1、专业八级分类模拟 330 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、WRITING(总题数：6，分数：100.00)1.题目要求：How to solve the brain drain problem existing in universities in China has been a hot topic as our economy develops steadily. The following excerpt offers some opinions on this issue. Read the excerpt carefully and write your r
2、esponse in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the author“s opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Every countr
3、y sends out students. What makes China different is that most of these bright minds have stayed away. Only a third have come back, according to the Ministry of Education; fewer by some counts. A study this year by a scholar at America“s Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education found that 85% of
4、 those who gained their doctorate in America in 2006 were still there in 2011. To lure experts to Chinese universities, the government has launched a series of schemes since the mid-1990s. These have offered some combination of a one-off bonus of up to lm yuan ($160,000), promotion, an assured salar
5、y and a housing allowance or even a free apartment. Some of the best universities have built homes for academics to rent or buy at a discount. All are promised top-notch facilities. Many campuses, which were once spartan, now have swanky buildings. The programmes have also targeted non-Chinese. A “f
6、oreign expert thousand-talent scheme“, launched in 2011, has enticed around 200 people. Spending on universities has shot up, too: six fold in 2001-2011. The results have been striking. In 2005-2012 published research articles from higher-education institutions rose by 54%; patents granted went up e
7、ightfold. But most universities still have far to go. Only two Chinese institutions number in the top 100 in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings. Shanghai Jiao Tong University includes only 32 institutions from mainland China among the world“s 500 best. The government frets about th
8、e failure of a Chinese scholar ever to win a Nobel Prize in science. Pulling some star scholars back from abroad will not be enough to turn China into an academic giant. Many of those who return do so on a part-time basis. According to David Zweig of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technolog
9、y, nearly 75% of Chinese nationals who were lured by a “thousand-talent programme“ launched in 2008 did not give up tenure elsewhere. Such schemes have often bought reputation rather than better research. They typically target full professors whose more productive, innovative years may already be be
10、hind them. (They also favour experts in science, technology and management.) Chinese universities have great difficulty fostering talent at home. The premium on foreign experience in China has created perverse incentives, says Cao Cong of Nottingham University in Britain. It sends the message to tod
11、ay“s best and brightest students that they should still spend their most productive years abroad. More than 300,000 students leave each year. Today the signs are more encouraging. Some universities are changing the way they recruit and hence finding it easier to attract staff from abroad. At Peking
12、University departments now hire and promote using international evaluation methods. They advertise jobs and academics apply for promotion and are rewarded according to their achievements. （分数：16.50）_2.题目要求：The social development is asking more from both parents who have to take full-time jobs. This
13、brings us the issue of “Latchkey Children“. The following is an excerpt about this phenomenon. Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the excerpt; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content suff
14、iciency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Latchkey ChildrenKnock, Knock, Is Anybody Home?In the United States the cost of living has been steadily rising for the past few decades. Partly because of financial need, and partly b
15、ecause of career choices for personal fulfillment, mothers have been leaving the traditional role of full-time homemaker. Increasingly they have been taking salaried jobs outside of the home. Making such a significant role change affects the entire family, especially the children. Some consequences
16、are obvious. For example, dinnertime is at a later hour. The emotional impact, on the other hand, can be more subtle. Mothers leave home in the morning, feeling guilty because they will not be home when their children return from school. They suppress their guilt since they believe that their workin
17、g will benefit everyone in the long run. The income will enable the family to save for college tuition, take an extended vacation, buy a new car, and so on. The emotional impact on the children can be significant. It is quite common for children to feel hurt and resentful. After all, they are alone
18、several hours, and they feel that their mothers should “be there“ for them. They might need assistance with their homework or want to share the day“s activities. All too often, however, the mothers arrive home exhausted and face the immediate task of preparing dinner. Their priority is making the ev
19、ening meal for the family, not engaging in relaxed conversation. Latchkey children range in age from six to thirteen. On a daily basis they return from school and unlock the door to their home with the key hanging around their necks. They are now on their own, alone, in quiet, empty rooms. For some
20、youngsters, it is a productive period of private time, while for others it is a frightening, lonely void. For reasons of safety, many parents forbid their children to go out to play or to have visitors at home. The youngsters, therefore, feel isolated. Latchkey children who were interviewed reported
21、 diverse reactions. Some latchkey children said being on their own for a few hours each day fostered a sense of independence and responsibility. They felt loved and trusted, and this feeling encouraged them to be self-confident. Some children stated that they used their unsupervised free time to per
22、fect their athletic skills, such as playing basketball. Others read books or practiced musical instrument. These children looked upon their free time after school as an opportunity for personal development. It led to positive, productive, and valuable experiences. Conversely, many latchkey children
23、expressed much bitterness, resentment, and anger for being made to live in this fashion. Many claimed that too much responsibility was placed on them at an early age; it was an overwhelming burden. They were little people who really wanted to be protected, encouraged, and cared for through attention
24、 from their mothers. Coming home to an empty house, they were disappointed, lonely, and often frightened. They felt abandoned by their mothers. Many children turned on the television for the whole afternoon day after day, in order to diminish feelings of isolation; furthermore, the voices were comfo
25、rting. Frequently, they would doze off. Because of either economic necessity or strong determination for personal fulfillment, or both, the phenomenon of latchkey children is widespread in our society. Whatever the reason, it is a compelling situation with which families must cope. The question to a
26、sk is not whether or not mothers should work full-time. Given the reality of the situation, the question to ask is : how can an optimum plan be worked out to deal effectively with the situation? （分数：16.50）_3.题目要求：NEET problem is rampant all over the world as economic development slows down nowadays.
27、 How to solve this problem has become a hot issue for public debate. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions about NEET; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, orga
28、nization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. A report indicating that one in eleven college graduates have been jobless for a year has raised public concern and caused heated discussions among the country“s Internet community. The educationis
29、t In a blog, Xiong Bingqi, vice-president of the 21st Century Education Research Center, quoted a “2012 Graduate Employment Report“, which showed that 570,000 of 6.8 million college graduates in 2011 remained jobless one year after graduation. Among them, more than 100,000 neither go to school or wo
30、rk nor receive vocational skills and rely on support from their parents. This is known as the NEET (Not in Education, Employment or Training) group. Xiong blamed university education for not preparing students for China“s fast-developing society and high demanding employers. The lack of career plann
31、ing and aimless job searching are two reasons why so many college graduates cannot get work, with many more developing a job-hopping habit, he said. Netizens Jack, head of an advertising agency: Companies want to hire a person who can get the job done on the first day of work, but few graduates can.
32、 I was tired of listening to job applicants on how they obtained their first-class scholarships and successfully led the student union for four years, only to find out they do not know how to send a fax. Jingjin: College graduates may know theories from books, but they don“t know how to put them int
33、o everyday work. Zhang Chunxia, who works for the career center of Beijing Foreign Studies University: The facility has introduced courses on career planning and development. It has also invited alumni with established careers to deliver speeches to prepare students. I find those who work as univers
34、ity counselors and volunteer teachers, or start their own businesses are more confident than their peers as they know where their strengths lie. Wu Ying, a graduate of Beijing Foreign Studies University, returned school this September to pursue a master“s degree after being NEET for one year: It“s a
35、 vicious circle. You cannot find a job so you go back to school. Then you know less about the job market and still can“t get a job when you graduate for the second time. Li Ming: Many college graduates who grew up in the 1980s have a narrower definition of a “good job“ than the older generation. Man
36、y would rather stay at home jobless if they failed to get a stable or high-paid job. Xiangzuounique: If young people only consider government jobs as secure and decent, they lose an opportunity to enjoy life. Zhong Shan, a graduate from Fudan University: I“m opting for a gap year after graduation as
37、 a buffer to job-hunting. I went to Sichuan Province in western China to teach rural children. It enriches my experience, but the reality is that I still have to face the fierce competition in the labor market in the near future. （分数：16.50）_4.题目要求：Debate about the policy to raise the retirement age
38、of Chinese workers has been raging in China for the past few years. The compulsory retirement age in China is now 60 for male, 55 for female white-collar workers and 50 for female manual laborers. The following excerpts offer opinions from different channels about this issue. Read the excerpts caref
39、ully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions from every side; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a
40、 loss of marks. The media Beijing Times: Even if authorities bind older people to their positions by raising the retirement age, these workers might not contribute much to overall productivity; worse still, there might not be sufficient jobs for young people who enter the job market because older pe
41、ople are still working. That“s a possible negative result of delaying the retirement age, and policymakers need to be alert to it. Beijing Youth Daily: The ministry said Chinese workers retire at a quite early age. What they haven“t told us is Chinese people“s average life expectancy is low compared
42、 with developed countries, too. Japanese males retire five years later than Chinese males but they live about eight years longer. Therefore it is not fair for Chinese workers to retire at the same age as their counterparts in developed economies. The general public Satsu from Japan: In Japan people
43、who officially retire at the age of 60 can still work for several years (until 65) for half or less of their last salary because the retirement allowance is not enough for a decent life after work. The official state pension sets in at the age of 65 (probably soon 67) only. Eudaimonia from Greece: I
44、 think that it should be relevant to the type of work that the person is doing and the average life expectancy in the country. What this means? This means that, for example: If somebody works in very poor working conditions, he should get early retirement. There“s absolutely no reason for women to r
45、etire earlier than men; if anything, it should be the other way around since women live longer. Tigerfish from the UK: We“ve done it in the UK too, but the problem is that we still have a huge youth unemployment problem. Employers are not taking on the new graduates and school leavers, so they just
46、hang around streets and cause problems and manual workers are just not fit enough to keep going, and end up needing more medical help. Vivian from China: The retirement age should be left as it is. If people want to retire earlier they should be encouraged to do so. The whole idea is to give the you
47、ng people a chance to fill these positions and get a start in life. Icwu from France: Delaying the retirement age to 65 for men and 60 for women makes sense. However, it“s even better if it“s coupled with delaying job entry for youths by 1-2 years by introducing military training or community servic
48、e (like the peace corps practice in the US in the past) or non-paid apprentice training (like that practiced in Germany) for our youths. These options will not only benefit our youths but also solve many employment problems as a result of delayed retirement. Laowai2 from the US: The same thing is ha
49、ppening in most countries with a welfare system. People are living longer, so they require pensions for more years. In China“s case, women are probably receiving pensions for over 20 years. Although people pay into a pension fund, this does not cover their future pensions. Pensions are financed out of current taxation, so it is
