1、专业八级-258 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BOral Presentation/B One of the ways that teachers use to involve their students more actively in the learning process isU (1) /Useminars. In a seminar, students are expected to give oral presentations. There are two main stages
2、involved in presenting a seminar paper. One is theU (2) /Ustage; the other is the presentation stage. In the latter stage you can do this byU (3) /Ucopies of the paper in advance to all the participants, if possible. Otherwise the paper will have to be read aloud to the group. When you use the first
3、 method, you must not simply read the whole paper aloud because: 1. if the paper is fairly long, there may not be enough time forU (4) /U. 2. there may heU (5) /Uof comprehension when one is listening. 3. it can be veryU (6) /Ulistening to something being read aloud, To make your oral presentation c
4、lear and easy to understand, you must follow several things. Decide on aU (7) /Ufor your talk. Deliver your speech slowly. Concentrate on the main points. Speak from theU (8) /U, Provide thinking time before and after each important new item by pausing,U (9) /Uand using filler words, look at your au
5、dience while you are speaking. Make a strongU (10) /Uby repeating your main points briefly.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Which of the following about BBC in NOT correct?（分数：1.00）A.The initials BBC stand for British Br
6、oadcasting Corporation.B.Its a public corporation.C.The government cant control it.D.There are some advertising on it.(2).ITV gets its money from _.（分数：1.00）A.investmentsB.the TV licensesC.advertisementsD.the government(3).According to the conversation, what does the Open University refer to?（分数：1.0
7、0）A.The university broadcasts on both BBC and ITV.B.The university for people who ye never been to university.C.The university for people who have got a chance to go to university.D.The university run in the open fields.(4).Which of the following is not a reason for the mans not going to the cinema?
8、（分数：1.00）A.It costs money.B.He watches only news programmes.C.Its a lot more trouble going out than staying at home.D.He only likes old films.(5).According to the man if you watch football on TV rather than go to the match, _.（分数：1.00）A.you feel the importance of the occasionB.you dont lose any of t
9、he atmosphereC.you get a better view of the gameD.you feel as good as in real life三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).Which of the following words can best describe this years celebration?（分数：1.00）A.Extravagant.B.Formal.C.Dull.D.Toned-down.(2).Which of the following categories was voted online?（分数：1.00
10、）A.Favorite motion picture actress.B.Favorite new TV series.C.Favorite comedy drama.D.Favorite new drama.(3).Faith Hill was _.（分数：1.00）A.a named favorite musicianB.the favorite motion picture actorC.the favorite dramatic actorD.the favorite comic actorIQuestions 9 and 10 are based on the following n
11、ews. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).Where was the prison located?（分数：1.00）A.In the southern state of Tumailimo.B.In the mining town of Tumailimo.C.In the jungles southeast of Caracas.D.To kilometers southeast o
12、f Caracas.(2).According to the news, which of the following is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.The injured people have been taken to the prison hospital for medical treatment.B.The clash broke out when the prisoners were eating breakfast.C.The riot was caused by rivalry between inmates and police.D.Dozens of people
13、 have been killed or wounded in the riot.四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BBermard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration becomes the organizi
14、ng principle for rewriting the history of preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate propositions.The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World was simply a “natural spillover“. Although at
15、first the colonise held little positive attraction for the English - they would rather have stayed home - by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used to flourish i
16、n America history textbooks, there was never a typical New World community. For example, the economic and demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably.Bailyns third preposition suggests two general patterns prevailing among the many thousands migrants: one group came as inden
17、tured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who came to preindustrial North America. At tint,
18、thousands of unskilled laborers were recruited; by the 1730s, however, American employers demanded skilled artisans.Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-Am
19、erican empire. But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, where the settlers created
20、effective laws, built a distinguished university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North American culture.Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some tho
21、usands of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he fails to link their experience with the political development of the United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the period
22、 during which they had sold their time to American employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that a peculiarly American political cult
23、ure began, among colonists who were suspicious of authority and intensely antiaristocratic.（分数：4.00）(1).The author of the passage states that Bailyn failed to _.（分数：1.00）A.give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political interdependence of the colonies and EnglandB.take advantage of social res
24、earch on the experiences of colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to acquire landC.relate the experience of the migrants to the political values that eventually shaped the character of the United StatesD.investigate the lives of Europeans before they came to colonial North Am
25、erica to determine more adequately their motivations for migrating(2).According to the passage; Bailyn and the author agree on which of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England?（分数：1.00）A.High culture of New England never equaled the high culture of England.B.The colonists
26、imitated the high culture of England, and did not develop a culture that was uniquely their own.C.The Southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high culture of New England.D.New England communities were able to create laws and build a university, but unable to create anything innovative in th
27、e arts.(3).The author of the passage is primarily concerned with _.（分数：1.00）A.comparing several current interpretations of early American historyB.suggesting that new social research on migration should lead to revisions in current interpretations of early American historyC.refuting an argument abou
28、t early American history that has been proposed by social historiansD.discussing a reinterpretation of early American history that is based on new social research on migration(4).The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about Bailyns work?（分数：1.0
29、0）A.Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North American culture.B.Bailyns description of the colonies as part of an Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect.C.Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group of migrants to colonial North America.D.Bailyn overemp
30、hasizes the experiences of migrants to the New England colonies, and neglects the southern and the western parts of the New England.BTEXT B/BThere is a great concern in Europe and North America about declining standards of literacy in schools. In Britain, the fact that 30 percent of 16 year old have
31、 a reading age of 14 or less has helped to prompt massive educational changes. The development of literacy has far-reaching effects on general intellectual development and thus anything which impedes the development of literacy is a serious matter for us all. So the hunt is on for the cause of the d
32、ecline in literacy. The search so far has forced on socioeconomic factors, or the effectiveness of “traditional“ versus “modem“ teaching techniques.The fruitless search for the cause of the increase in illiteracy is a tragic example of the saying “They cant see the wood for the trees“. When teachers
33、 use picture books, they are simply continuing a long-establisbed tradition that is accepted without question. And for the past two decades, illustrations in reading primers have become increasingly detailed and obtrusive, while language has become impoverished - sometimes to the point of extinction
34、.Amazingly, there is virtually no empirical evidence to support the use of illustrations in teaching reading. On the contrary, a great deal of empirical evidence shows that pictures interfere in a damaging way with all aspects of learning to read. Despite this, from North America to the Antipodes, t
35、he first books that many school children receive are totally without text.A teachers main concern is to help young beginning readers to develop not only the ability to recognize words, but the skills necessary to understand what these words mean. Even if a child is able to read aloud fluently, he or
36、: she may not be able to understand much of it: this is called “barking at text“. The teachers task of improving comprehension is made harder by influences outside the classroom. But the adverse effects of such things as television, video games, or limited language experiences at home, can be offset
37、 by experiencing “rich“ language at school.Instead, it is not unusual for a book of 30 or more pages to have only one sentence full of repetitive phrases. The artwork is often marvellous, but the pictures make the language redundant, and the children have no need to imagine anything when they read s
38、uch books. Looking at a picture actively prevents children younger than nine from creating a mental image, and can make it difficult for older children. In order to learn how to comprehend, they need to practise making their own meaning in response to text. They need to have their innate powers of i
39、magination trained.As they grow older, many children turn aside from books without pictures, and it is a situation made more serious as our culture becomes more visual. It is hard to wean children off picture books when pictures have played a major part throughout their formative reading experiences
40、, and when there is competition for their attention from so many other sources of entertainment. The least intelligent are most vulnerable, but tests show that even intelligent children are being affected. The response of educators has been to extend use of pictures in books and to simplify the lang
41、uage, even at senior levels. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge recently held joint conferences to discuss the noticeably rapid decline in literacy among their undergraduates.Pictures are also used to help motivate children to read because they are beautiful and eye-catching. But motivation to
42、 read should be provided by listening to stories well read, where children imagine in response to the story. Then, as they start to read, they have this experience to help them understand the language. If we present pictures to save children the trouble of developing these creative skills, then I th
43、ink we are making a great mistake.Academic journals ranging from educational research, psychology, language learning, psycholinguistics, and so on cite experiments which demonstrate how detrimental pictures are for beginner readers. Here is a brief selection:The research results of the Canadian educ
44、ationalist Dalt Willows were clear and consistent pictures affected speed and accuracy and the closer the pictures were to the words, the slower and more inaccurate the childs reading became. She claims that when children come to a word they already know, then the pictures are unnecessary and distra
45、cting. If they do now know a word and look to the pictures which are not closely related to the meaning of the word they are trying to understand.Jay Samuels, an American psychologist, found that poor readers given no pictures learnt significanfly more words than those learning to read with books wi
46、th pictures. He examined the work of other researchers who reported problems with the use of pictures and who had found that a word without a picture was superior to a word plus a picture. When children were given words and pictures, those who seemed to ignore the pictures and pointed at the words t
47、han children who pointed at the pictures, but they still learnt fewer words than the children who had no illustrated stimuli at all.（分数：4.00）(1).Readery are said to “bark“ at a text when _.（分数：1.00）A.they read too loudlyB.there are too many repetitive wordsC.they are discouraged from using their ima
48、ginationD.they have difficulty assessing its meaning(2).The text suggests that _.（分数：1.00）A.pictures in books should be less detailedB.pictures can slow down reading progressC.picture books are best used with younger readersD.pictures make modern books too expensive(3).University academics are concerned because _.（分数：1.00）A.young people are showing less interest in higher educationB.students cannot understand modem academic textsC.academic books are too childish for their undergraduatesD.there has been a significant change in
