1、专业八级-65 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)B How to Read Effectively/B Many students tend to read books without any purpose. They often read a book slowly and in great detail with the result that they frequently have no (1)_view of what they are reading. (1)_ To read effectiv
2、ely, students are suggested to do the following: 1) To decide precisely on the (2)_for reading a book. (2)_ 2) To decide what they are going to read: a. The (3)_page should be read first. (3)_ b. The chapter headings are useful in indicating what should be read. c. The Index can help to (4)_the page
3、s related to some (4)_ information. 3) To read the opening and final paragraphs so that they could know what a book is mainly about. 4) To ask themselves what is the main part of their reading and then try to answer the question by making notes, which can help them to concentrate on the reading and
4、provide a (5)_which can be (5)_ re-read later. 5) To increase reading speed without loss of (6)_. (6)_ Three main kinds of silent reading speed: 1) the slowest: study speed for a higher level of understanding, 2) the average speed for easier textbooks, novels, etc. 3) the fastest: (7)_used to get a
5、general idea of a book or an (7)_ article. The results of a survey of students reading speed conducted by Edward Fry: A good reader achieves (8)_comprehension when he skims at (8)_ over 800 words a minute, 70% comprehension at 250-500 words a minute, and 80%-90% comprehension at 200-300 words a minu
6、te. The average speed of a poor reader is 150 to (9)_words a (9)_ minute with a comprehension (10)_of 70%. (10)_（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Jack met Cole with the purpose of_.（分数：1.00）A.enquiring about a degreeB.get
7、ting some information about a grantC.inquiring about the qualification for a degreeD.discussing the complexity of the grant system(2).Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the award according to Cole?（分数：1.00）A.The award is paid direct to a college.B.The award involves tuition and other course fees.
8、C.The award is paid direct to local education authorities.D.The award includes a fee element and a maintenance element.(3).The following are true of mandatory grants EXCEPT that_.（分数：1.00）A.mandatory grants are paid by local education authoritiesB.mandatory grants are only paid to students who are a
9、ttending designated coursesC.mandatory grants are only paid to students who are attending non-designated coursesD.one has to satisfy some qualifying conditions if he wants to obtain mandatory grants(4).The following are the qualifications for a mandatory grant EXCEPT that_.（分数：1.00）A.one has been ad
10、mitted to a designated courseB.one has been in Britain for three years before a course beginsC.one has attended a higher-education course for two years with a grantD.one has to participate in some examinations which are highly competitive(5).When local education authorities decide how much a grant i
11、s, they will take the following factors into consideration EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.where one will be while studyingB.ones examination resultsC.additional allowance one ii able to getD.whether one lives with his parents or in a hall of residence三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).What percentage of Likud mem
12、bers voted against the prime ministers plan?（分数：1.00）A.About 60 percent.B.About 40 percent.C.About 64 percent.D.75 percent.(2).How many Likud members took part in the referendum regarding Ariel Sharons unilateral disengagement plan?（分数：1.00）A.120,000.B.80,000.C.100,000.D.28,000.(3).What took place o
13、n Sunday?（分数：1.00）A.Sharon declared that he would resign.B.An Israeli woman and her daughters were killed by Palestinian gunmenC.Some Likud members refused to cast ballots because of the killingD.Sharon said that he would hold the referendum again despite his failure.I Questions 9 to 10 are based on
14、 the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).Whats Kofi Annans attitude towards the criticism of U. N.s role in the Iraq oil-for-food program?（分数：1.00）A.Angry.B.Apologetic.C.Surprised.D.Indifferent.(2).T
15、here is an allegation that_.（分数：1.00）A.Kojo Annan benefited illegally from oil-for-food programB.Kofi Annan was involved in some illegal activities in oil-for-food programC.U. N. was not active in the oil-for-food programD.U. N. did not monitor effectively what was imported into Iraq under the progr
16、am四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BOn the day after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Representative Charles A. Eaton, Republican of New Jersey, made his case in the House for why the nation should enter the Second World War.“Mr. Speaker,“ his speech began, “yesterday against the roar of
17、Japanese cannon in Hawaii our American people heard a trumpet call; a call to unity; a call to courage; a call to determination once and for all to wipe off of the earth this accursed monster of tyranny and slavery which is casting its black shadow over the hearts and homes of every land.”Last year,
18、 Senator Sam Brownback, Republican of Kansas, made the case for war in Iraq this way: “And if we dont go at Iraq, that our effort in the war on terrorism dwindles down into an intelligence operation,“ he said. “We go at Iraq and it says to countries that support terrorists, there remain six in the w
19、orld that are as our definition state sponsors of terrorists, you say to those countries: we are serious about terrorism, were serious about you not supporting terrorism on your own soil. The linguist and cultural critic John McWhorter cites these excerpts in his new book. They not only are typical
20、of speeches made in Congress on both occasions, he argues, but also provide a vivid illustration of just how much the language of public discourse has deteriorated.Riddled with sentence fragments, run-ons and colloquialisms like “go at,“ Senator Brownbacks speech is still intelligible, but in Mr. Mc
21、Whorters view, it is emblematic of a creeping casualness that is largely to the nations detriment.“We in America now are an anomaly,“ Mr. McWhorter said over lunch at a restaurant in Midtown Manhattan this week. “We have very little sense of English as something to be dressed up. Its just this thing
22、 that comes out of our mouths. We just talk. “Mr. McWhorter, 38, a professor of linguistics at the University of California at Berkeley, is hardly the first to complain about Americans brazen disregard for their native tongue. But unlike many others, he says, the problem is not an epidemic of bad gr
23、ammar.As a linguist, he says, he knows that grammatical rules are arbitrary and that in casual conversation people have never abided by them. Rather, he argues, the fault lies with the collapse of the distinction between the written and the oral. Where formal, well-honed English was once de rigueur
24、in public life, he argues, it has all but disappeared, supplanted by the indifferent cadences of speech and ultimately impairing our ability to think.This bleak assessment notwithstanding, Mr. McWhorter, an intense, confident and-perhaps not surprisingly-loquacious man is not a curmudgeon or a fuddy
25、-duddy. Nor, for that matter, a nerd, despite a resume that bristles with intellectual precociousness.Self-taught in 12 languages-including Russian, Swedish, Swahili, Arabic and Hebrew, which he initially took up as a Philadelphia preschooler when he was 4-he is a respected expert in Creole language
26、s.A college graduate at 19 and a tenured professor at 33, he has published seven previous books, including the controversial, best seller, “Losing the Race: Self-Sabotage in Black America“, in which he accused middle-class blacks of embracing anti-intellectualism and a cult of victimology. An Africa
27、n-American who is an outspoken critic of affirmative action, welfare and reparations, he has aroused the ire of many liberals and earned a reputation as a conservative.（分数：3.00）(1).In John McWhorters view, the speech made by Senator Sam Brownback in Congress is an example of _ public discourse.（分数：1
28、.00）A.war-timeB.politicalC.criticalD.deteriorated(2).According to the passage, John McWhorter seems to mainly suggest that_.（分数：1.00）A.formal language should be used in public speechesB.people should abide by grammar rules when they talkC.Americans should think as much as they can before they start
29、to talkD.African-Americans should not treat themselves as victims of a cult(3).The following adjectives can be applied to John McWhorter EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.garrulousB.ill-temperedC.intellectualD.conservativeBTEXT B/BIt is over five hundred years since Columbus “discovered“ America. The celebration o
30、f the anniversary has at least produced one benefit. It has so effectively focused on the worldwide problem of the rights of aboriginal peoples. Developments in America demonstrate: the problem more clearly than anywhere else. This was a whole continent, the population of which in Columbuss day may
31、have numbered as many as 100 million. Today only a fraction of these Indian peoples survive, and any truly Indian culture can only be found isolated in small pockets. Why was the Indian culture less able than others to resist the European pressure? Any processes elsewhere resembling the one in Ameri
32、ca have only taken place in more marginal areas of the world. Such processes are complex, and this is not the place for a more detailed analysis. What is clear, however, is that at certain times and in certain places we are confronted by a different force from infectious diseases and mortality or th
33、e haphazard outcome of wars and rapacity, and that is the systemic “ethnic cleansing“ of the aboriginal population-better known as genocide. There is a most urgent need to define the rights of aboriginal peoples and to respect those rights in a manner which makes it possible to live in peace and mut
34、ual understanding. To succeed in this, we need people like Turn. For this Committee it was a happy coincidence that it was precisely in the year of Columbus that she emerged as such a strong candidate for this Prize.Tum chose to dedicate herself to political and social work for her people. She tells
35、 us in her autobiography what a difficult choice it was not to have a family. She was engaged, she tells us, and felt an obligation to the ancestral principle of seeking happiness not only for oneself but for ones family. A threat of ethnic cleansing of course lends extra weight to such an obligatio
36、n. But she chose otherwise. She became an active member of the CUC. Then she participated in the founding of the organisation called the Revolutionary Christians. “We understood“ revolutionary in the real meaning of the word: transformation. If I had chosen the armed struggle, I would be in the moun
37、tains now.“ Owing to her political activity, she has had to spend twelve years in exile in Mexico.In her book A Strategy for Peace, the Swedish-American moral philosopher Sissela Bok describes what she calls the “pathology of partisanship“, or the brutalizing effect of the use of violence. Whoever c
38、ommits acts of violence will lose his humanity. Thus, violence breeds violence and hate breeds hate. She quotes the English poet Stephen Spender, who experienced this process in himself when he took part in the Spanish Civil War “It was clear to me that unless I cared about every murdered child impa
39、rtially, I did not care about children being murdered at all.“ But how can one break out of the vicious circle of the pathology of partisanship? It is easy enough to keep out and call for non-violence or an end to hatred when one is not oneself confronted with the blind violence of the other side. N
40、or is it indeed our responsibility to judge or to condemn in such cases. What we can do, however, is to point to the shining individual examples of people who manage to preserve their humanity in brutal and violent surroundings, of persons who for that very reason compel our special respect and admi
41、ration. Such people give us a hope that there are ways out of the vicious circle.Tums autobiography is an extraordinary human document. It describes cruelty in sober and matter-of-fact terms. Its driving force is moral indignation. In some connections, she also mentions her hatred of those responsib
42、le for the violence and repression. But at the same time, the account reflects a disarming humanity. Almost gaily, she notes funny little concrete details in an otherwise ruthless existence; with love, she describes Indian customs. I know no better example of her disarming attitude than her descript
43、ion here in Oslo last year of her meeting with Colonel Roderigues: “We greeted each other and exchanged a few words. The man who killed my mother congratulated me on my nomination for this Prize and called it a national honour. I realised then that at bottom we are all human beings. It was like meet
44、ing a distant acquaintance. I had a feeling of calm as I spoke to him.“It is stupid to meet the world with too much trust, but even more stupid to meet it with too little. The goal of Tums work, as she has said on many occasions, is reconciliation and peace. She knows, better than most, that the fou
45、ndations for future reconciliation are laid in the manner in which one conducts ones struggle. Even in the most brutal situations, one must retain ones faith that there is a minimum of human feelings in all of us. Turn preserved that faith, it is with the deepest respect and in admiration of her eff
46、orts that the Committee today awards her the Prize.（分数：5.00）(1).The passage indicates that the major reason for the unusual decline of the Indian culture is_.（分数：1.00）A.its isolation from other culturesB.the influence of infectious diseasesC.the result of avarice and cupidityD.the genocide of the In
47、dian people(2).According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.Turn has never hated Colonel Roderigues.B.We have not well protected the rights of aboriginal peoples.C.Turn was engaged but did not get married.D.Stephen Spender understood the brutalizing effect of wa
48、r.(3).The author thinks that one way to break out of the vicious circle of the pathology of partisanship is to_.（分数：1.00）A.end hatred when one is not the victim of violenceB.condemn blind instances of violence or brutalityC.preserve ones humanity even in brutal situationsD.meet the world with as much trust as possible(4).Turn is an advocate of all the following EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.human rightsB.armed struggleC.non-violenceD.reconciliation(5).It can be inferred from the passage that T
