1、专业八级-1068 及答案解析(总分：101.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Effective Lecture StrategiesLecturalgia: painful lecture; cause of morbidity for both teachers and learnersLectures: promote student learning when used correctly. Remember the Attention Span of Student
2、sA. Students attentionthe beginning of the lecture to ten minutes: increasestenth to fifteenth minutes: (1) (1)_during lectures: (2) (2)_B. Prompts to reawaken your attentiveness1. Organizational prompts: (3) main points (3)_pausing for questions or discussionsoutlining key points via the white boar
3、d or PowerPoint2. (4) : using appropriate humor, anecdotes, stories and factoids to flesh out concepts. (4)_. Incorporate (5) to Reinforce Key Concepts (5)_A. Reasons: Students do not learn much when learning (6) . (6)_B. Ways to do it:group workone-minute papersthink-pair-share activitiesdiscussion
4、s. Segment the Lecture into Smaller BlocksA. Meaning: try dividing your class time into several mini-lectures that are interspersed with discussions, worksheets, group activities, etc.B. Benefits: (7) (7)_engages students and increases learning. Make Course Material RelevantA. Meaning: communicate t
5、eaching material in a waythat students can relate to (8) (8)_B. Hodgsons Example:Extract from the lecture notes: clear and vividWhat the lecturer actually said: trying to (9) what happens (9)_Students recall: thinking what happens while listeningC. Ways to arouse students interest: (10) (10)_the med
6、ium of a vivid example or illustration（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).According to Samantha Heller, people tend to eat milk chocolate becauseA. it is less bitter than dark chocolate.B. it is more healthy than dark chocolat
7、e.C. it has special flavor with many nutrients.D. it is less expensive than dark chocolate.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Samantha Heller suggests that to get benefits from chocolate, you mayA. take nutrients out of chocolate.B. make cocoa powder on your own.C. make hot chocolate by yourself.D. consult an exp
8、ert on chocolate.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the interview, chemicals contained in green tea actually helpA. refresh ones memory. B. combat some diseases.C. revive ones spirits. D. improve ones physique.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Ginger can be used to deal with all of the following diseases or sympt
9、oms EXCEPTA. arthritis. B. morning sickness.C. nausea. D. flu.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to Samantha Heller, people should eat a product from other animalsA. every two days. B. every other day.C. together with fruits, D. in small amounts.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)(1).The price d
10、rop of crude oil is beneficial in that itA. helps to revitalize the world economy.B. promotes oil export to other nations.C. helps to push up the regional economy.D. provides an opportunity to the oil exporters.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).From the news, we can infer that those economic managers in Washingt
11、on _the recent state of crude markets.A. are pessimistic about B. are indifferent toC. have underestimated D. are in favor of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.1.According to the news, what may be significance of the discovery?A. The discovery may determine the way some information travels inside the body.B. The disc
12、overy may prove useful in strengthening the teaching in Medical Schools.C. The discovery may help find treatments for serious conditions and diseases.D. The discovery may win a large amount of funds for the development of the two Medical Schools.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).The year 2007 will be named asA.
13、the Year of Russia in China. B. the Year of Trade in China.C. the Year of Trade in Russia. D. the Year of China in Russia.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The summit between Putin and Hu willA. lead to breakthroughs in bilateral cooperation.B. help to forge a new bilateral relationship.C. focus on bilateral coo
14、peration in education.D. last for five days.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：2，分数：8.00)1 Some consumer researchers distinguish between so-called rational motives and emotional (or non-rational) motives. In a marketing context, the term rationality implies that the con
15、sumer selects goals based on totally objective criteria, such as size, weight, price, or miles per gallon. Emotional motives imply the selection of goals according to personal or subjective criteria (the desire for individuality, pride, fear, affection and status).2 The assumption underlying this di
16、stinction is that subjective or emotional criteria do not maximize utility or satisfaction. However, it is reasonable to assume that consumers always attempt to select alternatives that, in their view, are to maximize satisfaction. Obviously, the assessment of satisfaction is a very personal process
17、, based upon the individuals own need structure as well as on past behavioral, social, and learning experiences. What may appear as irrational to an outside observer may be perfectly rational within the context of the consumers own psychological field. For example, a product purchased to enhance one
18、s self-image (such as a fragrance) is a perfectly rational form of consumer behavior. If the behavior did not appear rational to the person who undertakes it at the time that it is undertaken, obviously he or she would not do it. Therefore the distinction between rational and emotional motives does
19、not appear to be warranted.3 Indeed, some researchers go so far as to suggest that emphasis on “needs“ obscures the rational, or conscious, nature of most consumer motivation. They claim that consumers act consciously to maximize their gains and minimize their losses; that they act not from subconsc
20、ious drives but from rational preferences, or what they perceive to be in their own best interests.4 Marketers who agree with this view are reluctant to spend either time or money to uncover subconscious buyer motives. Instead, they try to identify problems that consumers experience with products th
21、en on the market. For example, instead of trying to identify any special needs that consumers may have for dog food, the marketer will try to discover any problems that consumers are experiencing with existing brands of dog food. If the marketer discovers that many dog foods leave an unpleasant odor
22、 in the refrigerator, he or she can develop a new product that solves this consumer problem and then run advertisements that announce to dog owners that the new product does not impart unpleasant odors. Thus, rather than address consumers expressed needs, such marketers attempt to discover and solve
23、 consumers problems and thereby achieve market success.（分数：3.00）(1).According to the classification of consumer motives, _ should belong to the category of emotional motives.A. color B. durability C. fashion D. service（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Clearly, the author of this passage is _ the distinction betw
24、een rational and emotional motives.A. in favor of B. opposed to C. uncertain about D. interested in（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author seems to suggest getting to know _ is critical to market success.A. consumers problems B. consumers motivesC. consumers experience D. consumers needs（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Up
25、goes gold, down goes the dollar. Most economists hate gold. Not, you understand, that they would turn up their noses at a bar or two. But they find the reverence in which many hold the metal almost irrational, That it was used as money for millennia is irrelevant: it isnt any more. Modern money take
26、s the form of paper or, more often, electronic data. To economists, gold is now just another commodity.So why is its price soaring? Over the pest week, this has topped $ 450 a troy ounce, up by 9% since the beginning of the year and 77% since April 2001. Ah, comes the reply, gold transactions are de
27、nominated in dollars, and the rise in the price simply reflects the dollars fall in terms of other currencies, especially the euro, against which it hit a new low this week. Expressed in euros, the gold price has moved much less. How- ever, there is no iron link, us it were, between the value of the
28、 dollar and the value of gold. A rising price of gold, like that of anything else, can reflect an increase in demand as well as a depreciation of its unit of account.This is where gold bulls come in. The fall in the dollar is important, but mainly because as a store of value the dollar stinks. With
29、a few longish rallies, the greenback has been on a downward trend since it came off the gold standard in 1971. Now it is suffering one of its sharper declines. At the margin, extra demand has come from those who think dollars-indeed any money backed by nothing more than promises to keep inflation lo
30、w-a decidedly risky investment, mainly because America, with the worlds reserve currency, has been able to create and borrow so many of them. The least painful way of repaying those dollars is to make them worth less.The striking exception to this extra demand comes from central banks, which would l
31、ike to sell some of the gold they already have. As a legacy of the days when their currencies were backed by the metal, central banks still hold one-fifth of the worlds gold. Last month the Bank of France said it would sell 500 tonnes in coming years. But big sales by central banks can cause the pri
32、ce to plunge-as when the Bank of England sold 395 tonnes between 1999 and 2002. The result was an agreement between central banks to co-ordinate and limit future sales.If the price of gold marches higher, this agreement will presumably be ripped up, although a dollar crisis might make central banks
33、think twice about switching into paper money. Will the overhang of central-bank gold drag the price down again? Not necessarily. As James Grant, gold bug and publisher of Grants Interest Rate Observer, a newsletter, points out, in recent years the huge glut of government debt has not stopped a sharp
34、 rise in its price.（分数：5.00）(1).In economists eyes, gold is something _.A. they look down upon B. that can be exchanged in the marketC. worth peoples reverence D. that should be replaced by other forms of money（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the author, one of the reasons for the rising of gold pr
35、ice is _.A. the increasing demand for gold B. the depreciation of the euroC. the link between the dollar and gold D. the Increment of the value of the dollar（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).We can infer from the third paragraph that _.A. the decline of the dollar is inevitableB. America benefits from the deprec
36、iation of the dollarC. the depreciation of the dollar is good news to other currenciesD. investment in the dollar yields more returns than that in gold（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The phrase “ripped up“ (Line 1, Paragraph 5) most probably means _.A. strengthened B. broadened C. renegotiated D. torn up（分数：1.
37、00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, the rise of gold price _.A. will not last long B. will attract some central banks to sell goldC. will impel central banks to switch into paper money D. will lead to a dollar crisis（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Tile question of whether war is inevita
38、ble is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, de fined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among
39、 social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in
40、the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of
41、limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fitt
42、est survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occ
43、upancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the com petition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is t
44、he competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and pros per; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may ind
45、uce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.（分数：4.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to_.A. argue for the similar
46、ities between animal societies and human societiesB. smooth out the conflicts in human societiesC. distinguish between two kinds of oppositionD. summarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that_
47、.A. it results in war in most casesB. it induces efforts to expand territoryC. it is a kind of opposition among social entitiesD. it is essentially a struggle for existence（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author indicates in the passage that conflict _A. is an inevitable struggle resulting from competitionB
48、. reflects the struggle among social animalsC. is an opposition among individual social entitiesD. can be avoided（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The passage is probably intended to answer the questionA. Is war inevitable?B. Why is there conflict and competition?C. Is conflict desirable?D. Can competition lead to conflict?（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Anyone coming within 50 kilometers of these two nations-which, at their closest point, is all the ocean that separates them-can sense the social ripples, and the inevitable loss of face, that defeat in this bidding
