1、专业八级-15 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Cosmetics are now more popular than ever before. The agency responsible for regulating theU (1) /Uis the Food and Drug Administration. A cosmetic is expected to cleanse, beautify, promote attractiveness, or changeU (2) /UFor action t
2、o be taken against a cosmetic, it must be provenU (3) /Uin a court of law. But before a cosmetic is sold to the public, the FDA does not haveU (4) /Uto review the safety of cosmetics or its ingredients. Cosmetics are tested constantly by the FDA forU (5) /UGenerally, customers complaints are deodora
3、nts, antiperspirants and hairU (6) /U. Some cosmetics firms guarantee that cosmetics are safe and properly labeled. They test their products inU (7) /U. Recently, the first step in the CTFA program assuring cosmetic safety is theU (8) /Uof cosmetic finns with the FDA. The second step is calling for
4、the manufacturers to list the ingredients in theirU (9) /U. The third step is providing the FDA with information on all consumer complaints they receive. TheseU (10) /Ushould assure that tighter controls are being placed on the cosmetics industry.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填
5、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).According to the interview, what is conventional medicine?（分数：1.00）A.Only the diseased part of the body is treated.B.The doctor treats the whole person.C.The whole person and the diseased part are both treated.D.Patients are treated in a co
6、nventional way.(2).How does acupuncture work?（分数：1.00）A.It works on rheumatism.B.It works on blood.C.It works on arms and legs.D.It works on energy balance.(3).What relationship did the Chinese traditionally have with their doctors?（分数：1.00）A.Doctors treated the patients.B.Doctors were paid to keep
7、people well.C.People were frightened of doctors.D.They treated each other as friends.(4).What is the doctor-patient relationship like in the West?（分数：1.00）A.People prefer a doctor of holistic medicine.B.People dont consult a doctor even if they are ill.C.people dont go to see a doctor until they are
8、 iii.D.People often visit a doctor whether they are iii or not.(5).What can you infer from the interview?（分数：1.00）A.Westerners are crazy about work.B.Westerners emphasize prevention.C.The Chinese prefer conventional medicine.D.The Chinese emphasize treatment.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).The thre
9、e separate and co-equal branches are（分数：1.00）A.the executive branch, president, and legislative branch.B.the president, congress, and the legislative branch.C.the executive, legislative and judicial department.D.the supreme court, judicial and executive branch.(2).Judicial department,（分数：1.00）A.is t
10、he strongest among the three.B.is the weakest among the three.C.makes public policies.D.makes Federal Laws.(3).The Supreme Court has _in the last 50 years.（分数：1.00）A.declared 100 federal laws unconstitutionalB.declared over 1,000 state laws and 100 federal laws unconstitutionalC.defended civil liber
11、ties more often than property rightsD.defended property rights more often than civil rightsI Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).The boat “Destiny“ is about（分数：1.0
12、0）A.100 feet away from the port.B.a quarter of kilometers away from the port.C.100 feet deep in the water and a quarter of mile away from the port.D.a quarter of mile deep in the water and too feet away from the port.(2).How many people are believed to be killed in the storm?（分数：1.00）A.8.B.14.C.115D
13、.6.四、BPART READING (总题数：6，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BHow much sleep do we need? It is probably true to say that up to thirty years ago not only could we not answer this question, but we could see no research tools which might eventually enable us to do so. Since then, there have been important developments w
14、hich have changed the picture; in particular new forms and techniques of neurophysiological measurement have emerged, and secondly, experimental psychology has developed better methods of evaluating human performance and behaviour. Studies, for example, of body and eye movements, of sensory threshol
15、ds, and above all, of the electrical potentials of the brain during sleep, encourage us to think that we may be able to assess with useful accuracy the depth of quality of sleep. In carefully controlled experiments also the amount of sleep has been carried to find the effects of lack of sleep upon p
16、erformance and upon physiological changes in the body, especially those which accompany the effort to maintain normal behaviour and working standards in spite of deprivation of sleep.There are some who think we can leave the body to regulate these matters for itself. “The answer is easy,“ says the a
17、uthority. “With the right amount of sleep you should wake up fresh and alert five minutes before the alarm rings.“ If he is right, many people must be under sleeping, including myself.From animals we get the impression that it is satiety rather than fatigue that promotes sleep; many of them appear t
18、o Wake mainly to satisfy their bodily needs; during the rest of the time they return to the negative state of sleep. This may be true for adult humans also, hut with the important difference that their needs are often so complex and long-term in nature that they can never be completely satisfied.Oth
19、er people feel sure that the current trend is towards too little sleep. To quote one medical opinion, “Thousands of people drift through life suffering from the effects of too little sleep; the reason is not that they cant sleep but that they just dont.“ What could be disastrous is that we should sa
20、crifice sleep only to gain more time to jeopardize our civilization by actions and decisions made weak by fatigue and neurosis.Then to complete the picture, there are those who believe that most people are persuaded to sleep too much. Dr. H. Roberts, writing in Everyman in Health, asserts: “It may s
21、afely be affirmed that, just as the majority eat too much, so the majority sleep too much.“ One can see the point of this also, it would be a pity to retard our development by holding back those people who are gifted enough to work and play well with less than the average amount of sleep, if indeed
22、it does them no harm.Of course, we are not sure. Not only are we unable to give a formula for individual sleep requirement, we cannot even give confident averages for the different age groups. This is because we have no substantial scientific evidence to draw from, and opinions based on clinical evi
23、dence present a picture which is too contradictory to be a dependable guide. Indirect evidence on the amount of sleep we need comes from studies of what happens when we do without it. At first sight these suggest that we do not need as much as we take. It has been difficult to show any effect on per
24、formance of as little as one nights loss of sleep, and even after three days awake we can expect normal efficiency in a man taking responsible decisions in a job which he finds really absorbing and exciting. Furthermore, when at last he is allowed to sleep he will probably wake after some twelve hou
25、rs and show little, if any, ill-effect. These laboratory observations are borne out by examples in everyday life. It seems clear that the human body is equipped to over-ride the need for sleep in order to meet emergencies of quite long duration with faculties unimpaired. But this reversibility of th
26、e effect of loss of sleep in face of urgent and absorbing demands may be the greatest source of danger. People may think they are more efficient than they really are.（分数：4.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following contributes little to the study of sleep?（分数：1.00）A.Advancement in neuro
27、physiological measurement.B.Improvement in experimental psychology.C.Studies of the electrical potentials of the brain.D.Experiments of physiological changes in the body.(2).In what respect are humans and animals alike in sleep?（分数：1.00）A.For both of theme only fatigue can promote sleep.B.For both o
28、f them, overeating may promote sleep.C.For both of them, they wake only to satisfy their bodily needs.D.For both of them, they need to be completely satisfied to promote sleep.(3).The author of the passage may believe that_.（分数：1.00）A.insufficient sleep may become dangerous to our civilizationB.exce
29、ss of sleep may cause a loss to the communityC.we do not need as much sleep as we takeD.deprivation of sleep in emergencies may do no harm to our body(4).It can be inferred from the passage that_.（分数：1.00）A.different people may have quite different sleep requirementsB.we can leave our bodies to regu
30、late our sleep requirement for itselfC.we can maintain normal behavior and working standards no matter how mueh we have sleptD.we may remain efficient even if we have one nights loss of sleepBTEXT B/BNo matter what you write, your mother will always believe its about her. So said author Ann Beattie
31、a few years ago at a book talk in Connecticut. You could write about a family of dogs living on Mars, Beattie went on, and your mother will be convinced that she is the mother dog. (And who are we kidding, she probably is. )Amy Tan is a writer who has fully embraced this concept. Her first novel, Th
32、e Joy Luck Club, plumbed the gulf between American daughters and their Chinese mothers. Now, after the death of her own mother, Tan has returned to these themes with a renewed poignancy and lyricism in The Bonesetters Daughter.In recent magazine interviews and the novels foreword, she makes it clear
33、 how much she has drawn from her own life. Like her heroine, Ruth, Tan experienced yearly bouts of psychosomatic laryngitis-unable to speak for days at a time. And like Ruth, Tan didnt learn her mothers real name until just before she died.Ruth is a ghost writea job shes been training for since she
34、started editing her mothers English as a girl. “Ruth had always been forced to serve as Lulings mouthpiece,“ the narrator writes. “By the time she was ten, Ruth was the English-speaking Mrs. Luling Young on the telephone, the one who made appointments for the doctor, who wrote letters to the bank.“A
35、s in her previous books, Tan captures the humiliated embarrassment of the assimilated child (as well as a parents terror that her American girl is rejecting her home culture, and by extension, herself). “Her mother couldnt even say Ruths name right. It used to mortify Ruth when she shouted for her u
36、p and clown the block. Lootie! Lootie! Why had her mother chosen a name with sounds she couldnt pronounce?“But the writing turns out to be more than a figure of speech. In a ritual she has dreaded since she was a child, Luling has used Ruth as a medium, making her scribble in sand messages from a nu
37、rsemaid, the bonesetters daughter of the title, who killed herself in China when her mother was a girl.Tan powerfully evokes the pain mothers and daughters cause one another, seemingly effortlessly, but redemption is always lurking a chapter away.The novel begins with the pages Luling has franticall
38、y written to capture her memories before Alzheimers strips them away. Ruth, not fluent in Mandarin, gave up trying to read them years before, but once Lulings disease is diagnosed, they provide a way for her to reunite with her mother.“(The doctor) said the disease had probably started years ago. Ma
39、ybe there was a reason her mother had been so difficult when Ruth was growing up, why she had talked about curses and threats to kill herself.“The Bonesetters Daughter shifts all the way into magical realism in one section, with not entirely believable results. Also, Tans generally fine writing occa
40、sionally veers into the over-wrought: “She sensed her mothers life was at stake and the answer was in her hands, had been there all along.“Far more effective are Lulings experiences before and after the Japanese invasion of China and the sections where Ruth tries to care for her mother. Here again,
41、Tan has drawn from experience, sharply detailing a childs fear in the face of a parents growing helplessness.For Luling and Ruth, Alzheimers .acts like a “truth serum“, allowing a lifetime of lies to fall away. In fact, Lulings narrative to her daughter begins: “These are the things I know are true.
42、“Finding emotional healing in the face of disease has launched a thousand Movies of the Week, but in the hands of a writer as generous as Tan, its a Subject that still resonates as an antidote to grief.（分数：4.00）(1).The passage is taken from_.（分数：1.00）A.a book reviewB.a novel-adapted film reviewC.a s
43、cenarioD.a magazine interview(2).From this passage, we can see that the “bonesetters daughter“ referred to_.（分数：1.00）A.Amy TanB.Luling YoungC.a nursemaidD.a ghostwriter(3).It is pointed out in the passage that the pain Ruth and Luling cause each other results mainly from_.（分数：1.00）A.their generation
44、 gapB.their cultural clashC.Lulings superstitionsD.Lulings disease(4).The comment made by the author of this passage on Tans writing tends to be_.（分数：1.00）A.sarcasticB.poignantC.laudatoryD.criticalBTEXT C/BHad enough elevator music? Make way for elevator advertising; and, for that matter, advertisin
45、g in mall food courts, offices, hotel lobbies and at grocery store checkout counters:A growing number of marketers are using digital technology to push their advertising messages on high-definition video screens in venues where consumers gather.One pundit has dubbed the growing business of reaching
46、consumers when theyre outside of the home as the “outernet“. These advertising networks typically blend commercial messages with news, sports, and weather feeds supplied by major media companies. The flurry of out-of-home advertising is spreading to convenience stores, grocery store checkout counter
47、s and elevators in office buildings.The outernet industry is pitching itself to advertisers that are frustrated with the high cost of traditional media and the never-ending search for advertising outlets that work.“Its a very chaotic advertising market right how, and that chaos tends to work for us,
48、“ said Charlie Nooney, chief executive of San Francisco-based Premier Retail Networks Inc, which sends advertising into shops operated by Wal-Mart Stores Inc and Best Buy Inc.Wireless technology can push advertising “anywhere you want, in trains or in cable cars at ski resorts,“ said Nancy Jackson, a vice president with Westford, Massachusetts-based Captivate Network Inc in the US.The screen ads account for a tiny sliver of the US5.3 billion outdoor advertising industry. But as the cost of digital techno
