1、专业八级-95 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BMaslows Hierarchy of Needs/B Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of importance. BPhysiological needs:/B the most (1)_ ones for (1)_ survival. They include such needs as food, w
2、ater, etc. And there is usually one way to satisfy these needs. BSafety needs:/B needs for a) physical security; b) (2)_security. (2)_ The former means no illness or injury, while the latter is concerned with freedom from worries, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met through a variety of means,
3、e.g. job security, (3)_ plans, and safe (3)_ working conditions. (4) _: human requirements for (4)_ a) love and affection; b) (5)_ (5)_ There are two ways to satisfy these needs: a) formation of relationships at work- place; b) formation of relationships outside workplace. BEsteem needs:/B a) self-e
4、steem, i.e. ones sense of a- chievement ; b) esteem of others, i. e. others respect as a result of ones (6)_ (6)_ These needs can be fulfilled by achievement, promotion, honours, etc. (7)_: need to realize ones potential. Ways (7)_ to realize these needs are individually different. BFeatures of the
5、hierarchy of needs:/B a) Social, esteem and self-realization needs are ex- clusively (8)_needs. (8)_ b) Needs are. satisfied in (9)_from the bet- (9)_ tom up. c) Motivation for needs comes from the lowest un- met level. d) Different levels of needs may (10)_ (10)_ when they come into play.（分数：10.00）
6、填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).According to Janet, the factor that would most affect negotiations is（分数：1.00）A.English language proficiencyB.different cultural practicesC.different negotiation tasksD.the international Americaniz
7、ed style(2).Janets attitude towards the Americanized style as a model for business negotiations is（分数：1.00）A.supportiveB.negativeC.ambiguousD.cautious(3).Which of the following can NOT be seen as a difference between Brazilian and American negotiators?（分数：1.00）A.Americans prepare more points before
8、negotiations.B.Americans are more straightforward during negotiations.C.Brazilians prefer more eye contact during negotiations.D.Brazilians seek more background information.(4).Which group of people seems to be the most straightforward?（分数：1.00）A.The British.B.Germans.C.Americans.D.Not mentioned.(5)
9、.Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of Japanese negotiators?（分数：1.00）A.Reserved.B.Prejudiced.C.Polite.D.Prudent.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).According to the UN Human Development Report, which is the best place for women in the world?（分数：1.00）A.Canada.B.The U.S.C.Australia.D.Scandi
10、navia.(2)._is in the 12th place in overall ranking.（分数：1.00）A.BritainB.FranceC.FinlandD.Switzerland(3).According to the UN report, the least developed country is_.（分数：1.00）A.EthiopiaB.MaliC.Sierra LeonD.Central African RepublicI Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the n
11、ews item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).The French Presidents visit to Japan aims at_.（分数：1.00）A.making more investments in JapanB.stimulating Japanese businesses in FranceC.helping boost the Japanese economyD.launching a film festival in
12、 Japan(2).This is Jacques Chiracs _ visit to Japan.（分数：1.00）A.secondB.fourteenthC.fortiethD.forty-first四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BThe biggest problem facing Chile as it promotes itself as a tourist destination to be reckoned with is that it is at the end of the earth. It is too far sou
13、th to be a convenient stop on the way to anywhere else and is much farther than a relatively cheap half-days flight away from the big tourist markets, unlike Mexico, for example.Chile, therefore, is having to fight hard to attract tourists, to convince travellers that it is worth coming halfway roun
14、d the world to visit. But it is succeeding, not only in existing markets like the U.S.A. and Western Europe but in new territories, in particular the Far East. Markets closer to home, however, are not being forgotten. More than 50 % of visitors to Chile still come from its nearest neighbour, Argenti
15、na, where the cost of living is much higher.Like all South American countries, Chile sees tourism as a valuable earner of foreign currency, although it has been far more serious than most in promoting its image abroad. Relatively stable politically within the region, it has benefited from the proble
16、ms suffered in other areas. In Peru, guerrilla warfare in recent years has dealt a heavy blow to the tourist industry and fear of street crime in Brazil has reduced the attraction of Rio de Janeiro as a dream destination for foreigners.More than 150,000 people are directly involved in Chiles tourist
17、 sector, an industry which earns the country more than US $ 950 million each year. The state-run National Tourism Service, in partnership with a number of private companies, is currently running a worldwide campaign, taking part in trade fairs and international events to attract visitors to Chile.Ch
18、iles great strength as a tourist destination is its geographical diversity. From the parched Atacama Desert in the north to the Antarctic snowfields of the south, it is more than 5,000km long. With the Pacific on one side and the Andean mountains on the other, Chile boasts natural attractions. Its b
19、eaches are not up to Caribbean standards but resorts such as Vina del Mar are generally clean and unspoilt and have a high standard of services.But the trump card is the Andes mountain range. There are a number of excellent ski resorts within one hours drive of the capital, Santiago, and the nationa
20、l parks in the south are home to rare animal and plant species. The parks already attract specialist visitors, including mountaineers, who come to climb the technically difficult peaks, and fishermen, lured by the salmon and trout in the regions rivers.However, infrastructural development in these a
21、reas is limited. The ski resorts do not have as many lifts as their European counterparts and the poor quality of roads in the south means that only the most determined travellers see the best of the national parks.Air links between Chile and the rest of the world are, at present, relatively poor. W
22、hile Chiles two largest airlines have extensive networks within South America, they operate only a small number of routes to the United States and Europe, while services to Asia are almostnon-existent.Internal transport links are being improved and luxury hotels are being built in one of its nationa
23、l parks. Nor is development being restricted to the Andes. Easter Island and Chiles Antarctic Territory are also on the list of areas where the Government believes it can create tourist markets.But the rush to open hitherto inaccessible areas to mass tourism is not being welcomed by everyone. Indige
24、nous and environmental groups, including Greenpeace, say that many parts of the Andes will suffer if they become over-developed. There is a genuine fear that areas of Chile will suffer the cultural destruction witnessed in Mexico and European resorts.The policy of opening up Antarctica to tourism is
25、 also politically sensitive. Chile already has permanent settlements on the ice and many people see the decision to allow tourists there as a political move, enhancing Santiagos territorial claim over part of Antarctica.The Chilean Government has promised to respect the environment as it seeks to br
26、ing tourism to these areas. But there are immense commercial pressures to exploit the countrys tourism potential. The Government will have to monitor developments closely if it is genuinely concerned in creating a balanced, controlled industry and if the price of an increasingly lucrative tourist ma
27、rket is not going to mean the loss of many of Chiles natural riches.（分数：5.00）(1).Chile is disadvantaged in the promotion of its tourism by_.（分数：1.00）A.geographical locationB.guerrilla warfareC.political instabilityD.street crime(2).Many of Chiles tourists used to come from EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.the Uni
28、ted StatesB.the Far EastC.Western EuropeD.her neighbours(3).According to the author, Chiles greatest attraction is_.（分数：1.00）A.the unspoilt beachesB.the dry and hot desertC.the famous mountain rangeD.the high standard of services(4).According to the passage, in WHICH area improvement is already unde
29、rway?（分数：1.00）A.Facilities in the ski resorts.B.Domestic transport system.C.Air services to Asia.D.Road network in the south.(5).The objection to the development of Chiles tourism might be all EXCEPT that it_.（分数：1.00）A.is ambitious and unrealisticB.is politically sensitiveC.will bring harm to cultu
30、reD.will cause pollution in the areaBTEXT B/BFred Cooke of Salford turned 90 two days ago and the world has been beating a path to his door. If you havent noticed, the backstreet boy educated at Blackpool grammar styles himself more grandly as Alastair Cooke, broadcaster extraordinaire. An honorable
31、 KBE, he would be Sir Alastair if he had not taken American citizenship more than half a century ago.If it sounds snobbish to draw attention to his humble origins, it should be reflected that the real snob is Cooke himself, who has spent a lifetime disguising them. But the fact that he opted to reno
32、unce his British passport in 1941-just when his country needed all the wartime help it could get-is hardly a matter for congratulation.Cooke has made a fortune out of his love affair with America, entrancing listeners with a weekly monologue that has won Radio 4 many devoted adherents. Part of the p
33、ull is the developed drawl. This is the man who gave the world “midatlantic“, the language of the disc jockey and public relations man.He sounds American to us and English to them, while in reality he has for decades belonged to neither. Cookes world is an America that exists. largely in the imagina
34、tion. He took ages to acknowledge the disaster that was Vietnam and even longer to wake up to Watergate. His politics have drifted to the right with age, and most of his opinions have been acquired on the golf course with fellow celebrities.He chased after stars on arrival in America, fixing up an i
35、nterview with Charlie Chaplin and briefly becoming his friend. He told Cooke he could turn him into a fine light comedian; instead he is an impressionists dream.Cooke liked the sound of his first wifes name almost as much as he admired her good looks. But he found bringing up baby difficult and left
36、 her for the wife of his landlord.Women listeners were unimpressed when, in 1996, he declared on air that the fact that 4 % of women in the American armed forces were raped showed remarkable self-restraint on the part of Uncle Sams soldiers. His arrogance in not allowing BBC editors to see his scrip
37、t in advance worked, not for the first time, to his detriment. His defenders said he could not help living with the 1930s values he had acquired and somewhat dubiously went on to cite “gallantry“ as chief among them. Cookes raconteur style encouraged a whole generation of BBC men to think of themsel
38、ves as more important than the story. His treacly tones were the model for the regular World Service reports From Our Own Correspondent, known as FOOCs in the business. They may yet be his epitaph.（分数：3.00）(1).At the beginning of the passage the writer sounds critical of_.（分数：1.00）A.Cookes obscure o
39、riginsB.Cookes broadcasting styleC.Cookes American citizenshipD.Cookes fondness of America(2).The following adjectives can be suitably applied to Cooke EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.old-fashionedB.sincereC.arrogantD.popular(3).The writer comments on Cookes life and career in a slightly_tone.（分数：1.00）A.ironicB.
40、detachedC.scathingD.indifferentBTEXT C/BMr Duffy raised his eyes from the paper and gazed out of his window on the cheerless evening landscape. The river lay quiet beside the empty distillery and from time to time a light appeared in some house on Lucan Road. What an end! The whole narrative of her
41、death revolted him and it revolted him to think that he had ever spoken to her of what he held sacred. The cautious words of a reporter won over to conceal the details of a commonplace vulgar death attacked his stomach. Not merely had she degraded herself, she had degraded him. His souls companion!
42、He thought of the hobbling wretches whom he had seen carrying cans and bottles to be filled by the barman. Just God, what an end! Evidently she had been unfit to live, without any strength of purpose, an easy prey to habits, one of the wrecks on which civilization has been reared. But that she could
43、 have sunk so low! Was it possible he had deceived himself so utterly about her? He remembered her outburst of that night and interpreted it in a harsher sense than he had ever done. He had no difficulty now in approving of the course he had taken.As the light failed and his memory began to wander h
44、e thought her hand touched his. The shock which had first attacked his stomach was now attacking his nerves. He put on his overcoat and hat quickly and went out. The cold air met him on the threshold; it crept into the sleeves of his coat. When he came to the public-house at Chapel Bridge he went in
45、 and ordered a hot punch.The proprietor served him obsequiously but did not venture to talk. There were five or six working-men in the shop discussing the value of a gentlemans estate in County Kildare. They drank at intervals from their huge pint tumblers, and smoked, spitting often on the floor an
46、d sometimes dragging the sawdust over their heavy boots. Mr Duffy sat on his stool and gazed at them, without seeing or hearing them. After a while they went out and he called for another punch. He sat a long time over it. The shop was very quiet. The proprietor sprawled on the counter reading the n
47、ewspaper and yawning. Now and again a tram was heard swishing along the lonely road outside.As he sat there, living over his life with her and evoking alternately the two images on which he now conceived her, he realized that she was dead, that she had ceased to exist, that she had become a memory.
48、He began to feel ill at ease. He asked himself what else could he have done. He could not have lived with her openly. He had done what seemed to him best. How was he to blame? Now that she was gone he understood how lonely her life must have been, sitting night after night alone in that room. His life would be lonely too until he, too, died, ceased to exist, became a memory-if anyone remembered him.（分数：4.00）(1).Mr Duffys immediate rea
