1、专业八级-401 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Situation ComedyToday“s lecture is about situation comedy, its history, its characteristics and some famous comedies in the Western countries. A sitcom or situation comedy is a genre of comedy 1 origina
2、lly devised for radio but today typically found on television. In a daily life environment, 2 stories go on with some recurring characters. History With situation comedy format originated on 3 in the 1920s, Sam and Henry , the first situation comedy was up in Chicago. The first network situation com
3、edy was Amos but a few months of marriage had shown this to be merely one of the many delusions created by perfect features and noble expression. Everything about her had been smooth and definite, even the tones of her voice and the way her light brown hair, which she wore a Pompadour, was rolled st
4、iffly back from her forehead and coiled in a burnished rope on the top of her head. A serious young man, ambitious to attain a place in the world more brilliant than the secluded seat of his ancestors, he had been impressed at their first meeting by the compactness and precision of Victoria“s orderl
5、y mind. For in that earnest period the minds, as well as the emotions, of lovers were orderly. It was an age when eager young men flocked to church on Sunday morning, and eloquent divines discoursed upon the Victorian poets in the middle of the week. He could afford to smile now when he recalled the
6、 solemn Browning class in which he had first lost his heart. How passionately he had admired Victoria“s virginal features! How fervently he had envied her competent but caressing way with the poet! Incredible as it seemed to him now, he had fallen in love with her while she recited from the more pon
7、derous passages in The Ring and the Book . He had fallen in love with her then, though he had never really enjoyed Browning, and it had been a relief to him when The Unseen , in company with its illustrious poet, had at last gone out to fashion. Yet, since he was disposed to admire all the qualities
8、 he did not possess, he had never ceased to respect the firmness with which Victoria continued to deal in other forms with the Absolute. As the placid years passed, and she came to rely less upon her virginal features, it seemed to him that the ripe opinions of her youth began to shrink and flatten
9、as fruit does that has hung too long on the tree. She had never changed, he realized, since he had first known her; she had become merely riper, softer, and sweeter in nature. Her advantage rested where advantage never fails to rest, in moral fervour. To be invariably right was her single wifely fai
10、ling. For his wife, he singed, with the vague unrest of a husband whose infidelities are imaginary, was a genuinely good woman. She was as far removed from pretence as she was from the posturing virtues that flourish in the credulous world of the drama. The pity of it was that even the least exactin
11、g husband should so often desire something more piquant than goodness.（分数：5.00）(1).In her husband“s eye, Victoria has all the following qualities EXCEPT _（分数：1.00）A.delicacy.B.beauty.C.humbleness.D.intelligence.(2).We get the impression that Virginius is a man of _（分数：1.00）A.harmless vanity.B.profou
12、nd knowledge.C.high aspiration.D.immovable confidence.(3).When Browning“s poem became unpopular, Virginius felt _（分数：1.00）A.sympathy for it.B.free from it.C.annoyed at it.D.regret for it.(4).Virginius would feel more or less guilty when he _（分数：1.00）A.fancied being disloyal to Victoria.B.thought abo
13、ut Victoria“s perfection.C.tried to find fault with Victoria.D.began to dislike Victoria“s features.(5).The word “piquant“ in the last paragraph probably means _（分数：1.00）A.adventurous.B.unusual.C.lofty.D.interesting.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：6.00)All through my boyhood and youth, I was known as an idler; an
14、d yet I was always busy on my own private end, which was to learn to write. I kept always two books in my pocket, one to read, one to write in. As I walked, mind was busy fitting what I saw with appropriate words; when I sat by the roadside, I would either read, or a pencil and a note-book would be
15、in my hand, to note down the features of the scene or write some poor lines of verse. Thus I lived with words. And what I thus wrote was for no further use; it was written consciously for practice. It is not so much that I wished to be an author (though I wished that too) as that I had vowed that I
16、would learn to write. That was a proficiency that tempted me; and I practiced to acquire it. Description was the principal field of my exercise; for to anyone with senses there is always something worth describing, and town and country are but one continuous subject. But I worked in other ways also;
17、 I often accompanied my walks with dramatic dialogues, in which I played many parts; and often exercised myself in writing down conversations from memory. This was all excellent, no doubt. And yet this was not the most efficient part of my training. Good as it was, it only taught me the choice of th
18、e essential note and the fight word. And regarded as training, it had one grave defect; for it set me no standard of achievement. So that there was perhaps more profit, as there was certainly more effort, in my secret hours at home. Whenever I read a book or a passage that particularly pleased me, i
19、n which a thing was said or an effect rendered with propriety, in which there was either some conspicuous force or some happy distinction in the style, I must sit down at once and set myself to ape that quality. I was unsuccessful, and I knew it; and tried again, and was again unsuccessful and alway
20、s unsuccessful; but at least in these vain bouts I got some practice in the rhythm, in harmony, in construction and the coordination of parts. I have thus played the sedulous ape to Hazlitt, to Lamb, to Wordsworth, to Defoe, to Hawthorne. That, like it or not, is the way to learn to write; whether I
21、 have profited or not, that is the way. It was so, if we could trace it out, that all men have learned. Perhaps I hear someone cry out: but this is not the way to be original! It is not; nor is there any way but to be born so. Nor yet, if you are born original, is there anything in this training tha
22、t shall clip the wings of your originality. Burns is the very type of a most original force in letters; he was of all men the most imitative. Shakespeare himself proceeds directly from a school. It is only from a school that we can expect to have good writers; it is almost invariably from a school t
23、hat great writers issue. Nor is there anything here that should astonish the considerate. Before he can tell what cadences he truly prefers, the student should have tried all that are possible; before he can choose a fitting key of words, he should long have practiced the literary scales; and it is
24、only after years of such exercises that he can sit down at last, legions of words swarming to his call, dozens of turns of phrases simultaneously bidding for his choice, and he himself knowing what he wants to do and (within the narrow limit of a man“s ability) able to do it.（分数：6.00）(1).In his earl
25、y years of writing practice, the author mainly focused on the ability of _（分数：1.00）A.description.B.critical thinking.C.communication.D.note-taking.(2).Even when he was a boy, the author spent a lot of time practicing writing because _（分数：1.00）A.becoming a professional writer was his goal.B.he had so
26、mething secret in his heart.C.learning to write was his childhood dream.D.people blamed him for his laziness.(3).In his secret hours, the author _（分数：1.00）A.noted down the lines he liked.B.imitated the passages that impressed him.C.edited the passages for publication.D.read works written by great wr
27、iters.(4).Some people may disagree with the author on his method because they think _（分数：1.00）A.it is not practical for adults.B.it is already out of date.C.it isn“t a primary method.D.it fails to cultivate creativity.(5).From the description in the passage, we learn that _（分数：1.00）A.Bums is well kn
28、own for his skill of writing letters.B.Shakespeare has received formal training in schools.C.creativity is usually based on the persistent practice.D.people can“t find anything to describe until after years of practices.(6).Which of the following statements contains a metaphor?（分数：1.00）A.“I often ac
29、companied my walks with dramatic dialogues.“ (Para. 1)B.“.there was either some conspicuous force or some happy distinction.“ (Para. 2)C.“I must, and set myself to ape that quality.“ (Para. 2)D.“.before he can choose a fitting key of words.“ (Para. 3)九、TEXT D(总题数：1，分数：4.00)As more schools are set up
30、 today, learning is compulsory. It is an Ought, even worse, a Must, enforced by regular hours and rigid discipline. And the young sneer at the Oughts and resist the Musts with all their energy. The feeling often lasts through a lifetime. For too many of us, learning appears to be a surrender of our
31、own will to external direction, a sort of enslavement. This is mistake. Learning is a natural pleasure, inborn and instinctive, one of the essential pleasures of the human race. Watch a small child, at an age too young to have had any mental habits implanted by training. Some delightful films made b
32、y the late Dr. Arnold Gesell of Yale University show little creatures who can barely talk investigating problems with all the zeal and excitement of explorers, making discoveries with the passion and absorption of dedicated scientists. At the end of each successful investigation, there comes over ea
33、ch tiny face an expression of pure heartfelt pleasure. But if the pleasure of learning is universal, why are there so many dull, incurious people in the world? It is because they were made dull, by bad teaching, by isolation, by surrender to routine, sometimes, too, by the pressure of hard work and
34、poverty, or by the toxin of riches, with all their ephemeral and trivial delights. With luck, resolution and guidance, however, the human mind can survive not only poverty but even wealth. This pleasure is not confined to learning from textbooks, which are too often tedious. But it does include lear
35、ning from books. Sometimes when I stand in a big library like the library of Congress, or Butler Library at Columbia, and gaze around me at the millions of books, I feel a sober, earnest delight hard to convey except a metaphor. These are not lumps of lifeless paper, but minds alive on the shelves.
36、From each of them goes out its own voice, as inaudible as the streams of sound conveyed by electric waves beyond the range of hearing, and just as the touch of a button on our stereo will fill the room with music, so by opening one of these volumes, one can call into range a voice far distant in tim
37、e and space, and hear it speaking, mind to mind, heart to heart. But, far beyond books, learning means keeping the mind open and active to receive all kinds of experience. One of the best-informed men I ever knew was a cowboy who rarely read a newspaper and never a book, but who had ridden many thou
38、sands miles through one of the western states. He knew his state as thoroughly as a surgeon knows human body. He loved it. Not a mountain, not a canyon which had not much to tell him, not a change in the weather that could not interpret. And so, among the pleasures of learning, we should include tra
39、vel, travel with an open mind, an alert eye and a visit to understand other people, other places, rather than looking in them a mirror image of oneself. If I were a young man today, I should have resolved to see no, to learn all the states before I was 35. Learning also means learning to practice, o
40、r at least to aspirate, an art. Every new art you learn appears like a new window on the universe; it is like acquiring a new sense. Because I was born and brought in Glasgow, Scotland, a hideous 19th-century industrial city, I did not understand the slightest thing about architecture until I was in
41、 my 20“s. Since then, I have learned a little about the art, and it has been a constant delight.As for reading books, this contains two different delights. One is the pleasure of apprehending the unexpected, such as when one meets a new author who has a new vision of the world. The other is of deepe
42、ning one“s knowledge of a special field. Learning extends our lives (as Ptolemy said) into new dimensions. It is cumulative. Instead of diminishing in time, like health and strength, its returns go on increasing.（分数：4.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT the cause of a person“s incuriousness?（分数：1.0
43、0）A.Bad Teaching.B.Poverty.C.Hard labor.D.Age.(2).In describing learning from books in libraries, the author“s language is _（分数：1.00）A.metaphorical.B.ironical.C.descriptive.D.dramatic.(3).The main purpose of telling the story of the cowboy is _（分数：1.00）A.to show that one doesn“t have to read books t
44、o acquire knowledge.B.to show that one should travel a lot to learn about the world.C.to show that nature can be a best textbook for us.D.to show that one should learn to love his country by travel.(4).In the passage, the author cites several ways of learning EXCEPT _（分数：1.00）A.learning from films.B
45、.learning from textbooks.C.learning from experiences.D.learning from arts.十、PART GENERAL KNOWL(总题数：10，分数：10.00)2.Ireland is called the Emerald Isle because of _（分数：1.00）A.its unique shape.B.its connection with Britain.C.its abundant resources.D.its green countryside.3.New Zealand is the first countr
46、y in the world to get the new day, because _（分数：1.00）A.it is just east of the International.B.it is just west of the International Date Line.C.it is located just between the equator and the South Pole.D.it is located in the Southern Pacific Ocean.4.Which branch of the American government has the pow
47、er to interpret the Constitution?（分数：1.00）A.The Supreme Court.B.The President.C.The House.D.The Senate.5.Literature of Neoclassicism is different from that of Romanticism in that _（分数：1.00）A.the former celebrates reason, rationality, order and instruction while the latter sees literature as an expre
48、ssion of an individual“s feeling and experiences.B.the former is heavily religious but the latter secular.C.the former is an intellectual movement the purpose of which is to arouse the middle class for political rights while the latter is concerned with the personal cultivation.D.the former advocate
49、s the “return to nature“ whereas the latter turns to the ancient Greek and Roman writers for its models.6.When did China and America establish diplomatic relations?（分数：1.00）A.In January,1972.B.In January, 1976.C.In January,1978.D.In January, 1979.7.James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT _（分数：1.00）A.Dubliners.B.Jude the Obscure.C.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.D.Ulysses.8.Which of the following is NOT a work of Nathaniel Hawthorne“s?（分数：1.00）A.The House of the Seven Gables
