1、专业八级-387 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)How to Write a Term PaperDefinition of a term paper Analyze a perspective or argue a point. Present 1 . Step 1: Narrow down the topic Narrow down the topic so that it can be focused on with ease and 2 .
2、 Avoid 3 and go directly to information which directly links with the topic discussed. Step 2: Prepare an outline Outline serves well in making the paper 4 . 3x5 file cards help to organize facts. Step 3: Start to write Start with the set topic and follow the prepared 5 , writing in a methodical way
3、. Step 4: Check grammar and spelling mistakes The 6 can help check spelling for the writer, but it can“t pick up misspelled words that happen to spell another word. Step 5: Seek advice from others Have the paper read by others and see if it is 7 to those who haven“t done the research. Ask a second p
4、erson to proofread the paper, for the writer may be 8 to the mistakes after several reading. Step 6: Improve the 9 of the paper Make sure it is clear and neat-looking. Good image-makers include clean paper and even 10 （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interv
5、iew. At the end of the interview, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview. （分数：5.00）(1).Why is it important to have a good relationship with neighbors?（分数：1.00）A.Harmonious neighborhood is the most valuable relationship.B.Neighbors are
6、the most helpful when help is needed.C.Neighbors are as important as family members.D.Getting along well with neighbors is good for one“s health.(2).Which of the following is CORRECT about establishing new neighborhood?（分数：1.00）A.One who doesn“t reach out to new arrival neighbors must be rude.B.Neve
7、r reach out to your neighbors before they approach you.C.It“s impolite to call your new neighbors by their first name.D.You can go ahead and introduce yourself to your neighbors.(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned about noise?（分数：1.00）A.Loud music is a very big problem among neighbors.B.Peop
8、le may not know their loud music is annoying neighbors.C.It“s-me approach is a good choice to solve the problem.D.Noise has become the third largest polluting source in the world.(4).The following is Betty“s advice to deal with unpleasant smells EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.preventing your neighbor cooking smel
9、ly food.B.advising your neighbor to open windows.C.having your building“s ventilation system checked.D.getting support from fellow neighbors.(5).What is Betty“s idea about a neighbor always coming around?（分数：1.00）A.He must be curious to know your personal privacy.B.He might be trying to be friendly,
10、 or maybe he“s lonely.C.He is annoying and you should show some distance.D.He is very friendly and suitable to be your friend.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to t
11、he news. （分数：2.00）(1).What happened on Sunday?（分数：1.00）A.A bomb exploded outside a building.B.Anti-terrorism officers searched for bombs.C.Police received a suicide bombing warning.D.There was a bomb attack in a training office.(2).Earlier reports said the victim was（分数：1.00）A.a young boy.B.a little
12、 girl.C.a mother.D.a man.Questions 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news. （分数：2.00）(1).According to the news, the health care reform by Obama benefits（分数：1.00）A.the Democrats.B.the Republicans
13、.C.all American citizens.D.Senate committees.(2).In order to pass the health care reform, the Democratic leaders had to（分数：1.00）A.get permission from the president.B.get votes from the Republicans.C.start debate this Tuesday.D.pass a separate bill to change law.1.Question 10 is based on the followin
14、g news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news. 10. What is the main message of the news item?（分数：1.00）A.Africans are struggling to deal with the climate change.B.Africans know and understand about the climate well.C.Africans tend to
15、blame themselves for global warming.D.Africans bear the heaviest consequences of rising temperatures.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Improving the balance between the working part of the day and the rest of it is a goal of a growing number of workers in rich Western countri
16、es. Some are turning away from the ideals of their parents, for whom work always came first; others with scarce skills are demanding more because they know they can get it. Employers, caught between a falling population of workers and tight controls on immigration, are eager to identify extra perks
17、that will lure more “talent“ their way. Just now they are focusing on benefits (especially flexible working) that offer employees more than just pay. Some companies saw the change of mood some time ago. IBM has more than 50 different programmes promoting work-life balance and Bank of America over 30
18、. But plenty of other firms remain unconvinced and many lack the capacity to cater to such ideas even if they wanted to. Helen Murlis, with Hay Group, a human-resources consultancy, sees a widening gap between firms at the creative end of employment and those that are not. The chief component of alm
19、ost all schemes to promote work-life balance is flexible working. This allows people to escape rigid nine-to-five schedules and work away from a formal office. IBM says that 40% of its employees today work off the company premises. For many businesses, flexible working is a necessity. Globalization
20、has spread the hours in which workers need to communicate with each other and increased the call for flexible shifts. Nella Barkley, an American who advises companies on work-life balance, says that large firms are beginning to understand the value of such schemes, “but only slowly“. For most of the
21、m, they still mean little more than child care, health care and flexible working. Businesses have other good reasons for improving employees“ work-life balance. Wegmans Food Markets, a grocery chain based in Rochester, New York, frequently appears near the top of lists of the best employers in Ameri
22、ca. It has a broad range of flexible-work programmes, which gives it one of the lowest rates of employment turnover in its industry 8% a year for full-time workers, compared with 19% across the industry. The spread of flexible work has come about at least partly as a result of initiatives to keep wo
23、men workers. Companies have had to offer extended periods of leave for them to look after dependants (young and old), and flexible working in between. At BAH, women partners take an average of eight-and-a-half extended breaks during their careers. Men take an average of one-and-a-half. Ernst others
24、with scarce skills are demanding more because they know they can get it. Employers, caught between a falling population of workers and tight controls on immigration, are eager to identify extra perks that will lure more “talent“ their way. Just now they are focusing on benefits (especially flexible
25、working) that offer employees more than just pay. Some companies saw the change of mood some time ago. IBM has more than 50 different programmes promoting work-life balance and Bank of America over 30. But plenty of other firms remain unconvinced and many lack the capacity to cater to such ideas eve
26、n if they wanted to. Helen Murlis, with Hay Group, a human-resources consultancy, sees a widening gap between firms at the creative end of employment and those that are not. The chief component of almost all schemes to promote work-life balance is flexible working. This allows people to escape rigid
27、 nine-to-five schedules and work away from a formal office. IBM says that 40% of its employees today work off the company premises. For many businesses, flexible working is a necessity. Globalization has spread the hours in which workers need to communicate with each other and increased the call for
28、 flexible shifts. Nella Barkley, an American who advises companies on work-life balance, says that large firms are beginning to understand the value of such schemes, “but only slowly“. For most of them, they still mean little more than child care, health care and flexible working. Businesses have ot
29、her good reasons for improving employees“ work-life balance. Wegmans Food Markets, a grocery chain based in Rochester, New York, frequently appears near the top of lists of the best employers in America. It has a broad range of flexible-work programmes, which gives it one of the lowest rates of empl
30、oyment turnover in its industry 8% a year for full-time workers, compared with 19% across the industry. The spread of flexible work has come about at least partly as a result of initiatives to keep women workers. Companies have had to offer extended periods of leave for them to look after dependants
31、 (young and old), and flexible working in between. At BAH, women partners take an average of eight-and-a-half extended breaks during their careers. Men take an average of one-and-a-half. Ernst & Young, keen to show that part-time workers can also become partners, recently made the first such appoint
32、ment in Houston, Texas. To some extent, the proliferation of work-life-balance schemes is a function of today“s labour market. Companies in knowledge-based industries worry about the shortage of skills and how they are going to persuade talented people to work for them. Although white-collar workers
33、 are more likely to be laid off nowadays, they are also likely to get rehired. Unemployment among college graduates in America is just over 2%. The same competition for scarce talent is evident in Britain. For some time to come, talented people in the West will demand more from employers, and clever
34、 employers will create new gewgaws to entice them to join. Those employers should note that for a growing number of these workers the most appealing gewgaw of all is the freedom to work as and when they please.（分数：5.00）(1).Employees tend to demand more from their employers because（分数：1.00）A.they alw
35、ays give priority to their work.B.they are pursuing a more balanced lifestyle. C.they are equipped with special skills.D.they focus on benefits rather than salary.解析：解析 因果判断题。根据 demand more 定位到第 1 段。文章开篇提到越来越多的人想在工作和生活之间找到一个更好的平衡，接着介绍有些人开始抗拒上一代认为工作总是第一的理念，而另外一些掌握稀缺技术的人要求更多，这两句说明了雇员向雇主要求更多的原因是为了获得工作和
36、生活之间更好的平衡，故 B 为正确答案。A 项为上一代的工作理念，可排除；C 项是雇员向雇主要求更多的条件，并非原因；D项将原文的主语“雇主”换成了“雇员”，故排除。(2).The current situation about the work-life balance problem is that（分数：1.00）A.many companies launch varying programmes for the problem.B.most companies are ready to take effective solutions.C.companies are at two ex
37、tremes in solving the problem. D.most companies are indifferent to the problem.解析：解析 细节推断题。根据 work-life balance 定位到第 2 段。该段介绍了不同公司对新趋势的不同做法：一些公司如 IBM 作出了调整，而一些公司则不相信或缺乏能力应对这一变化，这是两个极端，故C 为正确答案。(3).IBM is cited as an example in the third paragraph to show that（分数：1.00）A.IBM has many different program
38、mes enhancing work-life balance.B.the tendency of large firms to improve employee“s work-life balance.C.flexible working includes allowing employees to work outside offices. D.flexible working is adopted to meet the new demand of communication.解析：解析 细节推断题。根据题干直接定位到第 3 段。该段第 3 句提到 IBM 有 40%的员工在公司以外的地
39、方办公，这正是呼应其前一句的 work away from a formal office，故 C 为正确答案。该段只介绍IBM 的一种新工作方式，A 项中的 different 与此不符；B 项是对第 2 段前半部分的总结，与本段无关；D项在该段末句有提及，但它不是举 IBM 为例的目的所在，属于答非所问。(4).Which of the following is NOT the cause for the spread of flexible work?（分数：1.00）A.Low turnover rate. B.Initiatives to stabilise workforce.C.
40、General thirst for talents.D.Labour force competition.解析：解析 细节推断题。根据 the spread of flexible work 定位到第 6、7 段。第 6 段首句提到原因之一“为了留住女性员工”，故 B 项“稳定员工队伍的需求”是原因之一，故排除；第 7 段提到的原因包括“人力市场的竞争”和“企业担心技术人才的短缺”，C、D 项与此相符，故排除。A 项“低跳槽率”并未作为其原因而在文中提及，故为正确答案。(5).The word gewgaws in the last paragraph probably means（分数：1
41、.00）A.jewelry.B.positions.C.strategies. D.payment.解析：解析 词义理解题。文中提到为应对越来越多要求的雇员，雇主们将制定新的 gewgaws，故可推断 gewgaws 应为表示“政策”或“方针”的词，纵观各选项，C 项“策略”最符合文意。七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)The American screen has long been a smoky place, at least since 1942“s Now, Voyager , in which Bette Davis and Paul Henreid showed ho
42、w to make and seal a romantic deal over a pair of cigarettes that were smoldering as much as the stars. Today cigarettes are more common onscreen than at any other time since midcentury: 75% of all Hollywood films including 36% of those rated G or PG show tobacco use, according to a recent survey by
43、 the University of California, San Francisco. Audiences, especially kids, are taking notice. Two recent studies, published in Lancet and Pediatrics , have found that among children as young as 10, those exposed to the most screen smoking are up to 2.7 times as likely as others to pick up the habit.
44、Worse, it“s the ones from nonsmoking homes who are hit the hardest, perhaps because they are spared the dirty ashtrays and moldy drapes that make realworld smoking a lot less appealing than the clean cinematic version. Now the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) the folks behind the designated-dr
45、iver campaign are pushing to get the smokes off the screen. “Some movies show kids up to 14 incidents of smoking per hour,“ says Barry Bloom, HSPH“s dean. “We“re in the business of preventing disease, and cigarettes are the No. 1 preventable cause.“ If there“s one thing health experts know, it“s tha
46、t you don“t influence behavior by telling people what to do. You do it by exposing them to enough cases of people behaving well that it creates a new norm. What made the designated-driver concept catch on in the 1980s was partly that Harvard and the ad agencies it worked with persuaded TV networks t
47、o slip the idea into their shows. There“s a reason a designated-driver poster appeared in the bar on Cheers, and it“s not because it made the jokes funnier. “The idea appeared in 160 prime-time episodes over four years,“ says Jay Winsten, HSPH“s associate dean. “Drunk-driving fatalities fell 25% ove
48、r the next three years.“ Harvard long believed that getting cigarettes out of movies could have as powerful an effect, but it wouldn“t be easy. Cigarette makers had a history of striking product-placement deals with Hollywood, and while the 1998 tobacco settlement prevents that, nothing stops direct
49、ors from incorporating smoking into scenes on their own. In 1999 Harvard began holding one-on-one meetings with studio executives trying to change that, and last year the Motion Picture Association of America flung the door open, inviting Bloom to make a presentation in February to all the studios. Harvard“s advice was direct: Get the butts entirely out, or at least make smoking unappealing. A few films provide a glimpse of what a no-smoking or low-smoking Hollywood would be like. Producer Lindsay Doran, who once helpe
