1、专业八级-595 及答案解析(总分：78.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Sitcoms as a Tool for ELTEnglish teachers have been using videos in the classroom for decades and now sitcoms emerge in classrooms for the following reasons: 1. Suitable 1 effect: keeping students focuse
2、d 2. Repetitive characters with their 2 effect: making students more 3 3. Authentic English “Sit“ often refers to 4 that are real to students. In contrast, traditional English teaching videos often involve 5 in implausible situations. 4. 6 element focus: 7 communication effect: improving understandi
3、ng of the words spoken and underlying 8 5. Fun effect: creating a 9 and impressive learning experience 6. 10 references focus: regional differences, class systems, 11 effect: bringing in brand-new experience with the country and the culture 7. Varieties of English effect: there is 12 version of the
4、language. 8. Comparisons between British culture and students“ 13 culture focus: 14 effect: English is not a language 15 any more. （分数：15.00）填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)（分数：5.00）A.He is a physician.B.He is a psychologist.C.He is a Ph.D.D.He is an editor for a fashion magazine.A.Because a recen
5、t survey shows that many people are extremely stressful.B.Because this is the time people get great pressure from different areas.C.Because it is demanded by the program“s sponsors.D.Because people are overloaded by the shopping season.A.Because women still bear the burden for the holidays.B.Because
6、 women are feeling a lot of pressure with family obligation.C.Because women are going to meet many unfamiliar relatives.D.Because women will spare no effort to meet their children“s expectation.A.Women should be careful with the details of holidays.B.Women should do better than their mothers on holi
7、days.C.Women assume a lot of expectation from others.D.Women often spoil their spouses and children.A.To find out where the expectation is from.B.To find out mothers“ and grandmothers“ accounts of the past.C.To find out how to get rid of guilt and prioritize one“s own need.D.To investigate a cold ca
8、se on an airplane.（分数：5.00）A.Saving it.B.Spending it.C.Using credit cards.D.Making a plan.A.Choosing simple things.B.Avoiding online shopping.C.Shopping online.D.Getting free gifts.A.Because people are social animals.B.Because people love to be part of the holidays.C.Because people like to be needed
9、.D.Because it is too heavy to be borne by one person.A.Giving oneself a little time and going to parties.B.Eating right.C.Getting enough rest.D.Listening to one“s own body and focusing on oneself.A.Parties.B.Family gathering.C.Some time alone.D.Food.四、PART READING COMPR(总题数：1，分数：22.00)PASSAGE ONE Of
10、 the French writers of romance of the latter part of the nineteenth century no one made a reputation as quickly as did Guy de Maupassant. Not one has preserved that reputation with more ease, not only during life, but in death. None so completely hides his personality in his glory. In an epoch of th
11、e utmost publicity, in which the most insignificant deeds of a celebrated man are spied, recorded, and commented on, the author of “Boule de Suif“, of Pierre et Jean, of Notre Coeur, found a way of effacing his personality in his work. Of De Maupassant we know that he was born in Normandy; that he w
12、as the favorite pupil, if one may so express it, the literary protege, of Gustave Flaubert; that he made his debut with a novel inserted in a small collection, published by Emile Zola and his young friends, under the title: “The Soirees of Medan“; that subsequently he did not fail to publish stories
13、 and romances every year up to 1891; and that he finally died in 1893 without having recovered his reason. We know, too, that he passionately loved a strenuous physical life and long journeys, particularly long journeys upon the sea. He owned a little sailing yacht, named after one of his books, Bel
14、-Ami, in which he used to sojourn for weeks and months. These meager details are almost the only ones that have been gathered as food for the curiosity of the public. I leave the legendary side, which is always in evidence in the case of a celebrated manthat gossip, for example, which avers that Mau
15、passant was a high liver and a worldling. The very number of his volumes is a protest to the contrary. One could not write so large a number of pages in so small a number of years without the virtue of industry, a virtue incompatible with habits of dissipation. This does not mean that the writer of
16、these great romances had no love for pleasure and had not tasted the world, but that for him these were secondary things. The psychology of his work ought, then, to find an interpretation other than that afforded by wholly false or exaggerated anecdotes. And first, what does that anxiety to conceal
17、his personality prove, carried as it was to such an extreme degree? The answer rises spontaneously in the minds of those who have studied closely the history of literature. The absolute silence about himself, preserved by one whose position among us was that of a Tourgenief, or of a Merimee, and of
18、a Moliere or a Shakespeare among the classic great, reveals, to a person of instinct, a nervous sensibility of extreme depth. There are many chances for an artist of his kind, however timid, or for one who has some grief, to show the depth of his emotion. To take up again only two of the names just
19、cited, this was the case with the author of Terres Vierges, and with the writer of Colomba. A somewhat minute analysis of the novels and romances of Maupassant would suffice to demonstrate, even if we did not know the nature of the incidents which prompted them, that he also suffered from an excess
20、of nervous emotionalism. His imagination aims to represent the human being as imprisoned in a situation at once insupportable and inevitable. The spell of this grief and trouble exerts such a power upon the writer that he ends stories commenced in pleasantry with some sinister drama. This is the lea
21、ding trait in the literary physiognomy of Maupassant, as it is the leading and most profound trait in the psychology of his work, viz, that human life is a snare laid by nature, where joy is always changed to misery, where noble words and the highest professions of faith serve the lowest plans and t
22、he most cruel egoism, where chagrin, crime, and folly are forever on hand to pursue implacably our hopes, nullify our virtues, and annihilate our wisdom. Maupassant has been called a literary nihilistbut in him nihilism finds itself coexistent with an animal energy so fresh and .so intense that for
23、a long time it deceives the closest observer. In an eloquent discourse, pronounced over his premature grave, Emile Zola well defined this illusion: “We congratulated him,“ said he, “upon that health which seemed unbreakable, and justly credited him with the soundest constitution of our band, as well
24、 as with the clearest mind and the sanest reason. It was then that this frightful thunderbolt destroyed him.“ It is not exact to say that the lofty genius of De Maupassant was that of an absolutely sane man. We comprehend it today, and, on re-reading him, we find traces everywhere of his final malad
25、y. But it is exact to say that this wounded genius was, by a singular circumstance, the genius of a robust man. A physiologist would without doubt explain this anomaly by the coexistence of a nervous lesion, light at first, with a muscular, athletic temperament. Whatever the cause, the effect is und
26、eniable. The skilled and dainty pessimism of De Maupassant was accompanied by a vigor and physique very unusual. His sensations are in turn those of a hunter and of a sailor, who have, as the old French saying expressively puts it, “swift foot, eagle eye“, and who are attuned to all the whisperings
27、of nature. PASSAGE TWO Cities are often described as being alive. A nice metaphor, but does it mean anything? And, if it does, can town planners and biologists learn from one another? Steven Strogatz, a mathematician at Cornell University, wrote last year that Manhattan and a mouse might just be var
28、iations on a single structural theme. His point was that both are, in part, composed of networks for transporting stuff from one place to another. Roads, railways, water and gas mains, sewage pipes and electricity cables all move things around. So do the blood vessels of animals and the sap-carrying
29、 xylem and phloem of plants. How far can the analogy be pushed? Peter Dodds of the University of Vermont draws a particular analogy between the blood system and a suburban railway network. The commuter-rail system of a city ramifies from the centre. The farther out you go, the sparser it is. By anal
30、ogy, Dr. Dodds predicted, the network of capillaries would not be as dense in large animals as it is in small ones. They, too, branch ultimately from a central sourcethe heart. Surprisingly, no one had looked for this before, but in a paper published recently in Physical Review Letters Dr. Dodds sho
31、ws that this does indeed turn out to be the case. Dr. Dodds“s calculations overthrow a 70-year-old rule of thumb which is known as the 3/4 law of metabolism. This suggests energy expenditure is proportional to body mass raised to the power of three-quarters. That a mouse expends more energy per gram
32、 than an elephant does is well known. But Dr. Dodds“s calculations show that metabolic rates must fall off faster than had previously been believed as animals get bigger because less glucose than thought is being transported by the smaller than predicted capillary network. The law needs to be adjust
33、ed to something more like two-thirds. Two other studies published in the same volume similarly overthrow conventional wisdom about plants. Traditionally, biologists have celebrated the trunk, branch and twig system of a tree as no accident. Many mathematical formulas have suggested it is the best, l
34、east wasteful way to design a distribution network. But the very end of such a network, the leaf, has a different architecture. Unlike the xylem and phloem, the veins in a leaf cross-link and loop. Francis Corson of Rockefeller University in New York used computer models to examine why these loops e
35、xist. From an evolutionary point of view, loops seem inefficient because of the redundancy inherent in a looped network. Dr. Corson“s models show, however, that this inefficiency is true only if demand for water and the nutrients it contains is constant. By studying fluctuations in demand he discove
36、red one purpose of the loops: They allow for a more nuanced delivery system. Flows can be rerouted through the network in response to local pressures in the environment, such as different evaporation rates in different parts of a leaf. The leaf, then, is a resilient distribution networkone whose pri
37、nciples could be applied to, say, electricity grids. Next time your power is cut off because a tree has fallen on the cable, remember that. PASSAGE THREE Ben Buchanan made absolutely sure his schedule would be clear this week. Like millions of Americans, the Texas teen is devouring the 672 pages of
38、Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince , the sixth book in the uberpopular series by J.K. Rowling. And that“s quite a feat in Buchanan“s case. When he got the first Harry Potter book as a Christmas present back in 1998, he was struggling with dyslexia. “I just thought it would be another book I woul
39、dn“t like,“ says Buchanan, who was ready to toss it out with the wrapping paper. Then his morn read the first chapter aloud to him, and he was determined to conquer his first “real“ book. AS the world eagerly cracks open the newest volume, whose initial U.S. run of 10.8 million copies is a publishin
40、g record, the true mystery isn“t the identity of the royal figure in the title. It“s what impact these books are having on kids. Are they converting nonreaders like Buchanan? Are they capable of helping other books defeat TV and video games in the battle for children“s free time? More than 100 milli
41、on of Rowling“s books are in print in the United States alone, and everyone has heard anecdotes about kids fervently reading and rereading each title. But whether all of this hype of countdowns and midnight trips to bookstores translates into a lifelong reading habit remains unclear. If our society
42、ever needed a reading renaissance, it“s now. The National Endowment for the Arts released “Reading at Risk“ last year, a study showing that adult reading rates have dropped 10 percentage points in the past decade, with the steepest slump among those 18 to 24. “Only one half of young people read a bo
43、ok of any kindincluding Harry Potterin 2002. We set the bar almost on the ground. If you read one short story in a teen magazine, that would have counted,“ laments Mark Bauerlein, the NEA“s director of research and analysis. He attributes the loss of readers to the booming world of technology, which
44、 woos would-be leisure readers to iPods, E-mail, IM chats, and video games and leaves them with no time to curl up with a novel. These new forms of media undoubtedly have some benefits. Video games improve problem-solving skills; TV shows promote mental gymnastics by forcing viewers to follow intert
45、wining story lines. But books offer experience that can“t be gained from these other sources, from building vocabulary to stretching the imagination. In fact, fewer kids are reading for pleasure. According to data released from an assessment, the number of 17-year-olds who reported never or hardly e
46、ver reading for fun rose from 9 percent in 1984 to 19 percent in 2004. At the same time, the percentage of 17-year-olds who read daily dropped from 31 to 22. This slow but steady retreat from books has not yet taken a toll on reading ability. Scores for the nation“s youth have remained constant over
47、 the past two decades. But given the strong apparent correlation between pleasure reading and reading skills, this bodes poorly for the future. That“s why many educators are hoping the Harry Potter series can work some magic. In fact, Harry Potter may be the first (and only) literary status symbol f
48、or the young. In second or third grade, kids all started carrying around the books even though they couldn“t read them. By fifth and sixth grade, they“d all read them. It was a status thing. They wanted to be part of the Potter universe. Why don“t other books get the same push? The Potter promotion
49、has made reading an event with the glitz of a movie premiere. It“s an amazing experiment of how publishers will deal with books in the 21st century. For children, dressing up and dragging their parents to a bookstore at midnight is a memorable experience. More book events could get people excited about reading again. Incorporating books into pop culture, rather than separating them into something refined and rarefied, can make literature more accessiblethe way Harry Potter is. Unfortunately, poor kids aren“t always part of the Potter universethe “good reader“ effec
