1、专业八级-1 及答案解析(总分：98.98，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：4，分数：19.00)BEducation out of school/B. The origin of “Youth Hostel“:A German schoolmaster started the idea of “Youth Hostel“ in 1907. - - turnedhis little schoolhouse into a (1)_ for young peoples summer holidays. (1) _. The current use of “Youth
2、 Hostel“:A. Admission and price: show their (2)_ in a hostel organization; use (2) _the facilities for a (3)_ price. (3) _B. “Hostelling“:The young from different countries meet together in Youth Hostels.They learn a lot from those of other countries.“Hostelling has become of a form of (4)_ educatio
3、n ns useful ns (4) _classes in school.Today, hostels are considered important for (5)_ -the young with (5) _a first-hand contact with youths of other lands. (6)_ work: (6) _A. Young people serve at a (7)_ without pay during their summer holidays. (7) _B. They also see the (8)_, meet people and have
4、discussions. (8) _C. They come to (9)_ a community, building community centers, (9) _organizing clubs, etc.D. They often work (10)_ and the locals become interested in helping (10) _themselves.（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_SECTION BQuest
5、ions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：4.98）(1).The Knowledge mentioned in the interview is -|_|-.（分数：0.83）A.a test about the traffic rules and the routes taxi driv
6、ers will run in LondonB.the law on taxis in LondonC.a test about the routes taxi drivers will run in six-mile radius in LondonD.a driving test(2).How much lime does it take Jack to learn the Knowledge?（分数：0.83）A.9 months.B.19 months.C.2 to 3 years.D.3 years.(3).Which of the following statements is T
7、RUE?（分数：0.83）A.The taxi has to be thoroughly examined and repaired every year.B.In London taxi-drivers take the Knowledge test instead of a driving test.C.The license is annually renewed.D.The law on taxi in London is more or less the same as in other places.(4).Jack sees himself as a Londoner becau
8、se -|_|-.（分数：0.83）A.he has been in London a lot longerB.he has got a typical London Cockney accentC.he was born in LondonD.he enjoys being a taxi driver in London(5).The interview is mainly about -|_|-.（分数：0.83）A.the laws on taxis in LondonB.the life of Jack, a taxi driver in LondonC.how to be a tax
9、i driver in LondonD.body-building in London_IQuestions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).What is the purpose of Pope John Pauls visit to Germany?（分数：1.00）A.To solve the conf
10、lict between Church and Germany.B.To defend the churchs role during the Hitler regime.C.To relax his opposition to birth control.D.To ease the historic division between Catholics and Protestants.(2).How many Catholics in Germany signed a petition last year to relax the Popes opposition to birth-cont
11、rol?（分数：1.00）A.One million.B.Ten thousand.C.One thousand.D.One hundred.IQuestions 9 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).What will probably happen to the British diplomat in Cong
12、o Kinshasa?（分数：1.00）A.He will be expelled from Congo.B.He will be released immediately.C.He will be serving many years of imprisonment in Congo.D.He will be detained in a police station if he doesnt admit his spying activities.(2).What did Britain do after its diplomat was arrested?（分数：1.00）A.It app
13、ealed to neighboring countries for help.B.It threatened economic restriction against Congo, Kinshasa.C.It called for the Congolese government to release its personnel.D.It called for the Congolese government to guarantee the safety of its embassy personnel.二、BPART READING (总题数：7，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BTh
14、e main idea of these business-school academics is appealing. In a world where companies must adapt to new technologies and source of competition, it is much harder than it used to be to offer good employees job security and an opportunity to climb the corporate ladder. Yet it is also more necessary
15、than ever for employees to invest in better skills and sparkle with bright ideas. How can firms get the most out of people ff they can no longer offer them protection and promotion?Many bosses would love to have an answer. Sumantra Ghoshal of the London Business School and Christopher Bartlett of th
16、e Harvard Business School think they have one: “Employability.“ If managers offer the right of training and guidance, and change their attitude towards their underlings, they will be able to reassure their employees that they will always have the skills and experience to find a good jobeven ff it is
17、 with a different company.Unfortunately, they promise more than they deliver. Their thoughts on what an ideal organization should accomplish are hard to quarrel with: encourage people to be creative, make sure the gains from creativity are shared with the pains of the business that can make the must
18、 of them, keep the organization from getting stale and so forth. The real disappointment comes when they attempt to show how firms might actually create such an environment. At its nub is the notion that companies can attain their elusive goals by changing their implicit contract with individual wor
19、kers, and treating them as a source of value rather than a cog in a machine.The authors offer a few inspiring example of companiesthey include Motorola, 3M and ABBthat have managed to go some way towards mating such organizations. But they offer little useful guidance on how to go about it, and leav
20、e the biggest questions unanswered, How do you continuously train people, without diverting them from their everyday job of making the business more profitable? How do you train people to be successful elsewhere while still encouraging them to make big commitments to your own firm? How do you get yo
21、ur newly liberated employees to spend their time on ideas that create value, and not simply on those they enjoy? Must of their answers are platitudinous, and when they are not they are unconvincing.（分数：5.00）(1).We can infer from the passage that in the past an employee _.（分数：1.00）A.had job security
22、and opportunity of promotionB.had to compete with each other to keep his jobC.had to undergo training all the timeD.had no difficulty climbing the corporate ladder(2).What does the writer of this passage think of the ideas of Ghoshal and Bartlett?（分数：1.00）A.Very instructive.B.Very inspiring.C.Hard t
23、o implement.D.Quite harsh.(3).In their work, Ghoshal and Bartlett discuss（分数：1.00）A.changes in business organizationsB.contracts between employers and employeesC.employment situationD.management ideas(4).This passage seems to be a(n) _（分数：1.00）A.book reviewB.advertisementC.news reportD.research pape
24、r(5).According to Chritopher Bartlett what will improve “employability“?（分数：1.00）A.Ability to lay out ones talents to employers.B.Skills and knowledge accumulated from school education.C.Training opportunity and guidance offered by company.D.Being creative and ready to share collective wisdom.1.BTEX
25、T B/BLanguages will continue to diverge. Even if English were to become the universal language, it would still take many different forms. Indeed the same could happen to English as has happened to Chinese: a language of intellectuals which doesnt vary hugely alongside a large number of variants used
26、 by local peoples.We will continue to teach other languages in some form, and not just for reasons of practicality. Learning a language is good for your mental health; it forces you to understand another cultural and intellectual system. So I hope British education will develop a more rational appro
27、ach to the foreign languages available to students in line with their political importance. Because so many people believe its no longer important to know another language, I fear that time devoted to language teaching in schools may well continue to decline. But you can argue that learning another
28、language well is more taxing than, say, learning to play chess wellit involves sensitivity to a set of complicated rules, and also to context.Technology will certainly make a difference to the use of foreign languages. Computers may, for instance, alleviate the drudgery that a vast translation repre
29、sents. But no one who has seen a computer translation will think it can substitute for knowledge of the different languages. A machine will always be behind the times. Still more important is the fact that no computer will ever get at the associations beyond the words associations that may not be ex
30、pressed but which carry much of the meaning. In languages like Arabic that context is very important. Languages come with heavy cultural baggage tooin French or German if you missed the cultural references behind a word youre very likely to be missing the meaning. It will be very hard to teach all t
31、hat to a computer.All the predictions are that English will be spoken by a declining proportion of the worlds population in the 21st century. I dont think foreign languages will really become less important, but they might be perceived to beand that would in the end be a very bad thing._BTEXT B/BLan
32、guages will continue to diverge. Even if English were to become the universal language, it would still take many different forms. Indeed the same could happen to English as has happened to Chinese: a language of intellectuals which doesnt vary hugely alongside a large number of variants used by loca
33、l peoples.We will continue to teach other languages in some form, and not just for reasons of practicality. Learning a language is good for your mental health; it forces you to understand another cultural and intellectual system. So I hope British education will develop a more rational approach to t
34、he foreign languages available to students in line with their political importance. Because so many people believe its no longer important to know another language, I fear that time devoted to language teaching in schools may well continue to decline. But you can argue that learning another language
35、 well is more taxing than, say, learning to play chess wellit involves sensitivity to a set of complicated rules, and also to context.Technology will certainly make a difference to the use of foreign languages. Computers may, for instance, alleviate the drudgery that a vast translation represents. B
36、ut no one who has seen a computer translation will think it can substitute for knowledge of the different languages. A machine will always be behind the times. Still more important is the fact that no computer will ever get at the associations beyond the words associations that may not be expressed
37、but which carry much of the meaning. In languages like Arabic that context is very important. Languages come with heavy cultural baggage tooin French or German if you missed the cultural references behind a word youre very likely to be missing the meaning. It will be very hard to teach all that to a
38、 computer.All the predictions are that English will be spoken by a declining proportion of the worlds population in the 21st century. I dont think foreign languages will really become less important, but they might be perceived to beand that would in the end be a very bad thing.（分数：5.00）(1).From the
39、 first paragraph we can infer that _.（分数：1.00）A.English is the universal languageB.Chinese would become the universal languageC.languages always take kinds of formsD.English has no variants, but Chinese does(2).Which of the following is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.If a language is not good for practicality, we
40、can drop it.B.We can understand another cultural and intellectual system by learning language.C.Time devoted to language teaching has never declined.D.We should spend more time in learning language than playing chess.(3).Why cant a computer translation substitute for knowledge of different languages
41、? Because _.（分数：1.00）A.computer can alleviate much drudgeryB.computer is always behind the timesC.computer cant get the inner meaning of wordsD.computer has no sensation(4).What does the author mean by “that would in the end be a very bad thing“ in the last paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.Less and leas people
42、will use English.B.Foreign languages will become less important.C.Foreign languages will be perceived less important.D.We must realize the importance of foreign languages.(5).Which of the following is the best title of the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Learning Foreign Languages.B.Language Continuing to Diverg
43、e.C.The Limitation of Technology in Learning Foreign Language.D.The Inner Meaning of Words.2.BTEXT C/BRewards and punishments are used in different ways by different communities to maintain social order and preserve cultural values. In all cultures, parents must teach their children to avoid danger
44、and to observe the communitys moral precepts. Adults also condition each others observance of social norms, using methods ranging from mild forms of censure, such as looking away when someone makes an inappropriate remark, to imprisoning or executing individuals for behavior considered deviant or da
45、ngerous. The caning of American teenager Michael Fay in Singapore for vandalism in 1994 brought wide media attention to cultural differences in the application of punishment. Faced with increasing violence at home, many Americans endorsed Singapores use of corporal punishment to maintain social orde
46、r. Was Fays punishment effective? Whether he subsequently avoids vandalism is unknown, but the punishment did apparently lead to his avoidance of Singaporewhich he left promptly.The operant techniques societies use to maintain social control vary in part with the dangers and threats that confront th
47、em. The Gusii of Kenya, with a history of tribal warfare, face threats not only from outsiders but also from natural forces, including wild animals. Gusii parents tend to rely more on punishment and fear than on rewards in conditioning appropriate social behavior in their children. Caning, food deprivation, and withdrawing shelter and protection are common forms of punishment.In contrast, the Mixtecans of Juxtlahuaca, Mexico, are a highly cohesive community, with little internal conflict, and social norms that encourage cooperation. Their social patterns appea
