1、职称英语综合类 B级-34 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The substance can be added to gasoline to accelerate the speed of automobiles. A. quicken B. shorten C. loosen D. enlarge（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from dama
2、ging drops in grain prices. A. slight B. surprising C. sudden D. harmful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.They are worded about their capacity to invest in the future. A. capital B. ability C. expense D. reality（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.We should never content ourselves with only a little knowledge. A. convince B. satisf
3、y C. comfort D. benefit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.He invested a considerable amount of money in the project. A. immense B. positive C. powerful D. realistic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.As a matter of fact, I love soft music more than popular music. A. basically B. probably C. actually D. accurately（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.
4、They had a far better yield than any other farm miles away around this year. A. goods B. soil C. climate D. harvest（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources. A. puzzling B. difficult C. terrifying D. urgent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.We should co
5、ntemplated the problem from all sides. A. deliberated B. thought C. described D. designed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The interview took place around the kitchen table and was very causal. A. formal B. informal C. regular D. irregular（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.His health had deteriorated while he was in prison. A.
6、became better B. became worse C. became stronger D. became weaker（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The government is debating the education laws. A. discussing B. defeating C. delaying D. declining（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation. A. per
7、manent B. powerful C. striking D. practical（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center. A. get rid of B. set up C. repair D. paint（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot. A. intended to B. tended to C. extended to D. pret
8、ended to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)American SportsThe United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere s
9、ufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.Baseball is the most popular sport in th
10、e US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a c
11、ollege sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 playe
12、rs on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer
13、 it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although hor
14、se-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horse, s in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do “not assemble“ primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of ea
15、ch race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.（分数：7.00）(1).Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons
16、 of spring and summer.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Football can be classified as a spectator sport.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Many Americans like basketball better tha
17、n football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Horse-racing fans cannot
18、be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good ThingAlthough the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people wh
19、o sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours
20、a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a nights sleep than 8-hour sleepers.These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night
21、s rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night. He added that “it might be a good idea“ for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.Previous studies have shown the
22、potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sl
23、eep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with d
24、ay-to-day functioning.Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much t
25、ime in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed. “It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then theyll spend a higher percentage of time awake.“ he said.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _ A. Kripikes research tool. B. Dangers of habitua
26、l shortages of sleep. C. Criticism on Kripkes report. D. A way of overcoming insomnia. E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers. F. Classification of sleep problems.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).To get a goo
27、d nights rest, people may not need to _. A. fall asleep again B. become more energetic the following day C. sleep less than 7 hours D. confirm those serious consequences E. suffer sleep problems F. sleep more than 8 hours（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to _.（分数：1.00）
28、填空项 1:_(7).One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).One survey showed that people who habitually _ each night have a higher risk of dying.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Pushbike PerilLow speed bicycle crashes can
29、 badly injure or even kill children if they fall onto the ends of the handlebars so a team of engineers is redesigning the humble handlebar in a bid to make it safer.Kristy Arbogast, a bioengineer at the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, began the project with her colleagues after
30、a study of serious abdominal injuries in children in the past 30 years showed that more than a third were caused by bicycle accidents. “The task was to identify how the injuries occurred and came up with some countermeasures,“ she says.By interviewing the children and their parents, Arbogast and her
31、 team were able to reconstruct many of the accidents and identified a common mechanism responsible for serious injures. They discovered that most occur when children hit an obstacle at a slow speed, causing them to topple over. To maintain their balance they turn the handlebars through 90 degrees bu
32、t their momentum forces them into the end of the handlebars. The bike then falls over and the other end of the handlebars hits the ground, ramming it into their abdomen.The solution the group came up with is a handgrip fitted with a spring and damping system. The spring absorbs up to 50 per cent of
33、the forces transmitted through the handlebars in an impact. The group hopes to commercialize the device, which should add only a few dollars to the cost of a bike. “But our task has been one of education because up until now, bicycle manufacturer were unaware of the problem,“ says Arbogast.The team
34、has also approached the US Consumer Product Safety Commission to try to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design. A decision is expected later this year.handlebar n (常用复数) (自行车等的) 车把abdominal adj. 腹部的 redesign v. 重新设计bioengineer n. 生物工程师 reconstruct vt. 重建；重构countermeasure n. 对策 abdomen n. 膜，腹
35、部momentum n.冲力 handgrip n. 握柄damping adj. 制动的，减速的，缓冲的 commercialize vt. 使商品化（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, some engineers are trying to improve the handlebars because _.（分数：3.00）A.they are not noble enoughB.they may kill childrenC.they are likely to crashD.they make the bike move at a low s
36、peed(2).In paragraph 2, the author mentions a study of serious abdominal injuries _.（分数：3.00）A.to discuss how abdominal injuries in children occurB.to show that more than a third injuries were caused by bicycle accidentsC.to point out what the countermeasures can beD.to tell us why Kristy Arbogast b
37、egan the project(3).Paragraph 3 mainly discusses _.（分数：3.00）A.why the children and their parents were interviewedB.when the children tom the handlebars through 90 degreesC.what causes the children to topple overD.how serious injuries occur(4).The passage implies that _.（分数：3.00）A.it is not easy to p
38、ersuade manufacturers to adopt the new designB.the team of engineers has not found any countermeasuresC.children like to ride bicycles at a very low speedD.a lot of children were killed in bicycle accidents in the past 30 years(5).The new handgrip works in which of the following ways?（分数：3.00）A.It c
39、all be commercialized.B.It reduces the dangerous forces in bicycle accidents.C.It adds a few dollars to the cost of a bike.D.It changes the direction of the handlebars in all impact.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Common Problems, Common SolutionsThe chances are that you made up your mind about smoking a long
40、time ago and decided its not for you.The chances are equally good that you know a lot of smokers there are, after all about 60 million of them, work with them, and get along with them very well.And finally its a pretty safe bet that youre open-minded and interested in all the various issues about sm
41、okers and nonsmokers or you wouldnt be reading this.And those three things make you incredibly important today.Because they mean that yours is the voice not the smokers and not the anti-smokers that will determine how much of societys efforts should go into building walls that separate us and how mu
42、ch into the search for solutions that bring us together.For one tragic result of the emphasis on building walls is the diversion of millions of dollars from scientific research on the causes and cures of diseases which, when all is said and done, still strike the nonsmoker as well as the smoker. One
43、 prominent health organization, to cite but a single instance, now spends 28 cents of every publicly contributed dollar on “education“ (much of it in and-smoking propaganda) and only 2 cents on research.There will always be some who want to build walls, who want to separate people from people, and u
44、p to a point, even these may serve society. The anti-smoking wall-builders have, to give them their due, helped to make us all more keenly aware of choice.But our guess, and certainly our hope, is that you are among the far greatest number who know that walls are only temporary at best, and that ove
45、r the long run, we can serve societys interest better by working together in mutual accommodation.Whatever virtue wails may have, they can never move our society toward fundamental solutions. People who work together on common problems, common solutions, can.（分数：15.00）(1).What does the word “wall“ u
46、sed in the passage mean?（分数：3.00）A.Anti-smoking propaganda.B.Diseases striking nonsmokers as well as smokers.C.Rules and regulations that prohibit smoking.D.Separation of smokers from nonsmokers.(2).In paragraph 4, “you“ refers to_.（分数：3.00）A.smokersB.nonsmokersC.anti-smokersD.smokers who have quitt
47、ed smoking(3).It is evident that the author is not in favor of_.（分数：3.00）A.building a wall between smokers and nonsmokersB.doing scientific research at the expense of ones healthC.bringing smokers and nonsmokers togetherD.proving accommodation for smokers(4).As is suggested, the common solution to t
48、he common problem is_.（分数：3.00）A.to separate people from peopleB.to work together in mutual accommodationC.to make us more keenly aware of choiceD.to serve societys interests better(5).According to the passage, the writer looks upon the anti-smoking wall-builders actions_.（分数：3.00）A.optimisticallyB.pessimisticallyC.unconcernedlyD.skeptically七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Technology Transfer in GermanyWhen it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nations vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stre
