1、专业八级-235 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It is a timeworn sign of old age and frailty. Yet arthritis often (1)_ the young. (1) _ This disease of the body also has a (2)_ impact on the mind. (2) _ “got very (3)_ I couldnt sleep. (3) _ When pain is (4)_ like that, it chan
2、ges your personality. (4) _ And it affected everyone around me, “ says Nora Baldner, who had arthritis in both hips. “I“ d pour (5)_ milk on my kids cereal because I didnt want to walk to the back of the supermarket where the real milk was.“ (5) _ Joint problems are now hurting and crippling 43 mill
3、ion Americans, and theyre more (6)_ than cancer or diabetes. (6) _ The most common form, osteoarthritis, affects about 21 million. Rheumatoid arthritis, another common type, hits slightly more than 2 million. (There are 95 or so other forms, often affecting fewer people.) And the numbers are going u
4、p (7)_. (7) _ By 2025, the total is expected to top (8)_ million, (8) _ as an obese population pounds more heavily on its joints and an active generation of baby (9) _ grinds them down. (9) _ Whats worse, these people will be fighting the disease without medicines that had become staples of treatmen
5、t: The drugs Vioxx and Bextra have just been yanked off the market because they appear to (10)_ the risk of heart disease, (10) _ and that same shadow of fear has been cast over remaining drugs like Celebrex and even ibuprofena medicine that had already worded doctors because heavy use can cause ble
6、eding in the stomach.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).According to Wolfensohn, they are going to make a needs assessment with their colleagues from（分数：1.00）A.the Asian Development Bank, the EU, Japan, and the United Stat
7、esB.the Asian Development Bank, the U.S, Japan, and the United NationsC.the Asian Development Bank, the UN, Japan and the United StatesD.the Asian Development Bank, the UN, Japan, and the United Kingdoms(2).What is the specific role of the World Bank right now?（分数：1.00）A.To call the community to don
8、ate more money after emergency takes placeB.To provide financial help after the emergency takes placeC.To be ready with emergent financial crisisD.To be ready for the financial needs of the community(3).Why Wasnt there a better early-warning system for the natural disaster, like the tsunamis?（分数：1.0
9、0）A.Because people were not afraid of thatB.Because tsunamis never happens in Indian OceanC.It would cost too much moneyD.It was difficult for the people in Indian Ocean region to expect such an experience(4).Stephanopoulos pointed out that the number of todays natural disasters is about _. times mo
10、re than that of the 1960s.（分数：1.00）A.2B.3C.4D.5(5).What can you learn from the interview?（分数：1.00）A.Kofi Annan said this was going to be a five-to-ten year effort costing 250 million dollarsB.Human is spending nine hundred billion dollars a year on military expenditure.C.Wolfensohn called people to
11、stop spend money on military expenditureD.Wolfensohn believed that the poverty would never be relieved三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).How many school districts and the National Education Association criticize the law?（分数：1.00）A.threeB.sixC.nineD.four(2).What was Utahs response?（分数：1.00）A.It voted t
12、o approved the lawB.It voted to submit to the federal education reform law when conflict happenedC.It voted to quit its own education reform planD.It voted to place top importance on its own school performance systemIQuestion 8 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you
13、 will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen to the news./I（分数：3.00）(1).What is the favorite drink in Ireland?（分数：1.00）A.coffeeB.stoutC.brandyD.fresh milk(2).Which is the focal point for life in the village?（分数：1.00）A.discothequesB.cinemaplexesC.churchD.pub(3).Whic
14、h of the following sentence is wrong about Mayo and village life in Ireland?（分数：1.00）A.Mayo is a very wild county.B.In villages around Ireland coming to the pub is a primary entertainment.C.Its very easy for you to feel part of the crowd.D.Because of the wild environment, you should go to bed early
15、at night.四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BIn place of the king, two chief executives were chosen annually by the whole body of citizens. These were known as praetors, or leaders, but later received the title of consuls. The participation of a colleague in the exercise of supreme power and th
16、e limitation of the tenure to one year prevented the chief magistrate from becoming autocratic. The character of the Senate was altered by the enrollment of plebeian members, known as conscripti, and hence the official designation of the senators thereafter was patres conscripti (conscript fathers).
17、 As yet, only patricians were eligible for the magistracies, and the discontent of the plebs led to a violent struggle between the two orders and the gradual removal of the social and political disabilities under which the plebs had labored.In 494 BC a secession of plebeian soldiers led to the insti
18、tution of the tribuni plebis, who were elected annually as protectors of the plebs; they had the power to veto the acts of patrician magistrates, and thus served as the leaders of the plebs in the struggles with the patricians. The appointment of the decemvirate, a commission of ten men, in 451 BC r
19、esulted in the drawing up of a famous code of laws. In 445 BC, under the Canuleian law, marriages between patricians and members of the plebs were declared legally valid. By the Licinian-Sextian laws, passed in 367 BC, it was provided that one of the two consuls should thenceforth be plebeian. The o
20、ther magistracies were gradually opened to the plebs: in 356 BC the dictatorship, an extraordinary magistracy, the incumbent of which was appointed in times of great danger; in 350 BC, the censorship; in 337 BC, the praetorship; and in 300 BC, the pontifical and augural colleges.These political chan
21、ges gave rise to a new aristocracy, composed of patrician and wealthy plebeian families, and admission to the Senate became almost the hereditary privilege of these families. The Senate, which had originally possessed little administrative power, became a powerful governing body, dealing with matter
22、s of war and peace, foreign alliances, the founding of colonies, and the handling of the state finances. The rise of this new nobilitas brought to an end the struggles between the two orders, but the position of the poorer plebeian families was not improved, and the marked contrast between the condi
23、tions of the rich and the poor led to struggles in the later Republic between the aristocratic party and the popular party.The external history of Rome during this period was chiefly military. Rome had acquired the leadership of Latium before the close of the regal period. Assisted by their allies,
24、the Romans fought wars against the Etruscans the Volscians, and the Aequians. The military policy of Rome became more aggressive in the 60 years between 449 and 390 BC. The defeat of the Romans at Allia and the capture and burning of Rome by the Gauls under the leadership of the chieftain Brennus in
25、 3.90 BC were great disasters, but their effect was temporary. The capture of the Etruscan city of Veii in 396 BC by the soldier and statesman Marcus Furius Camillus spelled the beginning of the end for Etruscan independence. Other Etruscan cities hastened to make peace, and by the middle of the 4th
26、 century BC all southern Etruria was kept in check by Roman garrisons and denationalized by an influx of Roman colonists. Victories over the Volscians, the Latins, and the Hernicans gave the Romans control of central Italy and brought them into conflict with the Samnites of southern Italy, who were
27、defeated in a series of three wars, extending from 343 to 290 BC. A revolt of the Latins and Volscians was put down, and in 338 BC the Latin League, a long-established confederation of the cities of Latium, was dissolved. A powerful coalition was at this time formed against Rome, consisting of Etrus
28、cans, Umbrians, and Gauls in the north, and of Lucanians, Bruttians, and Samnites in the south; this coalition endangered the power of Rome, but the northern confederacy was defeated in 283 BC and the southern states soon after.（分数：5.00）(1).Which one is not true about the magistrate?（分数：1.00）A.It wa
29、s difficult for the chief magistrate to become a dictatorB.Any Roman had the chance to become the magistrateC.The plebs couldnt hold the post of magistrateD.Magistrates power was limited(2).In 450 BC, the plebs_（分数：1.00）A.had their own magistrateB.were allowed to marry the patriciansC.must obey the
30、famous Licinian-Sextian lawD.had their own leaders who could veto the acts of the nobles(3).The political changes led to_（分数：1.00）A.new governing componentsB.a more powerful senateC.the appearance of two different partiesD.all of the above(4).According to the last paragraph, we know that_（分数：1.00）A.
31、the history of Rome in this period was marked with internal conflictsB.Rome was invincible in this periodC.Gauls ended the prosperity of RomeD.some Etruscan cities were frightened by Romes victory(5).Which one is in the central Italy?（分数：1.00）A.VolsciansB.SamnitesC.UmbriansD.Bruttians,BTEXT B/BParis
32、: Thanks to a French insurance company, brides and bridegrooms with cold feet no longer face financial disaster from a canceled wedding. For a small premium, they can take out a policy protecting them from love gone away or anything else that threatens to rain on their big day.Despite Frances econom
33、ic woes, the amount of money spent on weddings is rising 5-10 per cent a year. And people in the Paris region now dish out an average of 60,000 francs on tying the knot. But life is unpredictable and non-refundable, so French insurers have stepped in to ease the risk, finding their own little niche
34、in the business of love. They join colleagues in Britain, where insurers say wedding cancellation policies have been around for about a decade.About 5 per cent of insured weddings there never make it to the altar. Indeed, better safe than sorry. “Obviously there are some who are superstitious, but i
35、n general people like the idea,“ said Jacqueline Loeb, head of a Parisian insurance company.In the past six weeks, she has sold 15 policies at a premium of about 3 per cent of the amount a client wants to be insured for.These careful customers, she said, have included a man who was worded his fiance
36、e would have an allergic attack on her wedding day and a woman whose future mother-in-law was gravely ill.The policy covers those and other nuptial impediments: an accident that forces a cancellation of a Wedding, an unexpected change of venue for the reception, damage caused at it, and even honeymo
37、ons that dont happen. As for the ultimate deal-breaker, cold feet, they are also insured-but only until eight days before the ceremony. British insurers, however, said they wouldnt touch that clause with a stick. Steve Warner, sales director of Insure Expo-Sure in London, says the six policies he se
38、lls each week in the wedding season protect against things like damaged wedding dresses, illness and death, but not changes of heart.“ Disinclination to marry is not covered,“ he said. Ms Loed, who says hers is the only French agency offering wedding policies, said she started the service last Decem
39、ber.A chateau outside Paris that hosts receptions was taking a beating from last-minute cancellations, and approached Ms Loed to see if there wash t some way of protecting itself. She obliged, then started advertising with caterers and wedding departments in large department stores, and the idea has
40、 taken off nicely. “We respond to a need,“ she said.（分数：4.00）(1).Whats the main purpose of the passage?（分数：1.00）A.To thank a French insurance company for what has been done.B.To explain how a French insurance company works.C.To tell brides and bridegrooms what to do before getting married.D.To ask h
41、usband and wife-to-be to take out an insurance policy.(2).The cost for people in the Paris region on weddings last year was probably_.（分数：1.00）A.50,000 francsB.57,000 francsC.60,000 francsD.63,000 francs(3).The policy covers the following EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.unwillingness of marriageB.suspension of h
42、oneymoonC.changes of place for weddingD.sudden death(4).“About 5 per cent of insured weddings there never make it to the altar.“ The sentence implies 5 per cent of insured couples_.（分数：1.00）A.failed to go to the churchB.didnt change the place for weddingC.didnt get married at allD.didnt hold the wed
43、ding ceremony in a churchBTEXT C/BThere is a great concern in Europe and North America about declining standards of literacy in schools. In Britain, the fact that 30 percent of 16 year olds have a reading age of 14 or less has helped to prompt massive educational changes. The development of literacy
44、 has far-reaching effects on general intellectual development and thus anything that impedes the development of literacy is a serious matter for us all. So the hunt is on for the cause of the decline in literacy. The search so far has forced on socioeconomic factors, or the effectiveness of“ traditi
45、onal“ versus“ modem“ teaching techniques. The fruitless march for the cause of the increase in illiteracy is a tragic example of the saying“ They cant see the wood for the trees“. When teachers use picture books, they are simply continuing a long-established tradition that is accepted without questi
46、on. And for the past two decades illustrations in reading primers have become increasingly detailed and obtrusive, while language has become impoverishedsometimes to the point of extinction. Amazingly, there is virtually no empirical evidence to support the use of illustrations in teaching reading.
47、On the contrary, a great deal of empirical evidence shows that pictures interfere in a damaging way with all aspects of learning to read. Despite this, from North America to the Antipodes, the first books that many school children receive are totally without text. A teachers main concern is to help
48、young beginner readers to develop not only the ability to recognize words, but the skills necessary to understand what these words mean. Even if a child is able to read aloud fluently, he or she may not be able to understand much of it: this is called“ barking at text“. The teachers takes of improving comprehension is made harder by influences outside the classroom. But the adverse effects of such things as television, video games, or limited language experiences at home, can be offset by experiencing “ri
