1、专业八级-374 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically semantically acceptable. You may refer to your n
2、ote.Argumentation: Functions and Strategies. Functions of argumentation:You can use argumentation to1) make a point in (1) .2) persuade a friend to lend you money,3) talk an employer into giving you a day off. It helps see through (2) arguments that others may make. Five strategies in advancing an a
3、rgument:1 Use Tactful, polite Languagenot to anger opponents by referring to their opinions in (3) terms.2 Point Out Common Groundto point Out common groundopinions that you share. Readers will be (4) to your idea.3 Acknowledge Differing ViewpointsFirst, it helps you (5) in the opposing position.Sec
4、ond, it gives the impression that you are willing to look at an issue (6) .Several techniques to acknowledge differing viewpoints.1) divide your thesis into two parts.2) use one or two sentences in the introduction to (7) the alternative position.3) use a paragraph to summarize opposing opinions.4 G
5、rant the Merits of Differing ViewpointsYou will lose credibility if you argue against something that clearly (8) .5 Rebut Differing ViewpointsTo rebut means to (9) with an opposing view. A rebuttal can take two forms.1) You can first mention (10) of the other side.2) You can present the first point
6、and rebut that point, then move on to the second.ANSWER SHEET TWO（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).How did the interviewer describe Deputy Sheriff Jennifer Fulford-Salvano?（分数：1.00）A.duty and success.B.selfless service and h
7、eroism.C.love and sacrifice.D.valor and reputation(2).What happened that morning?（分数：1.00）A.Deputy Sheriff Jennifer Fulford-Salvano was called to a home invasion in progress in Orlando.B.The 911 call was made by the mother whose eight-year-old boy and 2-year-old twin girls were at home.C.The colleag
8、ue of Deputy Sheriff Jennifer was also shot seven times.D.Many other officers had already gone inside when Deputy Sheriff Jennifer arrive(3).When did the shooting start?（分数：1.00）A.Right after she went in.B.When she found the doors on the car were locked.C.When she began checking.D.When she walked ou
9、tside the garage door.(4).What happened to the two robbers who shot at Jennifer at the same time?（分数：1.00）A.One died on the spot and the other died in the hospital.B.Both died on the spot.C.One died on the spot and the other ended up in jail.D.One died on the spot and the other escaped,(5).Which of
10、the following statements is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.Jennifer would call in sick that day if she had known what would happen.B.Jennifer was just happy to see the kids were safe.C.Jennifer thought it is her job, it is what she was there for to save the three little kids.D.Jennifer probably would go there
11、again if it was the same situation because she regarded it as her responsibility.四、SECTION C(总题数：4，分数：5.00)Questions 9-10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the 2 questions. Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).Which of the fol
12、lowing information about Warren Buffett is correct?（分数：1.00）A.He has been giving 1.5 billion dollars to charity each year.B.He will give presents to a foundation in commemoration of his late wife every year.C.He has talked about his plan with Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.D.His children will suc
13、ceed him as the chief executive of the Berkshire Hathaway Corporation.(2).The Gates Fundation has set aside millions of dollars to develop educational technology（分数：1.00）A.in developing countriesB.in developed countriesC.in the United StatesD.in North America1. Question 6 is based on the following n
14、ews. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.Which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.Ala Kartar is in fact the town named Markondo in the novel “One Hundred Years of Solitude“.B.The government of Ala Kartar has decided to
15、change its name to commemorate Gabriel Gacia Marquez.C.Some supernatural events have taken place in the town of Ala Kartar.D.Macondo is located in a banana growing area in the novel.2.Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the q
16、uestion. Now listen to the news.It is_that took the initiative in the merger?（分数：1.00）A.ArcelorB.Mittal SteelC.LuxemburgD.WTO3.Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.Katharine Jefferts Schori
17、 called on the people to concentrate on_.（分数：1.00）A.inequityB.woman electionC.religious problemsD.gay problems五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)It was a day that Michael Eisner would undoubtedly like to forget. Sitting in a Los Angeles witness box for four hours last week, th
18、e usually unflappable chairman of the Walt Disney Co. struggled to maintain his composure. Eisners protg turned nemesis. Jeffrey Katzenberg, his former employee, was seeking $500 million in his breach-of-contract suit against Disney, and Eisner was trying to defend hisand his companys integrity. At
19、one point Eisner became flustered when Katzenbergs attorney, Bertram Fields, asked if he recalled telling his biographer, Tony Schwartz, “I think I hate the little midget.“ Later Eisner recalled that the same day, he had received a fax from Katzenberg meant for Fields, thanking the lawyer for “manag
20、ing“ a magazine story that praised Katzenberg at Eisners expense: “I said to Schwartz, Screw that. If he is going to play this disingenuous gameI simply was not going to pay him his money. “Last weeks revelations were the latest twist in a dispute that has entertained Hollywood and tarnished Disneys
21、 corporate image. The dash began five years ago, when Katzenberg quit Disney after a 10-year reign as studio chief, during which he oversaw production of such animated blockbusters as “The Lion King“. Disneys attorneys said that Katzenberg forfeited his bonus2 percent of profits in perpetuity from a
22、ll Disney movies, TV shows and stage productions from 1984 to 1994, as well as their sequels and tie-inswhen he left. The company ultimately paid Katzenberg a partial settlement of nearly $117 million, sources say. But talks broke down over how much Disney owed, and the dispute landed in court.Indus
23、try insiders never expected that Disney would push it this far. The last Hollywood accounting dispute that aired in public was Art Buchwalds lawsuit against Paramount for profits he claimed to be owed from the 1988 Eddie Murphy hit “Coming to America“. Paramount chose to fight Buchwald in courtonly
24、to wind up paying him $1 million after embarrassing revelations about its business practices. After that, studios made a practice of quietly settling such claims. But Disney under Eisner would rather fight that settle. And he and Katzenberg are both proud, combative types whose business disagreement
25、 deepened into personal animus.So far, Disneys imageas well as Eisnershas taken a beating. In his testimony last week Eisner repeatedly responded to questions by saying“ I dont recall“ or “I dont know“. Katzenberg, by contrast, offered a stack of notes and memos that appeared to bolster his claim. (
26、The Disney executive who negotiated.Katzenbergs deal, Frank Wells, died in a helicopter crash five years ago.)The trial has also offered a devastating glimpse into the Magic Kingdoms business dealings. Internal documents detail sensitive Disney financial information. One Hollywood lawyer calls a mem
27、o sent to Katzenberg from a former Disney top accountant “a road map to riches“ for writers, directors and producers eager to press cases against Disney. The company declined requests to comment on the case. The next phase of the trial could be even more embarrassing. As Katzenbergs profit participa
28、tion is calculated, Eisner will have to argue that his animated treasures are far less valuable than Katzenberg claims. No matter how the judge rules, Disney will look like a loser.（分数：5.00）(1).At the end of the first paragraph, the pronoun “I“ in the quoted sentence “I said to Schwatz,“ refers to_.
29、（分数：1.00）A.EisnerB.FieldsC.SchwatzD.Katzenberg(2).Katzenberg made a lawsuit against Disney because_.（分数：1.00）A.Disney dismissed him before the contract expiredB.Eisner insulted him in a magazine by calling him “the little midget“C.Disney did not pay him in accordance with the contractD.Disney owed h
30、im $117 million(3).Hollywood studios now try to avoid sealing disputes with their employees in court because they fear that_.（分数：1.00）A.involvement in a lawsuit will tarnish their reputationB.many of their illegal business practices will be found out by the publicC.lawyers will overcharge them for s
31、uch casesD.their confidential business information will be divulged(4).It is implied in the last paragraph that_.（分数：1.00）A.Disney has profited much less than the general public expectedB.Disney has underpaid many of their employeesC.Eisners animated movies didnt bring as much money as Katzenberg th
32、inksD.Disney is undergoing a financial crisis(5).We can infer from this passage that_.（分数：1.00）A.Katzenberg will undoubtedly win the lawsuit and get all the money he claimedB.Eisner will remain imperturbable all through the trialC.Katzenberg will suffer great embarrassmentD.Disney will face more law
33、suits from their employees七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the brains physical deterioration.It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are d
34、ifferent from person to person. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage.“That may seem like bad news,“ said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. Ho
35、wever, he explained, the finding suggests that education allows people to with stand more brain-tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down.The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the “reserve“
36、hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain tissue to spare.Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women ages 66 to 90, researchers found that for ea
37、ch year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal.“Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage,“ Coffey said.“ People lose (on average) 2
38、.5 percent decade starting at adulthood.“There is, however, a “remarkable range“ of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and
39、high blood pressure, contribute to brain-tissue loss throughout adulthood.In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss.Coffey and colleagues ga
40、uged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the greater the cortical shrinkage. Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related to the severity of brain
41、shrinkage. For each year of education from first grade on, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain.For example, Coffeys team reported, among subjects of the same sex and similar age and skull size, those with 16 years of education had 8 percent to 10 per
42、cent more cerebrospinal fluid compared with those who had four years of schooling.Of course, achieving a particular education level is not the definitive measure of someones mental capacity. And, said Coffey, education can be “a proxy for many things“. More-educated people, he noted, are often less
43、likely to have habits, such as smoking, that harm overall health. But Coffey said that his teams findings suggest that like the body, the brain benefits from exercise.“ The question is whether by continuing to exercise the brain we can forestall the effects of (brain shrinkage),“ he said. “My hunch
44、is that we can.“According to Coffey, people should strive throughout life to keep their brains alert by exposing themselves to new experiences. Travelling is one way to stimulate the brain, he said; a less adventuresome way is to do crossword puzzles.“A hot topic down the road,“ Coffey said, “will b
45、e whether education even late in life has a protective effect against mental decline.“Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown, In their report, the researchers speculated that in people with morn education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to compensate
46、for cortical shrinkage.（分数：4.00）(1).According to this passage, all of the following factors could account for brain shrinkage except_.（分数：1.00）A.ageB.educationC.healthD.exercise(2).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：1.00）A.The brain of an adult person shrinks 2.5% every 10 years.B.The cer
47、ebrospinal fluid of a person with 8 years of education may have increased by 17.7 millimeters.C.The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 16 years of education may increase by 10%.D.The brain of an aged person shrinks 5% every 10 years.(3).According to Coffeys research, the brain may benefit from_.（分
48、数：1.00）A.runningB.playing chessC.swimmingD.playing football.(4).From this passage, we can conclude that_.（分数：1.00）A.education is beneficial to mental developmentB.education protects the brain from shrinkingC.education has a protective effect against mental declineD.education affects overall brain st
49、ructures八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Roger Rosenblatts book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black history. Addiso
