, says Bradley, “then they put 17 the body on the fire.“ They did it all, the deputy says, while 18 Gaither was gay. Gaither“s death has become a rallying point for gay-rights organizations and state
36、legislators“ pushing a bill that would extend 19 Alabama“s three-year-old hate-crimes law beyond race, color, religion and national origin to cover crimes related to sexual orientation as well. “It“s fortunate that somebody had to lose his life 20 in order for this legislation to pick up momentum he
37、re in the state of Alabama,“ says state Representative Alvin Holmes, who failed to get the original law amended when it was passed in 1996.（分数：25.00）解析：thatwhere解析 定语从句的关系副词错误。这里的定语从句修饰 place，先行词在从句中充当地点状语，因此应该使用关系副词 where。解析：as as 解析 固定搭配错误。be known as 表示“作为而出名”，而 be known for 表示“因而出名”，本句是说“锡拉科加是一座
38、拥有 13000 人口的小镇，以大理石采石场、纺织厂和冰淇淋厂而著名”。因此应该使用 for。没有 be known as for 的搭配。解析：AndBut解析 连词误用。前面说“很少有人知道这个小镇，这个小镇以大理石采石场、纺织厂和冰淇淋厂而著名”。后面说“上周这个小镇一下子成为近代仇恨史上的一章”。可见上下文存在明显的转折关系，因此把 And 改为 But。解析：InOn解析 介词误用。表示在具体某一天的时候，要使用介词 on，非具体某一天的时候用 in。解析：secludeda解析 冠词缺失。area 在此是可数名词，不定冠词 a 不能省略。解析：dumpdumped解析 时态错误。d
39、ump 应该和 beat 并列，beat 在这里是过去时，beat 的过去式和原形一致，因此 dump 应该改为 dumped。解析：flameaflame解析 词性混用。flame 是名词，表示“火焰，火”，而此处 set sth. flame 显然是不正确的，可以使用形容词 aflame，表示“燃烧的”，set sth. aflame 表示“燃烧某物”。解析：whilebecause解析 连词误用。本句的主句说“他们做这一切”，从句是说“盖瑟是个同性恋”。可见从句是解释主句中他们把盖瑟杀害的原因，所以应该改为 because。解析：organizationsorganizations“解析
40、 名词所有格错误。此处 organizations 与 state legislators“并列，应该同为所有格。本句意思是“盖瑟的死成了争取同性恋权利组织和州立法委员强烈要求通过一项议案的导火线。”解析：fortunateunfortunate解析 语义错误。这句话的意思是“州议员阿尔文福尔摩斯认为非得用某人的死来使这项法律在阿拉巴马州得以通过的动力实在是件令人遗憾的事。”所以应该使用unfortunate。The most difficult texts to translate are not, however, highly literarily productions, but ra
41、ther those texts which say 21 nothing, the type of language is often used by politicians and 22 delegates to international forums. In fact, a group of professional translators at the United Nations headquarters in New York City have insisted that the most difficult text to translate be one in 23 whi
42、ch the speaker or writer has attempted to say nothing. The next most difficult type of text is one filled with irony or sarcasm, since in a written text the paralinguistics clues to the 24 meaning are usually much more difficult to detect like when 25 someone is speaking. And perhaps the third most
43、difficult type of text is a book or article on translating in which the illustrated 26 examples rarely match. In fact, a book on translating almost always requires extensive adaptation. One of the most surprising paradoxes of translating is that it 27 is never a completely perfect and timeless trans
44、lation. Both 28 language and culture are always in the process of change. Furthermore, language is an open system with overlapping meanings and fuzzier boundariesthe bane of logicians but the 29 delight of poets. The indeterminacy of language is part of the price that must be paid for creativity and
45、 for the new insight 30 which come through symbolic reinterpretation of human experience.（分数：25.00）解析：literarilyliterary，此处为形容词，前者为副词。解析：is 删去，或在 is 前添加 that，此处为前文的同位语 the type of language 的定语从句。如不加修改，该句即为完整单句，前句应为句号，且首字母大写。解析：beis，此处 insist 意为“坚持认为”而非“要求”，所以不应做虚拟语气。解析：paralinguisticsparalinguistic，
46、此处需用形容词，前者为名词。解析：likethan，此处用比较级。解析：illustratedillustrative，illustrative example 是常见搭配，意为“说明性的例子”，illustrated 用作表语通常表示“带插图的”。解析：itthere，it 前无指代。此处意为“有”，是 there be 句型。解析：andor，前有否定意义的 never，后应用 or。解析：fuzzierfuzzy，此处无比较。解析：insightinsights，变为复数，与后面的定语从句保持一致。Cultures are different because the locations
47、they exist in are different. Some people living in the desert, are going to live differently from people live in a jungle. So when they have to decide 31 why the sky is blue, if you“re living in the jungle and there are loads of blue flowers, you might say it“s because there are loads of these blue
48、flowers up here. If you live in the desert you might have 32 ever seen a blue flower so you say it“s because there“s water up 33 there. So people come out with this different stuff, and then they 34 elaborate on it, and change it around. Then their kids move to different places and it gets all mix u
49、p, and the stories change, and 35 people invent science and that changes everything tooalthough the 36 beginnings are still there. Everyone knows now that the sky“s blue because light wavelength absorption differences, but you still have 37 people who grew up one way saying “My grandmother told me a story about blue flowers in the sky“ and the other people say “my 38 grandmother told me a story about seas of water in the sky“, and that“s a different culture. In the Mediterranean they never saw corn unless
