1、专业八级-160 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/BIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling t
2、ask after the mini-lecture. 144ten the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes ,and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.BCharacteristics of a Bureaucracy/BPeople usually hold negative opinion towards
3、 bureaucracy, but according to Max Weber, bureaucracy has five characteristics, which entail both positive and negative influences on the society. BDivision of Labor/BSpecialized experts are employed in each position to perform specific tasks.Positive influence: becoming highly skilled and working w
4、ithU 1 /U 1. _.Negative influence:Trained incapacity: workers become so specialized that they develop blindspots and cannot noticeU 2 /U 2. _.Serious threat to the unemployed.Sex discrimination due to unnecessary distinctions between men and women.BHierarchy of Authority/BEach position is under supe
5、rvision of aU 3 /U 3. _.Positive influence: bringing women advantage at lower levels of bureaucracy.Negative influence: preventing women from being promoted to higher positionsWomen are viewed more asU 4 /Uthan as innovators, not aggressive enough 4. _.to serve in higher management posts. BWritten R
6、ules and Regulations/BAll the work in a bureaucracy is carried out in accordance to specific rules and regulations.Positive influence: EnsuringU 5 /Uof every task. 5. _.Offering employees clear job performance standards.Creating a sense ofU 6 /Uin a bureaucracy. 6. _.Negative influence: Leading to g
7、oal displacement, i.e. rules becomingmore important than achieving certain objective.U 7 /U 7. _.Duty is carried out without personal consideration of people as individuals.Positive influence: ensuringU 8 /Uof each person 8. _.Negative influence: leading to cold and uncaring feelings of modern organ
8、izationsBEmployment Based on Technical Qualifications/BHiring is based on technical qualifications, and performance is measured against specific standards.Positive influence:U 9 /Ucan be more open and fair. 9. _.Loyalty to the organization can be encouraged.Negative influence: talented people being
9、promoted continuous till they getto positionsU 10 /U 10. _.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct ans
10、wer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).How did Guinness World Records come into being?（分数：1.00）A.Guinness d
11、eveloped it by himself.B.Sir Hugh Beaver first asked Mcwhirter twins to develop it.C.It first developed in Ireland.D.Somebody called Guinness developed it.(2).According to the passage, back in the 1950s, how long did it take for the first Records book to be put together?（分数：1.00）A.5 months.B.6 month
12、s.C.12 months.D.32 months.(3).According to the passage, how many records are put in the Guinness World Records every year?（分数：1.00）A.50.B.40,000.C.3200.D.450.(4).The primary purpose of Guiness World Records is related to _.（分数：1.00）A.recreation and practical valuesB.recreation and reputationC.reputa
13、tion and TV programD.reputation and position(5).According to the passage, who is in charge of the selection of Guinness World Records ?（分数：1.00）A.Beijing Educational Press.B.Liaoning Educational Press.C.London Guinness World Record.D.Ireland Guinness World Record.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：5.00)In this
14、 section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.Questions 6 to 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given I0 seconds to answer each question.
15、Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).The governor has decided that _.（分数：1.00）A.schools should not use names like “redskins“B.schools can use names like “redskins“C.some names such as “redskins“ are derogatoryD.local schools should name their sports teams carefully(2).The governor vetoed the bill bec
16、ause he believed that the government _.（分数：1.00）A.has the duty to supervise names of sport teamsB.has the duty to help local schools choose proper namesC.should not be prejudiced to teams because of their namesD.should not deprive schools of the right to name their teamsQuestions 8 to 9 are based on
17、 the following news. At the end of the news item, you wilt be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).In the video, the British hostage _.（分数：1.00）A.assured his family members that he was safeB.asked the British government to save his lifeC.criticize the British
18、 government for not taking actionD.denounced those who captured him very bravely(2).According to this news, what has happened to the two American hostages captured at the same time?（分数：1.00）A.They are still very safe.B.They have been rescued by the US army.C.They have been killed.D.Nobody knows exac
19、tly what has happened to them.1. Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.Haiti has lost large numbers of people to a serious _.（分数：1.00）A.earthquakeB.hurricaneC.fireD.terrorist attack四、BPART
20、READING (总题数：2，分数：2.00)2.What is the major point that the author is making in the article?（分数：1.00）A.The Constitution, one of the greatest documents of the world, was written by fifty-five men of varying talents and backgrounds.B.The Constitution owes its greatness to the fact that it has never chan
21、ged in a changing world.C.The Constitution was written by many people working together cooperatively.D.The Constitution was written by many people, all of whom were thinkers of the highest order.3.Which of the following statements about the 55 men framing the Constitution is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.Alexande
22、r Hamilton was not among them.B.All of them were famous.C.All of them contributed much to the framing.D.George Washington and Benjamin Franklin were among them.五、BTEXT B/B(总题数：3，分数：3.00)4.What did President Clinton try to do during his trip to Moscow?（分数：1.00）A.To pacify the market.B.To make a speec
23、h on American economy.C.To intervene.D.To cooperate with Russian to pursue sustainable development.5.What is the Feds main concern according to Mr. Gramley?（分数：1.00）A.To provide liquidity to the market.B.To keep a close watch on Wall Street, if there is a stock market crash, it will lower interest r
24、ates.C.To observe the influence of a sliding market on consumer confidence and give a timely response.D.To prevent the stock market from sliding too much.6.Which of the following is the most appropriate title for this passage?（分数：1.00）A.Threat of Deflation in US.B.Economic Situation in US.C.Where US
25、 Economy is Heading.D.The Sign of Recession in US Economy.六、BTEXT C/B(总题数：3，分数：3.00)7.The best title for this passage is_.（分数：1.00）A.The Age of ReasonB.The Need for Independent ThinkingC.The Value of RefutationD.How People Think8.According to the author, it is always advisable to_.（分数：1.00）A.have op
26、inions which can not be refutedB.adopt the point of view to which he feels the most inclinationC.be acquainted with the arguments favoring the point of view with which he disagreesD.suspended heterodox speculation9.According to the author, which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.Most ed
27、ucated people study both sides of a question.B.Heterodox speculation will lead to many errors in thinking.C.The vast majority of people who argue fluently are acquainted with only one side of an issue.D.It is wise to get both sides of a debatable issue from ones teachers.七、BTEXT D/B(总题数：4，分数：4.00)10
28、.The writer means for this passage to appeal to the readers_.（分数：1.00）A.sensesB.religionC.moralsD.thoughts11.What is the color of the tattooing on his back?（分数：1.00）A.Brown.B.Yellow.C.Blue.D.Green.12.The style of this passage is_.（分数：1.00）A.humorousB.poeticC.detailedD.unrealistic13.The rear view of
29、the stranger_.（分数：1.00）A.is compared to a statueB.has matchless symmetryC.is compared to a garden vineD.is typical of a South Sea Islander八、BTEXT E/B(总题数：5，分数：5.00)14.All of the following are stated by the author as problems connected with the sources for knowledge of pre- modern cultures EXCEPT_.（分
30、数：1.00）A.partial completenessB.restricted accessibilityC.limited quantityD.tendency toward contradiction15.The authors attitude toward Bachofens treaties is best described as one of_.（分数：1.00）A.qualified approvalB.profound ambivalenceC.pointed disagreementD.unmitigated hostility16.It can be inferred
31、 from the passage that the probable reactions of many males in ancient Greece to the idea of a society ruled by women could best be characterized as_.（分数：1.00）A.confused and dismayedB.wary and hostileC.curious but fearfulD.cynical and disinterested17.The primary purpose of the passage is to_.（分数：1.0
32、0）A.compare competing new approaches to understanding the role of women in ancient societiesB.investigate the ramifications of Bachofens theory about the dominance of women in ancient societiesC.explain the burgeoning interest among historians in determining the actual status of women in various soc
33、ietiesD.criticize the value of ancient myths in determining the status of women in ancient societies18.The author suggests that the main reason for the persisting influence of Bachofens work is that_.（分数：1.00）A.feminists have shown little interest in ancient societiesB.reliable information about the
34、 ancient world is difficult to acquireC.ancient societies show the best evidence of women in position of powerD.historians have been primarily interested in the modern period九、BTEXT F/B(总题数：3，分数：3.00)19.Why didnt the writers wife and friends ask him what had really happened to him?（分数：1.00）A.They se
35、nsed that something terrible happened, they didnt dare to ask.B.They were afraid that the writer might lose face if they asked.C.Theyd like to let it be for it was not their business.D.They tried to calm the writer in this way.20.What does “dirty pool” at the end of the second paragraph mean?（分数：1.0
36、0）A.Improper deeds.B.Bribery.C.Chicanery.D.Dirty transaction.21.On what occasion is the author likely to be moved?（分数：1.00）A.A young person cheated of the best things in life.B.A genius athlete breaks a world record.C.A little girl suffers from an incurable disease.D.When the curtain comes down on a
37、 touching play.十、BPART GENERAL (总题数：10，分数：10.00)22.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all of the following EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.normal contemporary speech patternsB.humble and rustic life as subject matterC.elegant wording and inflated figures of speechD.intensely subjective feeling toward
38、 individual experience23.Whitmans poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.the strict poetic formB.the free and natural rhythmC.the easy flow of feelingsD.the simple and conversational language24.Of all the symbols, _, which are considered to represent fertility and n
39、ew life, are those most frequently associated with Easter.（分数：1.00）A.the pumpkin and the turkeyB.the lamb and the beefC.the spring peas and tile potatoesD.the egg and the rabbit25.The following words, EXCEPT _, form a minimal set and three minimal pairs.（分数：1.00）A.beatB.bitC.betD.hat26.One way to ov
40、ercome regional variation and facilitate the communication between speakers of different dialects is to enforce_.（分数：1.00）A.phonetic reformB.language planningC.language reformD.social planning27.The heir to the English throne is named the_ , which was initiated by Edward I in 1301.（分数：1.00）A.Prince
41、of ScotlandB.Prince of EnglandC.Prince of WalesD.Prince of Northern Ireland28.The Tories are tile forerunners of _ , which still bears the nickname today.（分数：1.00）A.the Labour PartyB.the Liberal PartyC.the Social Democratic PartyD.the Conservative Party29.What is the relationship between “livestock“
42、 and “cattle“?（分数：1.00）A.Polysemy.B.Antonymy.C.Homonymy.D.Hyponymy.30.The 18th century witnessed a new literary form-the modern English novel, which is contrary to the medieval romance, gives a _, presentation of life of the common people.（分数：1.00）A.romanticB.realisticC.propheticD.idealistic31.The G
43、rand Canyon, carved by the Colorado river, in northwestern _ is one of natures most impressive sights.（分数：1.00）A.UtahB.ArizonaC.NevadaD.Oregon十一、BPART PROOFREA(总题数：10，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_十二、BPART TRANSLAT(总题数：1，分数：10.00)42.母亲说：“你们什么都有，又好像什么都
44、没有。电视机是你们的，里面走来走去都是些陌生的人，有时候，杀人犯、贼、贪官、小偷也在里面出出进进；收录机是你们的，可尽是人家在唱歌；书架上的书是你们的，可那都是别人写的字；电冰箱是你们的，一年四季都装一箱不知从哪里落下的霜。方便是方便，可就是没有一样是你们自己的。”（分数：10.00）_十三、BSECTION B ENGLI(总题数：1，分数：10.00)43.Hemingway once wrote that courage is grace under pressure. But I would rather think with the 18th-century Italian dram
45、atist, Vittorio Alfieri, that “often the test of courage is not to die but live.“ For living cancer en- genders more than pressure; it begets terror. To live with it, to face up to it-thats courage. Hope is our most effective “drug“ in treating cancer. There is almost no cancer (at any stage) that c
46、annot be treated. By instilling hope in a patient, we can help develop a positive, combative attitude to his disease. Illogical, unproven? Perhaps. But many doctors believe that this must become a part of cancer therapy if the therapy is to be effective.（分数：10.00）_十四、BPART WRITING(总题数：1，分数：20.00)44.BThe Advantage of Reading/BIn the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you hove written to a na
